US94640A - Improvement in spindles and fliers - Google Patents

Description

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Letters PatentNo. 94,640, dated September 7, 1869.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same To whom it maycoaeeru 13e it known that I, JEAN JOSEPH JULESIIER- RARI), of Reims, in -the Empire ot' France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spinning-Machines; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe same, ret'- erence being had to the accompanying drawings.

The object of Iny invention is to produce a new kind of throstlet`rame, which I call a self-acting throstleframe.7 V

The two results I have proposed to accomplish by the system which I have devised are the following:

` First. To direct the thread, when it comes out from the drawing-cylinders, in such manner as to cause it to divergegradnally, but constantly, from the axis of its course., and to thus withdraw it from and neutralize the injurious effects of the centrifugal force.

Second. Toimpart to the thread therequisite amount of twist, and to distribute the windings upon cylindrical or conical cops, of pastcboard or paper, eii'ecting, simultaneously and -l-continuously, the operations ot twistil'ig and distributing, thereby giving the thread .a steady tension, and distributing, it uniformly and regularly upon th'e'bobbin. j g

i These results havebeen attained by the employment of spindles and .fliers of.peculiar'construction, as hereinafter described, and of mechanism adapted to impart the necessary movements to the same.Y f r,

The attainment oft-bese results is conducive of sevf eral advantages, which I. will enumerate:. y

First. The machine to which my I nvention is applied performs double work, for it is capable otrunning r twice as fast as. ordinary machines-the spindlesturning at the rate of live ,thousand five .hundred to six thousand revolutions per minute, while' in` ordinary throstle-frames they make but from two thousand five hundred to three thousand revolutions; and, moreover, the general action ofthe vmachine is unsubject-ed to the stoppzvlges and interruptions which constantly occur in mule-jennys and winders, the'operations oi' twisting and of distributing not being accomplished simultaneously in melatten-,but successively.

Second. A more perfect thread, and one endowed with a more regular tension, is produced than can be formed in ordinary machines.

Third. It is not subject to thc oscillations and jars arising from the action ofthe carriage in mule-jennys and winders. v

`Fourth. lt admits ot' the spinning of warp at th least possible torsion, wit-hout cutting the thread, and also of spinning at the highest degrees of torsion, so that a weft ot' extremely iine numbers is made, such as could not, up to this time, be produced'by machin# erv. l

lFifth. It is productive of considerable economy in labor, as the employment of a spinner may be dispensed with, one attendant sutlicing to direct its movement, even itl there be two hundred bobbins; and this attendant, it' it be necessary, can oversee, at the same time, another frame.

Sixth. Finally, it may be applied to the spinning of all known'textile substances, animal or vegetable, wood, silk, cotton, ilax, Sto., whatever may be their degree of ineness, aud the usc for which the thread is intended.

I will indicate in this description the two particular arrangements which I give to my new kind of spinning-machine, intended, especially,l the one to spin thread for the warp on cylindrical cops or pasteboard tubes-that is to say, a machiueqtbr spinning the warp the other to spin thread for the woot` or conical coptubes--t. e., a machine for spinning weft.

p rlhe hobhinsV obtained in the two -ases have the truuco-conical sha'tperequired for the weaving.

The nature ot' my invention will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which are represented the spindles and fliers invented by me, and the mechanisms required to operate the same properly. l i

The machine for spinning the warp is represented in Sheets I and II; that for spinning the' weft in Sheet III.

The-se two machines have, in common, the spindles andiers devised by me; but they are distinguished from each other by the mechanisms employed to act with the said spindles and fiiers, according as the thread is intended for thc warp or for the woef, and according to'wbether the cop upon which the thread is wound is cylindrical or conical.

In the warp-machine, `the mechanism is analogous to that of ordinary bobhin and ily-frames, the variable speed being etl'ected by means ofthe double cone, which is adapted to this machine by means of new mechanicalcombinations. With respect, however, to themachine for spinning wett, the mechanism is new, con sisting in the employmentot' two cylindrical camsthat is to say, cams presenting several successive curves situated in parallel planes.

The characteristics which distinguish tbismachinc are the following:

First. The application of a system ot' spindles and fliers, independent of each omen-actuated by gearing in which the rotation ofthe spindles and iiiers, which is constant and com mon to both, produces the twisting, while the dierence in 'speed between the bobbin and the flier produces the windin". A

Second. rlheemployment of the double cone combined with a differential n'iovement. y

Third. Iheapplication of an escapement-movement to regulate the change of direction of the frames.

Fourth. The'particularmodes ofregulatingthe iiiers, the spindles, the cones, the escapement-movement of the drawing cylinders, the differential wheel, and the bobbin and fly-frames.

The machine is symmetrical inthe direction of' its length. The head ofthe loom carries the driving-pulley and all the gear-mechanism which .communicates to the bobbin and f'lyf`rames, and otherparts, the varied movements necessary to accomplish the work.

Figure 1, Sheet I, is a front elevation of the machine. Figure 2, Sheet II, is an end view of the machine as faras the red line A, fig, 1, showing, also, the vertical escapement-arl'ior f Figure 3, Sheet II,'is a View of the mechanism from the line A to the. line B, fig. 1, together with a section Y of the cylinders andthe gearing-machinery, the organs of the differential movement being removed, so as to avoid complication.

, The thread, on leaving the last of the drawing-cylinders, is conducted to the spindle G (see figs. l and 3) This fiier is formed of two branches, having a'helical slot or groove formed in one of them. One'only of these Vbranches is performingr the work. The other is used only to balance 'the first, and may, therefbre,

' between the pinion and the conical ring, in order to effect the revolution of vthe flier.-

lWhen a thread breaks, and it is desired to stop, so as to reunite lthe thread, motion is arrested by mea-ns ofl the braken". i

This brake is moved, so as to bear against the cap interposed between the spiral spring andpinion, and

' compress the spring, in such manner that the pinion becomes free or loose, and, consequently, the flier ceases to revolve.

The spindle Gr Ilot only should be arranged so that its motion can be arrested at pleasure, but it is also necessary, that after being disconnected from the driv'- ing-power, it should bc-capable of being turned by other suitable means` in order that the thread may be rapidly unwound. The spiral spring, in that case, is compressed at its two extremities, in order to release both the spindle and the pinion or wheel n', which puts it in motion. n

This4 compression is'eifected by means similarto that employed with the flier-spring, only there are two brakes, n, which serve to arrest the movement when it becomes necessary to4 unite the ends of a broken thread. i l The prime mover communicates movement to a horizontal arbor, A, which carries, at one end, a wheel, a, servingto transmit its movement to 'the principal arbor B, through the medium of gears b' and C.

This main shaft actuates- First, the fliers, on one side, by a wheel, d on the other, by a wheel, These wheels cl and'e engage with pinions f andf, fixed on longitudinal shaftsll') D, which actuate thefiierspE, through the intermediation of the bevel-gear n fm.

Second, the spindles, by means of' the bevel-gear g g g, for producing the differential movement, the. last of' which, gl, is mounted on awheel, 11, actuating,

through the pinion t', a pinion, lr, fixed on the shaft,

for regulating the intermittent movement produced by the wheels o o o. On the axis of the pinion k ,is mounted a wheel, I, which, through the carriers'o or o,l transmits the movement to the pinions pp, xed on the longitudinal arbors F F, and from these Varbors to the spindles G, by means of the bevel-gear n 'm'.l

Third, the upper cone,by means of' a pinion, q, which varies the movement, according to the twistit Iis desired to give the thread, actuating, by'means of' an intermediate wheel, fr, a wheel, s, fixed on the shaft of the said cone. v

This cone transmits motion- First, to the escapement-movement;

Second, to the cylinders; Y

Third, to the differential wheel;

Fourth, and, consequently, to the bobbin and flyframes'. y l 4 y l. To. the Eseapement-Morenwnt.

The wheel s gears with the wheel t, fixed on one end of a shaft, which carries, on. its other end, a bevelled gear, u, engaging with a like gear, c, fixed on a vertical arbor, H.

This arbor has an intermittent motion, aswill be seen further on. It makes a halfrevolution for each layer of thread. A

The wheel c, at twopoints diametrically opposite each other, has a space left without teeth, to admit of7 the movement being intermittent.

The functions of this vertical arbor will be hereafter.

2. To the Cylinders. I

On the arbor of' the upper cone is mounted a wheel, '21, which, through the'carriers x e', actuatcs the wheels fixed on the drawing-cylinders I,.located on each side of the machine. Y

t 3. To the Diferenltial Wheel.

4. To the Bobb'in and Fly-Frmnes.

The gear .i/"aetuatcs the toothed wheel z, fixed on the end of an arbor, L, which carries, on its otherend,

a bevel-pinion, z', actuating, alternately, the wheels .On the, end of the arbor wheels z, is fixedl aj pinion, a,.actuating a wheel,

On the axis of the lat-ter is mounted a pinion, al, actuating a wheel, ai', fixed, by means of the coupling O, on the transversearbol"of the frame Q.

On each end of' this arbor are screwed the bevelled wheels bIl b2, gearing with the wheels b b4, fixed on' the longitudinal arbors R R', which cause the up-anddown motion of, the frames T T. y

These longitudinal arbors carry, besides, at inter 'als apart, pinions c c1, engaging with the racks S- S, on which' are mounted the f'rames T, supporting the spiny dles G.

Toward the base of the vertical arbor I-I, hercinbefore mentioned, is fixed' a ring, all, which supports the saidarbOr, and which, at the upper part, is provided with two teeth, the faces of which are cut in an elongated spiral, forming an inclined plane.- v

TheV pawlfdz, actuated by a spiral spring, d, heilig T, which carries the in contact with this inclined plane, tends to cause it to, turn by pushing it, and, consequently, to communi-V support, c?.

Two angular stops, c e,mounted on a slide, f are regulated by a right and left-hand screw, f2, which brings them together, when it is desired to contract the bobbins, so as to form the conical ends.

The principal function of these two stops is to arrest one of the catches c1 c, alternately, in such position that the bevel-wheel o, on the upper end of the shaft H, may present to the pinion, u that part which is unprovided with teeth.

The pinionl u can, in this case, turn without communicating movement to the bevel-wheel c; but, as soon the frame reaches the end of its course, the catch, which is in contact with one of the stops c3 c", is released, the pawl d2 pushes forward the tooth with which it is in contact, the toothed part of the wlieel o engages with the pinion u, and the shaft H makes another half revolution.

0n the lower part of' the shaft H is mounted an eccentriq'V, which, through the intermediary of a lever, g1, and arm, g3, effects the movement of' the wheels z 2', throwing, alternately, the one 'and the other in gear with the pinion z', and thus causing the rising and fallin g oi' the frames.

Toward the upper end of the/shaft H, a pinion, i, actuates a wheel, h?, connected with ua pinion, h5.

The latter gears with a wheel, 7a4, fixed on the screw f2.

Below this wheel is a small pinion, h5, actuating the rack X, which regulates the position ofthe belting on the cones.

I' will conclude the description of this machine by indicating briefly, the arrangement of the mechanism for facilitating the starting ofthe spindles and iiiers after they have been stopped in order to piece a broken thread.

This mechanism is composed, essentially, of two fiat bars, whicbcan, at any moment desired, be removed, or displaced horizontally, by the action of a pedal pressed by the foot. A

The fiat bars are provided with openings or slots, equal in number to the fliers and spindles, (which should be actuated by the same mechanism,) and in these openings the hooked ends of arms attached to the said spindles and ijiers are arranged to slide.

The operation-ot' the mechanism will be readily understood.

When a flier and its corresponding spindle are thrown out of gear, the hooks of the two arms, striking lagainst the end of their respective slots, push forward the fiat bars, the other slots in which move against the rigidv hooks of the fliers and spindlesI which are in motion. v

It results, therefore, that as soon as the pedal is pressed, the bars, in returning to their first position, draw back the'arm of' the spindle andthe arm of the flier which were displaced, and their corresponding fingers, turning also, cause the flier and spindle to resume their movement.

One pedal and a single pair of' bolster-plates may be employed for a dozen or more spindles or fliers.

Figures 5 and 6, Sheet HI, represent the machine for spinning weft.

The features which characterize this machine are- First, the application of a system of spindles and fiiers, hereinbefore described. There is no difference,

in this respect, between this machine and the one al rca-dy described, except that the spindles are conical,

instead of cylindrical, in order to distribute the yarn on conical cop-tubes, and to form cops to be vused in the shuttles of' a vi'eang-loom.

Second, the employment of two cylindrical cams, mount-ed on the same carriage, and-intended; the one to give the varied rotary movement to the spindles, for producing the regular distribution of the yarn, and the other-,the varied and altcmate rectilinear move-i ment to the frames, in order to uniformly distribute the yarn on the bobbin.

Third, the arrangement of an expanding pulley, which is actuated by a cone operated by. one of the cams, and serves, by this means, to transform the varied rectilinear motion produced by said cam into a varied circular movement, capable of being transmitted to the spindles by a system of gear-wheels, so as to produce a. broken or intermittent movement.

Fourth, the particular methods of regulating the `movement of the fiiers, of' the drawing-cylinders, and of the frames.

I will first describe the loom, and will thenexplain the principles which govern the construct-ion and operation of the cams.

The loom is represented in .Sheet III of the drawings- Figure 5 being a longitudinal elevation, andV Figure 6, an end elevation:

Motion is communicated, from a suitable motor, by a belt and pulley on the horizont-al shaft A, which, by means ofthe wheels a, a', and b, causes the revolution of the horizontal shaft B.

This principal shaft B regulates the movement- First, of the fliers E, by means of a wheel, c, and engages on one side with the wheel c,-and on the other with the wheels c c3, and thus etiects the revolution, through the medium of the wheels ff, of the shafts D D, which actuate the fliers by means of the pinions yny m.

Second, of the drawing-cylinders C C, by'means of the wheel b1 and the wheel h., which gears with the pinion h1, mounted on the transverse shaft H. The two pinions t h2 revolve the pinionsJr'l ligand, consequently, the cylinders.

Third, of the expanding cone T, and, consequently, of thc expansible pulley K. The necessary movement is transmitted to the shaftjl of the expanding cone by the wheels c1 c2, the intermediate longitudinal shaft c, and the wheels c4 c5 c. The expansible pul- .ley K is connect-ed with .thepulieyj by the belting J,

and by the binding-pulleyj5.

Fourth, of the two cams P and Q, which should have both a rotary movement upon' their axes and a rectilinear movement.

The rotary movement is imparted by a grooved cylinder, 1, which'causes the revolution ofa large Wheel,

l1, fixed on the axis p of' the cam l.

On the same axis is another wheel, Z", with oblique teeth, which gears with the wheel I, mounted on the axis q of the cam Q.

The grooved cylinder Z is of such dimensions that the cams, in their transit, will .continue to be rotated 'by means of the constant engagement of the wheel l with the said cylinder.

The transmission of movement to the cylinder takes place through a series of gears, not represented in the drawings.

The transit or forward movement of the cams is effected by means ofthe screw S, which, receiving a rotary movement through the wheels s1 sts s, causes the carriage It and the cams I and Q, which are carl ried by the saine, to advance very slowly.

-The eccentric-cam l), whose axis p is horizontal, causes, by its rotation, the movement of the roller t, attached on the angle-lever t1, on one of the arms of' which is the rack t?.

Thelatter transmits this movement; to the wheel t, I `secured upon the same shaft with the sector t.

This sector t acts upon the rack t, which is attached to the rod ofthe expanding conel, and thus causes the latter to enter the pulley K, which is expanded, and, consequently, moves with increased circumferential speed.

. The belting transmitsthis augmented speed to the .fixed pulley j, which imparts a more rapid rotation to the wheel j, which rotary movement, through the intermediary of the wheels j 3 j, and of the wheels ol o2 o3 o, for causing the intermittent motion, is communicated to the pinions g g, and, through them, to the spindles G G. o

The eccentric-cam Q, whiclnas well as its axis q, is inclined, acts on a roller, u, attached to the extremity of a rack, nl, which, in rising and falling,

, causes 'the wheel u2, with oblique teeth, to turn, alternately, in the one direction and the other, this movement heilig communicated to the shaft u, pinions u* a5, shafts V V, and wheels o e.

The latter engage withfthe, nearly-vertical racks e o', imparting to the fames Z Z the desired varied movement. v

The flier and spindle revolve independently of each other, being regulated separately by their respective gearing-the spindle with a variable speed, the flier with a uniform velocity, which is alwaysja little less 'than that of the spindle.

If the cop-tube has the form of a cylinder, the lz yers of the winding will be-cylindrical, and the rate of speed of the winding will be uniform, as well as the velocity ot' the reciprocating or Yalternate movement of the frames and spindles; but, if the cop have the form of a truncated cone, the layers of the Winding will then be trunco-conical.

It is, therefore, necessary, in order not to disturb the regularity of the tension and distribution of the thread, to modify the two movements which effect the winding. y

The feed of the thread in a certain space of timel being invariable, in orderthat its tension, produced by thev action of the spindle, may be constantly the same, it is necessary' that the quickness `of the winding should vary in inverse proportion 4to the different diameters ofthe tubel upon which the thread is moved.

On the other hand, it will be seen, that if the rate of speed of the bobbin-frame continue uniform, the number of spirals formed by the thread will be augmented according as-:the diameter of the tube diminishes, and that, consequently, the thickness of a layer of the thread will he irregular.

In order, therefore, to distribute, evenly and equally,Y the thread in` a layer, to increase the distancebetween the spirals when their number is augmented at any lone point, to bring them nearer each other when the number diminishes-'in a word, to regulate the action so that they shall constitute a helix with a uniform angle-it is necessary to canse the velocity of the reciprocating movement of the bobbin-fralne to vary, andrto canseA this variance to be in proportion to the quickness of the winding-that is to say, in inverse proportion to the corresponding diameters ofthe cop.

rIhese two movementsthe rotarymovement of the spindles, which allows the thread to be always equally stretched, and the reciprocating movement of the bobbinfframe, which distributes the thread upon the coptube with regularity-are obtained in the machine by means of two cams. I

' These ca ms are surfaces generated by curves whose planes are parallel.

Each curve ofthe one cam has a-curve in the other whichcorresponds to it, and it is the similarity of these two curves which produces the formation ofv a layer of thread.

The two cams receive, at the same time that they revolve uniformly, through the medium of an endless screw,a movement which causes them to present to their respective rollers the two corresponding'curves which are required to form a layer of the cop.

In brief, an endless screw actuates two cams, of which the one, operating the spindle, produces anequal tension` of the thread; the other, operating the bobbin-frame, causes the equal distribution of the thread in each layer;

The tracing orlaying loutl of the curves for each cam is determined by the laws above laid down for the varied movements which they are to transmit.

These curves first being cut out in pasteboard, for example, are placed parallel with each other, at regular intervals apart, in such manner that their centres will lie in the 'saine line which forms theaxis ot' rotation of the cam, and their t'op edges will be in the same plane. There is thus a number of guides, sufficient to; determine the continuous surface of the cam.'

The patterns being made, and then vthe moulds, the v cams are cast on the arbors which carry them, so that the cams and their shafts are perfectly and securely united.

Having now described my invention, and the Inauner in which the same is or may be carried into effect,

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is'- Spindles and fliers constructed and operating substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, before two subscribing witnesses.

i J.- J. J. PIERRARD. IVitnesses: v

J. ARMENGAUD, l?. F. RANDOLPH.

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