US9438896B2 - Method for driving 3D binocular eyewear from standard video stream - Google Patents

Method for driving 3D binocular eyewear from standard video stream Download PDF

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US9438896B2
US9438896B2 US12/945,976 US94597610A US9438896B2 US 9438896 B2 US9438896 B2 US 9438896B2 US 94597610 A US94597610 A US 94597610A US 9438896 B2 US9438896 B2 US 9438896B2
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video
digital
display
driver
video stream
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US20110181707A1 (en
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Frederick P. Herrmann
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Kopin Corp
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Kopin Corp
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    • H04N13/044—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/344—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] with head-mounted left-right displays
    • H04N13/0497—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof

Definitions

  • Head-mounted displays have been known for quite some time. Certain types of these displays are worn like a pair of eyeglasses. They may have a display element for both the left and right eyes to provide stereo video images. They may be designed to present a smoked-plastic “sunglasses” look to the outside world. Products on the market today can provide a reasonably immersive viewing experience in a small, portable, compact form factor, providing a “big screen” experience while at the same time remaining compatible with the portability of iPods and smart phones.
  • the optical imaging path for each eye typically consists of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) for backlight illumination, a polarizing film, and a micro-display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) element in a molded plastic package.
  • the micro-display element typically takes center stage.
  • suitable color LCD panels are available from sources such as Kopin Corporation of Taunton, Mass.
  • Kopin's displays such as the CyberDisplay® models can provide QVGA, VGA, WVGA, SVGA and even higher resolution depending on the desired quality of the resulting video.
  • Stereoscopy is a method of displaying three-dimensional images by presenting slightly different views to the left and right eyes.
  • the most common methods use a single screen or display device, combined with some optical means to separate the images for left and right eyes. These methods include:
  • An alternative technique eliminates inter-eye crosstalk entirely, by using separate microdisplays in binocular eyewear.
  • the eyewear is constructed such that each eye focuses on a single display, and the two displays are driven with separate video signals.
  • the installed base of video electronic equipment includes very little support for stereoscopic 3D. In most cases, it is therefore more desirable to adapt existing 2D equipment, signals, and formats to handle 3D content.
  • YouTubeTM has introduced support for 3D video, and has selected “cross-eyed side-by-side” as its standard format for uploads. (The YouTube web site provides options for various other formats on playback.) Because of the vast popularity of YouTube, this format may become a de facto standard for exchanging 3D content.
  • the crossed-eyed side-by-side format splits the image into left and right halves, and places left-eye data in the right half image and right-eye data in the left half image.
  • the “parallel” side-by-side format puts left and right images in their corresponding halves. Both formats are well-suited for display on video eyewear, as format conversion can be accomplished without use of a frame buffer memory.
  • FIG. 1 is a high level block diagram of a typical prior art 2D video eyewear system.
  • the drive electronics 20 receives an input video stream 10 (digital or analog), and performs any necessary signal processing (e.g., scaling, deinterlacing, color space conversion, gamma correction, etc.). It outputs video signal(s) 30 suitable for the two displays 50 -L, 50 -R, which in the case of the above-mentioned liquid crystal display (LCD) based video eyewear, may be a plurality of analog signals at an appropriate voltage range.
  • the video signals 30 may include separate red, green and blue (R G B) channel outputs.
  • the drive electronics 20 also outputs digital clock and control signals 40 to the displays 50 , which in the case of an LCD will typically one or more sampling clock signals.
  • FIG. 2 is a high level timing diagram for such a 2D system showing the video output stream 30 and a sampling clock signal 40 - 1 in more detail.
  • the horizontal period 60 is the time necessary to scan one row of the display (typically 31.7 ⁇ s for a 480p format video signal), and comprises an active video period 61 and an inactive “retrace” period 62 .
  • the sampling clock(s) 40 - 1 are toggled (or “burst”) during the active period 61 (and on some displays, also during the retrace period 62 ). Please note that the sampling clock is not to scale, as there would typically be one clock per pixel, and thus hundreds of clocks per horizontal period 60 .
  • identical video 30 and control 40 signals are presented to both left 50 -L and right 50 -R displays, which therefore display identical images.
  • both displays also receive the same video signals 30 , but they are driven with separate control signals 42 -L, 42 -R, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • the control signals 42 -L, 42 -R are typically modified from the 2D case, so as to select different portions of the input video signal for each eye.
  • This method may be adapted to other formats.
  • the adaptations may include:
  • the present invention is a technique to drive three dimensional video eyewear from various format input video streams.
  • a common sampling clock is used to drive both a left and right display in parallel.
  • a video eyewear device capable of displaying three dimensional video content receives a digital video signal having encoded therein information to be displayed on a left and right display.
  • Left channel and right channel video driver provide a separate left and right video signal to each of the respective left and right displays.
  • a left and right digital scaler are connected to receive a the respective left and right digital video streams, to apply a horizontal scale factor.
  • the scale factor may depend on a ratio of the number of pixels in a horizontal line of one of the displays divided by the number of pixels in a horizontal line of the input digital video signal.
  • the scalers may repeat pixels, or use linear or other pixel interpolation techniques.
  • the scaling is performed independently for each channel, and for each eye.
  • a pixel position shifter may shift at least one of the left or right digital video signals horizontally with respect to one another. Such adjustments may be desirable to accommodate variations in the video source material or in the viewer's Inter-Pupilliary Distance (IPD).
  • IPD Inter-Pupilliary Distance
  • FIG. 1 is a high level block diagram of a prior art two-dimensional video eyewear system.
  • FIG. 2 is a high level timing diagram for the prior art system of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a high level block diagram of a prior art three-dimensional video eyewear system.
  • FIG. 4 is a high level timing diagram for the prior art system of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a high level block diagram of a three-dimensional video eyewear system according to one example embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a timing diagram for the example embodiment of FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 7 is high level block diagram of an Inter-Pupilliary Distance implementation.
  • the left and right displays of a head mounted video eyewear apparatus are driven with two respective video signals that are derived from an input video stream.
  • the control signals, such as sampling clock inputs, to the two displays may be identical, and may have a clock period that is the same as for displaying 2D content.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of one such example implementation, with additional details shown in the drive electronics block 100 .
  • the incoming video signal 110 is here assumed to already be a digital video signal (if analog, however, an A/D conversion step (not shown) is included in the drive electronics 100 ).
  • Each row of input video is first written to a line buffer memory 120 .
  • the contents of the line buffer memory are read out in two streams 125 -L, 125 -R (one each for the left and right video channels), to a pair of digital scalers 130 -L, 130 -R.
  • the two scaled video signals feed a pair of video drivers 140 -L, 140 -R, which in turn feed left 150 -L and right 150 -R display elements.
  • the displays 150 -L, 150 -R may each be a Kopin CyberDisplay® WVGA LVS Display with an 854 ⁇ 480 resolution in a 0.44′′ diagonal form factor size.
  • Such a display 150 may be driven by a video driver 140 such as Kopin's KCD-A251 display driver Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the input video stream 110 may be a 480p color digital video signal with the pixels arranged in a “side by side” format.
  • the color digital video signal further consists of 3 channels (R, G, B), each channel having 8 bits of resolution.
  • the line buffer memory 120 is 24 bits wide.
  • the line buffer 120 may be implemented as a single buffer, a double buffer, or a pair of FIFOs.
  • the buffer 120 of whatever design, is often small enough to fit in an FPGA or similar programmable logic device, and may be integrated with other components of the display control logic.
  • digital scalers 130 there are a total of six digital scalers 130 used (one each for the R, G, B channels for each of the left and right displays), since interpolation of each color channel is preferably done separately from the other channels.
  • Digital scalers 130 “make up” the difference in horizontal resolution between the higher resolution display and now lower resolution input signal fed to each eye.
  • Digital scalers 130 can be implemented as a simple repetition of pixels in the horizontal resolution of the input video stream 110 and the two displays 150 .
  • scaling 130 can be implemented as a simple repetition of pixels.
  • more complicated scaling techniques such as linear interpolation may be used.
  • scalers 130 are preferably implemented in the digital domain, which may achieve better results than possible with the prior art methods of resampling an analog signal.
  • digital scalers 130 Some example considerations for the digital scalers 130 include the following:
  • Each display driver 140 typically includes one or more D/A converters and one or more video amplifiers.
  • FIG. 6 presents a timing diagram for this example implementation.
  • the sampling clock frequency need not be doubled as in the prior art methods.
  • the new method therefore does not increase the bandwidth requirement to the standard format displays, and therefore display performance is undiminished.
  • the 3D system may be selectively switched to a 2D mode by changing the scaling factor in the digital scalers. That is, instead of applying interpolation, the same buffer output, without scaling, is sent to each display 150 -L, 150 -R.
  • any of the 3D methods described above may be adapted to provide soft Inter-Pupilliary Distance (IPD) or convergence adjustments.
  • IPD Inter-Pupilliary Distance
  • the available resolution of the physical displays 150 may exceed that of the presented image in the input stream 110 .
  • “wide VGA” displays such as the Kopin CyberDisplay® WVGA mentioned above may have up to 864 active columns, but are often used to display content with horizontal resolutions of only 854, 768, 720, or 640 pixels.
  • the drive electronics 100 will typically center the active image horizontally and drive the inactive “side” pixel columns to black.
  • the position of the image can be moved horizontally within the active pixel array.
  • the 3D methods described provide independent signals to the two displays, it is possible to control the border sizes on left and right displays independently. For example, moving the left image to the right and the right image to the left would change the stereoscopic convergence and make the image appear closer to the viewer. In this way, the convergence of the stereoscopic images may be adjusted for optimal viewing via electronic controls, without requiring mechanical adjustments to the display or lens position. Such adjustments may be desirable to accommodate variations in the video source material or in the viewer's Inter-Pupilliary Distance (IPD). This can then affect the 3D depth perceived by the viewer.
  • IPD Inter-Pupilliary Distance
  • IPD adjustment 145 -L, 145 -R can be applied by shifting horizontal line of pixels for the left and right eye with respect to one another.
  • the user may be provided with an input to control the amount of IPD shift via an input 147 , such as a thumb wheel or other setting input, which, in turn, controls the shift amount.
  • the IPD adjustment need not depend on a particular scale factor, and indeed can be applied to other 3D video eyewear systems such as the systems that do not apply scale factors at all.
  • the horizontal shift may be performed before or after scalers 140 -L, 140 -R such as by changing the address from which the digital scalers 140 -L, 140 -R read from the line buffer memory 120 (as shown in FIG. 7 ) or by shifting the pixels in each eye after they are output by the scalers 140 -L, 140 -R.
  • the IPD adjust technique can be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
US12/945,976 2009-11-13 2010-11-15 Method for driving 3D binocular eyewear from standard video stream Active 2031-10-15 US9438896B2 (en)

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US8754931B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2014-06-17 Kopin Corporation Video eyewear for smart phone games
EP2582144A4 (en) * 2010-06-08 2015-06-24 Lg Electronics Inc IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD AND IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD
US20120120190A1 (en) * 2010-11-16 2012-05-17 Hung-Chia Lee Display device for use in a frame sequential 3d display system and related 3d display system
US20120120191A1 (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-17 Hung-Chia Lee Image processor for use in a frame sequential 3d display system and related 3d display system
US20130156090A1 (en) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Ati Technologies Ulc Method and apparatus for enabling multiuser use
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KR20140010823A (ko) * 2012-07-17 2014-01-27 삼성전자주식회사 영상 데이터 스케일링 방법 및 영상 디스플레이 장치
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Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for Int'l Application No. PCT/US2010/056671; Date Mailed: Jan. 12, 2011.

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11899212B2 (en) * 2019-03-29 2024-02-13 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Image display method and device for head mounted display

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US20110181707A1 (en) 2011-07-28

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