US940473A

US940473A - Evaporating apparatus.

Info

Publication number: US940473A
Application number: US46883908A
Authority: US
Inventors: John Parker
Original assignee: KESTNER EVAPORATOR Co
Current assignee: KESTNER EVAPORATOR Co
Priority date: 1908-12-22
Filing date: 1908-12-22
Publication date: 1909-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 1926-11-16

Description

J. PARKER.

EVAPORATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 22, 1908.

Patented Nov. 16. 1909.

amma,

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.-

4 4 JILL J. PARKER. EVAPORATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED DEC.22,1908.

Patented Nov. 16. 1909.

SHEET 2.

'lllti'lii ltfli) iii ii JOHN PARKER, or rmLAnELrnL/i. rnnnssavnma, essrsuon 're 'KES'INER EVAPO- nA'roR COMPANY, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, a COEPQBATION or PENN- SYLVANIA.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Join: lixuunu, a' sub jeet' of the King of Great Britain and ireland and the Isle of Man, residing in Phila- 5 delphia, Pennsylvania,have invented certain j of the steam or vapor produced from the i liquid during the process 'ofgconeentration; recover the entire liquid content, and insure that no entrained li uid is passed off with the steam or vapor discharged.

I My invention comprises certain improvements in what are known as climbing film evaporators; evaporator's in which a body of 1i(t1ld in the base of an externally heated tu e or series of tubes is carried upward therein under the influence of the vapor formed by the heat. These evaporators customarily of comparatively greatheight and discharge iquid and vaporiat their top. In the use of hese devices, the heated walls I; of theftiibe "brgtubes form vapor in the liquid, lowering its specifiogravity and causing itto rise lwhilethe progressive evolution of .morea'ntlunore vapor after a time converts the liquid mass into a climbin film of liquid, wetting the walls of the tu e and carried upward and forward by the current of .35 -vapor. If a current ofv vapor traverses such wa" gube at a-suiteble and relatively high velocity liquid in the tube is carried forward as a thin uniform layer along, the wall, and Where the tube is vertical this layer vwill form asubstantially uniform annular wetting film thereon. In the described ap )aratus, therefore,- the tubes may be described as being almost entirely vapor filled and film lined, the liquid climbing upward and as-it is sometimes expressed.

In the described types of apparatus, the concentration'of the liquid discharged at the v top of the tube or tubesmay he earried so Q0 far asmay be desired and the apparatus may ,work under atmospheric" pressure, vucumn or plus pressure/f Ordinarily, vaeuum'is empioyed. A series of such evaporators under thus filming the tube or t creeping upward EVAPORATI'NG APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent, P gmented NOV. 16, 1909.

Application filed December 22, 1808.

Serial No. 488,839.

dili'ereut pressures, may bear-ranged to o erate in \vlmtiis termed multiple efii'ect the vapors evolved in a prior evaporation umler-higlwr gn'essurebeing used to heat the liquidvin a succeeding evaporation under iou'er pressure. In such a series any fraction of the total eoiu-entration to be pro duced may be performed in any individual eti'ect.

In the descrilmd apparatus, because of the high duty of the heating surfaces and the relatively great quantity of vapor formed from the liquid in a given time unit,etlicient means arerequired for eli'eetin-g a separation of the vapor and liquid discharged from the effect. in the ordinary types of appuratus working'on this principle, this separation is eiieeted in a relatively high dome or separator surnmunting the effect.

in the present invention I have devised an improvement on this type whereby the evaporator may ,be of less total height, the vapor and liquid emerging from the top of the etfeet being carried downward in a suittable separating chamber and this separating s chamber being used to jacket the effect, thereby precluding losses by radiation from the effect itself. The upper ends of the tubes and their contents may be at a higher tez'uperature than the lower, or, in other words, there may be less temperature difi'erential between the tube contents and the .35 heating steam at the top than at the bottom, and sinre the most eiiicient operation of the apparatus depends upon substantially-uniform heating of the tubes, by prolonging the vapor chamber downward around the steam chamber, irregular condensation in the stoma chamber is prevented, radiation losses being precluded, and the heating in the evaporation tubes is made more uniform, \viththe result of greater ctiiciency in operation. The vapor in the vapor chamber is of about the same temperature as the liquid in the evaporation tube, but itdoes not absorb heat to the same extent, and the main conduction of heat from the steam jacket is, therefore, inward. Radiation losses from f the vapor chaiinher outward are not; so important and do. not disturb the effective working of the apparatus. In effect, the vapor chamber forms a thermal sheath 10" nround'moreor less of the evaporating por- Geog??? 1 from thevapor; the latter is conducted iroini .t. in each instance the inner edge oil-the vanes lies outside-the discharge area of the tubes, and the possible employment of the modified form of vane which extends nearly to the tuhe sheet is for the purpose of preventing the passage of vapor radially from the top of said tubes.- The covers illustrated are placed directly over the tubes, and they are of such diameter that all of the tubes may he readily examined from the top when such cover is removed. lly removing the bottom 4 casing containing the feed chamber well,

it is possible to examine all of the tubes from end to end, to clean them, and to place any defective ones.

Where the described apparatus is to he used as an element of a multiple eilect so paratus, the vapors passing outward throi h Jo ntly be conducted to the heating jacket a; a next succeeding effect in the usual way. Similarly, the heating vapor in the heating jacket, in lieu of being live or exhaiist steam, may be vapor fromanothor 'ii'ecediiig'effeet. Any desired degree of plus or minus I pressure may. of course, be maintained in the efiect; and generally the pressure in the evaporating chamber and the temperature of' the "steam or'vapor in'the heating acket will be so correlated as to produce a high rate of evaporation in the tubes.

For the purpose of removing any air that may exist in the upper port-ion of the casing surrouiuling the tubes, 1 provide the pipe 25 which leads from said steam space to the bottom part of the casing 10 having a valve v2U controlling the passage of such air to the casing 10, or to some suitable point atlower ressure. I

if desired, the chamber forn'ied by the

casings

10 and 13 which inclose the upper portion of the steam shell 2 within which the evaporating tubes 1 are mounted, may he extended to the bottonrof the same, and the steam inlet supplying the shellinclosing said tubes may pass through said casing. in

practice, however, I prefer t'oeinploy a structure substantially of the character and design shown.

The deflector or hafile plates 21 and 22 or slightly convex to insure the flow pf till liquid caught by the same to the gutter it), and the wall 15 of said gutter is apertured at if) for the passage of liquid from the lower plate. Iii desired. the battle plates may be disposed at a decided angle as indicated in Fig. 5.

A, single verticaltnbe will, of course. operate in the same manner the plurality shown. hot it i. preferable for structu'al reasons to employ a plurality of comparatively narrow tniiies in a single heating: casing.

While ii have desmihe and shown the vapor chamber inclosing the evaporating; as e i s u i E two casings l0 and t3: the the other. it. will be his whole sheathing straw tine Ci he made in oneipiece without do- .iarting ml invention: provision being made for can ling; and discharging the liquid in substantially the manner ioivn. The shell as described and as shown consists oi upper and lower sections of substantially the same iliameter. with an inter iodiate section of larger di meter having the steam in lot, with an expansion joint section di posed within the length of said shell I may, however. alter the shape of the enlarged section. and in some instances it may be no iamcter-than the other portions it i. and when employing metals of coeliicient of expansion for the e steam shell as well as the tubes, it: may unnecessary to employ the expansion sec in. in other instances it may be desirable to combine the expansion joint with the section having the steam inlet.

It is possible, in the use of the separating chainiier it have devised to omit the vanes from the cover or plate 11, the conical-or other contour of the same serving as a deflee-tor to throw the liquid with its attendant vapor against the Walls of the casing where by the desired separation is effected Other modifications of the structure shownas embodying my invention I deem to ice within the scope of the same and in,illusmid .-..tootl that t heating such structure I do not wislrto be limited in any sense to the precise form shown in the drawings, nor are my claims to be construed as limited to such structure.

I speak in certain of the claims of a tulmlar column, and this language is in tended a s le evaporating tube as well as a plurality of evaporating; tubes.

I claii i:

1. lln an evaporating apparatus, the combination of a heating chamber. a vertical evaporating tubular column, and 21 chamber ccnnnnnicating with, the upper end of said tubular column and surrounding; said heating chamber and having: crate outlets for. concentrated liqnid'and 01 vapor aflpoints the upper end of said tubular column.

In an evaporating appai'atumthc combiiation of a heating chamber, a vertical. evaporating tubular column therein, and a "chamber coi'itaining liquid separating devices communicating with the upper end of said tubular column and surrounding said heatingcharnbei' and having separate outlets for concentrated. liquid and for vapor at points below the upper end of said tubular column.

3. In an evaporating a parat us, the combination of a heating member, a vertical evaporating tubular column therein, and a chamber containing centrifugal liquid separating devices coimnunicating with the upper end of said tubular'coluinn and surrounding said heating chamber and having separate outlets for concentrated liquid and for vapor at points below the upper end of said tubular column.

4. In an evaporating apparatus, a steam chamber, a plurality of vertical tubes therein, means for feeding liquid to the base of such tubes, a chamber inclosing the upper and of the steam chamber and in open communication with the ends of the tubes to receive liquid and vapor therefrom, means for separating entrained liquid from the vapors in such chamber, and means for. separately removing concentrated liquid and va or at points below the upper end of said to. es. 7

5. In an evaporatin apparatus, a steam chamber, a plurality of verticaltubes therein, means for feeding liquid-to the base of such tubes, a chamber inclosing the upper end of the steam chamber and in open communication with the ends of the tubes to receive liquid and vapor therefrom, means for separating entrained/liquid from the vapor in such'chambei', means for conducting the liquid to'a point (ii /discharge below'the level of the top of the tubes and means for removing" vapors" at a point below the liquid discharge.

6. An evapogating apparatus comprising a plurality of vertical tubes, means for feed. ing liquid into the of such tubes, a steam jacket surrounding the tube nest, a chamber sui'inounting the tube nest and receiving concentrated liquid and vapor tl1erefrom, a depending portion of said chamber surrounding the steam jacket and means for separately"removing concentrated liquid and. vapors i'rdm said chamber at points below the uppen end of said tubes.

7. In an evaporating apparatus, a plurality of vertlcal evaporating tubes, a heating jacket surrounding said tubes, a vapor jacket surrounding; said heating jacket and receiving vapor from said tubes, and means for discharging vapor located at a low point of said vapox' jacket.

8. In an upward evaporator, a combined vapor and liquid receiver, a nest of tubes sleeve discharging liquid and vapor upwardly into said receiver, a heating jacket for said tubes,

means for separating the li mid and vapor,

, and means for conducting tie vapor downwardly around said jacket.

9. In upward evaporator, a plurality of evaporatin tubes discharging vapor and liquid upwardly, a heating jacket surrounding; said tubes, a liquid and vapor receiver above the tube series having" a downward extension surrounding the heating jacket and a vapor outlet insaid extension, a vaned entrainment; separator in said receiver above the tubes adapted to centrifugally'separate liquid and vapor and throw the former against the wall of the receiver, and an annular gutter receiving liquid flowing down the wall of said receiver.

10. In an upward evaporator, a series of evaporating tubes dischargin vapor and liquid upwardly, a heating jacket surrounding said tubes, a liquid and vapor receiver above the tubes having; a downward extension surrounding the heating jacket and a vapor outlet in said extension, a vaned e11- trainment separator in said receiver above the tubes adapted to centrifugally se arate l liquid and vapor and throw the ormer against the wall of the receiver, an annular gutter receiving liquid flowing down the wall o said receiver, and a series of apertuvecl plates spanning said downward extension and serving to pass liquid to said gutter.

.11. In. a vertical evaporating pan, the combination. of a heating chamber, eva p- VI crating tubes located therein, a separating 1.00 chamber surrounding the said heating chamher. and extending artly above the top of the evaporating tu es, and having outlets near and on the bottom for the vapors of evaporation and the separated liquors, and means for separatingthe liquorfroni the vapor. J

12, In a vertical evaporating pan, the combination of a heating chamber, evapcrating tubes located therein, a separating chaniber suvrounding the said heating chamber end extending partly above the top. of the evaporating tubes, and provided wit 1' a vapor outlet at a point below the top'l of of the said ,e cparating chamber above he vapor outlet, 2. deflecting plate or cover di- J, i-ectly ovev' the evaporating tubes for, the purpose directing the entrained liqubr to, said channel, and means for conducting said .120 liquor item the channel.

13. In a vertical evaporating pan,"the combinalion of a heating chamber, evaporating tubes located therein, a separating chainbefi surrounding said. heating chambefland extending partly above the top of the evaporating tubes and partly below, said chamber being provided with a vapor outlet at a point said tubes, an annular. channel on the in'dad'lb 9 liquid upwardly, a heating acket surround di we ftleplates'lf {fur nged to convey any entrained liquor to c'eiving channel.

u an upward evaporator, a plurality, ziporutlng tubes dischargingvapor and ing said tubes, :1 liquid and vapor receiver above the tube series having a downward exhaving a vapor out tension'surroundin the heating jacket, and

let in said downwerd extension a deflector of-substantially inverted conical, shape in said receiver above the tubes adapted to divert'the liquid and vapor discharged from said tubes and throw the former against theavcll of the receiver and provision fordischarging theliquid flowing down the wall of said receiver,

1' 15. In an evaporating apparatus, thecombination of a heating chamber, vertical evap orating tubes therein, and a chamber com-f municatin'g with the upper end of said tubes and surroundin the upper end of said heat-- below. the upper end of said tubes.

iug chamber an havin separate outlets ior concentrated liquid an for vapor ut ointe" l6. In an evaporating apparatus, the conibination'of a heating chamber, vertical eveporu ting tubes therein, and a chamber conteining centrifugal liquid separating devi communicating with the upper end of (1 tubes and surroundin the upper end of iiiid heating chamber and having separate ;-outlets for concentrated liquid dud for va or at points below the upper end of said tn 5. p 17. In a vertical eve crating pan, the com-v bination of a heating chamber, a plurality of evaporating tubes located therein, 'a separating chamber surroundin said-heating cha nbere nnd extending part y above the top of thegievaporating tubes and partly below said top, sziid separating chamber being provided with a v por outlet at-a point belUW the top of said ubes and having an annular receiving Qt nnel, a deflecting plate or cover dis- ,poded-direotly over sai eva crating tubes, sp l'l blades carried 10 said eflecting plate, add auxiliary battle p ates between said defleeting plate and the vapor outlet arranged ,"to/convey entrained liquid to the receiving channel. In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of. two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN PARKER;

-, Jos. H. KLEIN.