US939282A - Apparatus for manufacturing gas. - Google Patents

Description

B. LOOMIS.

APPARATUSPUR MANUFACTURING GAS,

APPLIOATION FILED FEB.2, 1806. L 939,282, Pabented NGV. 9, w09.

SSHSTS-SHEE' 1. Y

B. LDOMISL APPARATUS POR. MANUfAoTURING GAS,

. APPLICATION FILED F2152, 1906. 939,282, Patented Nov. 9, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

nuuloz attorney B. LOMIS,

y APPARATUS FORMANUFAGTURING GAS.

APPLIOATIQR FILED PEB. 2, 190s.

Patentedv Nov. 9, 1909.

Bunnnm Loomis',

'APPARATUS Fon MANUFACTURING Gael 'specification of Letters Patent.

or Hanrromi, coNNnericUT.

Patented No1/.9, 1909.

application mea February 2, 190e. serial No. 299,126. Y

To alll whom may concern:

Be 'it known that I, BURDnrr'Looms, Aa

Acitizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the co terial. v Y The 'object o f my invention is, more par-- .bagasse, spent beet-Pulp,

State ofjCoiinecticut, have invei ted certain new and useful' Improvements Apparatus for Manufacturing-Gas, 'of which lthe following is 'aspeciflcationl This linvention relates to apparatus for manufacturing gas from cheap,fwas te' maticularly, to provide a gas generator whichuis adapted for making gas4 from peat, garbage, sawdust and other Waste material containing ay large-per cent. 'of.water, and in which the excess of moistureis vaporized andvc'arried off by 'the out'- golng hot. gas before such material is fed own to the gas makingzoneand gasiled.

One o f the special objects of my invention is to provide for economically and effectively driving ofl the -excess of moisture in' gas making material by -hot gas which ispassed ,off from the generating chamber.

Another object of my invention is to provide ,for economically 'drying and feeding the-dried material to the top and bases of the generating chambers,

' nerator, aft, so that the body offdried material in one feeding and drying chamber may be gasified while another body of fresh, moist material inthe other feeding'and drying chamber is beinggdried by the outgoing hot S *Another object, of myA invention is to proin a two cliambered videfor heating an' which is separately used in the drying and gasifyin'g operation; also to produce, incidentally, charred material by means of the .out-going hot gases.

The apparatus may be operated in al va- 'riety Vof ways for'niaking the particular kind, or quality of gas desired.

"The matter constituting my invention will be defined lin the claims.

The construction and operation paratus will be understood by reference to "the accompanying drawings, in which;`

Figure l, represents a longitudinal vertical section with parts in elevation-` "Fig represents a vertical section: ofthe generator and 'connected drying bers, on enlargedsca tion.v Fig. 3 represents a 'rear/elevatlon' of unty of Hartford and and to periodically reverse the can be moved along.

. pump A to the top of of my apshown in Fig. 1. ings may bey placed-a series of remova andi` distillingAl cham-f the apparatus, showing part ofi the gen- Ieratora condenser, air blower, scrubber and holder.

Peat, as taken from tlie'b'og, 'T to 85 percent. of water and contains from cannot be suecessfully gasified in that conditionl in the vor v,generatorby reaordinary gas-prodiicer, son of the excess of moisture. I wish-,how-

'hminary drying operationv in a special apparatus which involves muchwloss of time and much expense for handling, and torapadapted for motive power' and heating purposes, from crude, raw material, suchj .as

therefore devised an apgradually fed .down to the gasifying zone-in thel generating chamber while -it is be' dried and distilled by contact therewithucliiT vthe outgoing chamber.

I will rst describe apparatus -adapted for rapidly, taking peat from a. bog, storing it in drying bins or cribs, cutting it and delivering. it by a hot air blast and blower-elevator into a 4separating hopper, whereby much of the water is preliminarily removed.

I preferably employ a centrifugal pump A and a rotary cutter or excavator'A1 having al jointed driving shaft a and a' jointedl exhaust pipe a', the cutter head being located in the peat box X, and the pump on a'barge B1 or' any suitable supporting base ,which An electric 'motor B lmay be connected directly with Athe shaft meshing with a similar gearjon lthe sha-ft .b which is flexibly connected to the shaft a. .A delivery pipe a1, leadsfrom'the a sterili and drying crib C where it is provided'wit a discharge spout a arranged centrally at the top vof Ithe crib. The crib C is constructedwith a vertical framework and with cross slats or bars c, providing Ventilating .openings as In -the Ventilating openlesustaining bars c to keep the moist peat from packing into a close mass. These 'barsmay be removed nearthe bottom .as material is fed downward( -Any desired`,.nuiiibe1' of e, 'with parts. in .eleva cribsniay be provided ai'idtheyv moved intoplace on wheels ,orf

ever, to avoid the long andjexpensive pre idly and economically make gas, which -is hot gasfrom the generating' of the pump and be provided with-aear b lriving nected with `it a b ower-elevatorE by means ings i and tight fitting covers z,

crib is provided at the lower end with a discharge lchute-c" and-With a sliding' damper thei'haterial is used. A crib being in proper p and conveyer trough D, supported von a" frame d, may be arranged under the chu-te c" for conveying the peat to Athe revolving cutter D1 which is also su ported on theA frame-d. In the trough 'is placed a conveyer belt d passing over 'rollers and adapted for conveying p ea'tto the cutter D1. This cutter is provided with suitable driving caring df and 'has conposition .a feeding ofwhich theiinaterial,` as cut, will beblown by air blast up through he; e into the elevated hopper" A hot air pipe L1, 'leading 'from a condenser, connects with the blower E to assist 'indrying the material. The hopper F is supported on a frame F1 andjs provided atthe top with a wire cloth screen fand at its lower end with `a sliding danper orvalve f. The screen f will permit the escape of air and vapor but will rel tain the eat The material may be dis- "charged rom the hopper in a condition into a pile, fr on t iioor W, convenient to the upper ends of the fdr-ying and distilling chambers as shown in Figll.v 1 'V Y My generator, proper,

com rises the .two chambered cupola generator" and the two 'bers G1, 2, andthe necessary connections,

supply y' and outlet pipes. The generator G is made oblong in cross section toward the top and below is divided by a transverse vertical partitio H into the two fuel cham# ibers g and g and each of these is provided, atthe base, with a horizontal extension or `neck, g,fg. The generator G and side vchambers G1 and-G2 are constructed with `tition H is made with a double iron jacket, having anintervening air space, `and interior brick linings. I n the 'brick-work at the base of the'partition are placed ltheair yinlet pipes H1, having ports or twycrs Inh, The top of the generatoris, preferably, provided with two fuel supply' openings h, having tight'closing lids y, y. The outer openings of `the'necks g, g-- are closed by tig t fitting doors y y@ The necks are made strong and vsuitably archedto support the drying and dist-illingv chambers G1, G1, which connect therewith by the contracted openings g1. rIhe chainbers G1, AG2 are constructed with iron shells and brick'linin'gs and are, preferably, -made 'mlb-about twice the height of the, generator,-to better utilize-the heat of the out- They are made with upper openoing gas.

with side removal of drie -heater K.' To the stems delivery pipe p artly driedv ie working o, having connectin fuel-drying and distilling chamiron-shells and brick linings, and the parand with lower o' enings and doors efor"y .material and charcoal. f The openings a ande/ will be of any deieces of .charred material. `Nea of chambers G1, Gr2 are lconnected the gas outlet pipes J, J1, and connecting with the 'condenser and air of Athe yvalves 'are connected the operatin leVerSjV'm'Ounted on stands-on the floor The condenser K is constructed `of a cylinsired size-and height for removingllarge I' t e openings and doors" e atthe iioor level W1,

tops providedwith valves y,

drical shell, with upper and* 'lower tube sheets connectedA byA tubes k, and providing' 8'6- p 'chambers Ak and lo c. An air supply i e L, leading from a blower M, connects with the lower end o f chamber .c., and an outlet fpipe'L1 connects with the upper'V end thereo and leadsto the' blower elevator El A branch p ipeL2 maytake part of the hot air to the air inletpipe H1 connecting with the base of the yGenerator. AA branch pipeLB may take -air` irectly from the blower t'oy pipe H1. A pipe J2 takes as from-the base of condenser K, to the asel of the wet scrubber N. A pipe' n, having a valve In', leads from the'top ofthe scrubber to the exhauster O, froin'which a vdischarge pi e a valve o', leads into the holder In using'g'arba e and other refuse it is placed in a detac able tightreceptacle, or tank P, having a hinged door p, andj a pivoted bail p', yand adapted to be mounted. on a truck or'wagon P1, for transportation to the gas plant, as shown in Fig. 2, yA hoistingA rope 'having ends Q', q, `provided with hoo s, is engaged with the bail and an eye on thedoor for elevating tank P tothe top of either -chamberGi'jor G2 and discharging the contents therein'. The rope 'g passes over' av pulley rf o a. 'trolley-R which is provided with whee i theelevated rail S. The chanibe be filled or. charged with fresh'nioistV teria'l when vali-'e j-is `closed and gasis 'being' drawn olf through. chamber G2 and valve j', into the top of condenser K. In a similar manner the chamber G r2 will be chargedwhen chamber G1 isclosed and gas. is being drawn oft' throughit and valve y' into the condenser.

upper and lower gas and a 'tube chamber provide perforated cylerforated bottomsy and,

indersv P2, having p near the top, bolts with which are connected 'the leyes or loops of'a swinging bail pf as clearlyv shown in Fig. 9.., Since theties Ior other sticks of' timber are to be charred 'only on the youter surface they are preferably placed only in the upper half of one or both of the chambers G1,G2 as shown. Inwardly projecting 1 roo- `lor

iio

iis

izo'

laterally projecting studs or then anotherV cylinder .set

.charred material may, on removal from the chamber G2, be placed in an airtight pit or other receptacle out offcontact with theair. The charcoal'made inthe chambers G1, Gr2

'may at any time be withdrawn through the doors a 'and stored in tightchambers for separate use or sale as desired.y

I may use two .or more condensers like that shoivn at K, or'vof any other approved vstyle which is `adapted for condensingthe 'volatile material in the out-going las so' as to'niake and save the largest possibl amount of tar-Water. 'This tar-Water Willvbe sepal rately treated for obtainin'givood alcohol andy other products.

The-air blowerM is connected by pipe L withv the lower en d of the tube chamber c and the airwill circulate around the tubes /c ivhile hot 'gas will pass A heating the air, which is pipe L1 and used as above described.

In practice suitable means Will be provided fOrdraWing off tar-Water from the condenser and storing it in closed tanks.

-. In operating the apparatus fires are kindled, in both chainbers'g and g sup lied with fuel` and burned with natural dra ttill Well ignited, the products 'escapingthrough the fuel openings L, after which the doors and lids are closed and the air-blower M started,

forcing'` airthrough pipes H1 and tivyers I1, h into both beds of fuel.` Thev exhauster -O may noiv bestarted and gas drawn otf through the distilling and dryingchamber G1, pipe J, thecondenser K and scrubber N.

At any suitable time the chamber G1 will be` charged Awith moist Waste material so that the hot gas ivill be drawn through it. Thilel gas is being drawn 'through chamber- G1, the.

chamber G2 may be ,charged Wit-h fresh ma-v terial. In continuing the operation the air blast may be admitted onlyl to the-cliamber g of the generator and passed up. through the fuel therein, thence 'down through the fuel in chamber g Wherel `m5v contained carbon diomd will be'converted linto carbon nionoxid, and hydrocarbon or'other vapors ivill be converted into fixed gas. This gas.

is` then passed up through chamber G1 Where it acts on the moist material to dry and distil the saine and carries the volatile distil' lates off through pi e J, thence through the condenser and scrub er. The volatile matter will'be condensed into crude tar-Water in the admitted into into charcoal by The gaseous products Atanyd'esired time one of the [G may contain about condenser K.. At any suitable time after 'the Gl-has been partially distilled and charredthe valvej-1s lclosed and the valve chamber v will now pass up through chamber g and down through cham- .ber g- Wherev the reactions 4above mentioned will take place, and the.- hot gas willthen` pass up throuvh'the material in chamber Gt thereby distilIing and charrin the' same. -oors 2 may be opened and dried material drawn out and fed through 'the 'fuel openings h', onev or both, into the 'top ofthe generato'xjG so 'as' to maintain 'the fuel at a. level above the top of the partition H and, preferably, 4at a height about .midway between the top of the partition H and the"to' rator. The materialfed intothe generator this will be suthcient to vyield the desired p of the geney" is opened,-a'nd air will be g of the generator;

QO-'to 30% of water;

proportion of hyc'lrgen to the whole volume' qt gas produced. lf'hile 'gas is being drawn off through chamber G2 'some of the vapors which are .being evolved in chamberGl.will be drawn through the beds of fuel in the. chambers g and gf and converted into fixed gas. In a like manner vapors may be drawn from the chambers G2 .through -both beds of fuel when gas is being passed 0E through the chamber' G1. The direction ofthe draft and flow ofgas through lthe chambers will bereversed at such-intervals or periods as are found to. give the best/results, according to the condition of the fuel in chamber G and theA material 'in chambers 'G1 and G2. In .large cities and other pla-ces inucli'drv Waste material such' as paper, paste-board,' excelsior, sticks of Wood, etc., will be Afed directly through the top openings zinto the generator. l

Having thus described my invention', what'v I claim; anddesire to secure by Letters Pat ent, 4 1.I A cupola' gas-generator having' at the topa -fuelsupply opening, and at the ba`se,-;a

-horizontalextension chamber provided with' a door, a charring, or dr ing` and distillin chamjbe'r'mounted on, 'andx cpening into sai let pipe for gas and vapor and means for supplying air to the generator, substantially fas described.

2. The combination with a 'gas generator and a charring and distilling chamber con- 115 extension chamber and having lan upper outnecting with the base thereof and having a gas outlet pipe, of meansvfor heating air, a

blower elevator having a moist fuel supply,

a pipe connecting the air heater lWith said,

elevator, and a delivery pipe therefrom,for'" elevating and drying the moist material, substantially as described. l

3. The combination with a gas'generator and a connecting charring and distilling v c 939,282 chambenhaving a lgas outlet pipe, ot a conl voter and -a` pipe leading' fromv the latter to nectmg'ges condenser and air heater, means said hopper, substantially as described, 35 for supplying air thereto, a blower `elevator 7.-A tWo-chambered cupolaD gas-generator 4having a moist fuel supply, nnda pipe conl havinga transverse partition rising tiromthe 5 neting the air heater with said'elevator for bottom nnd'each chamber having a horizoneleyating anddrying lthe 'moist'mnterial in tal'extensi'on ornejck provided withtan enter transit, substantially as described, door, a distillingal'id-charring chamber v con- 40 f fl-.' 'l`he conibinzition 'with al gas generator Lnecting with 'each neck and having at the top vand a @herring and distillin chamber con- "ff-a valied'gas outletpipe, f1l tubular' condenser necting with the base thereo and having a i and air heater havingannpper gas chamber` gas outlet pipe, ot a hopper above said vcharwith 'whichsaid *outlet pipes connect, said 4ring chamber, e.l 'blower elevator having al distilling chambers havingy :teed openings 5 moist fuel supply and air `inlet pipe, 'and a l:- end lids at the top, substantially as described.- I delivery pipepconnecting the blower elevator .8.' The combination With-a two-chalnbered i5 with said hopper, substantially esdescribed.y gas-generatorhaving a uelopeningfat the y The' combination with Aa gas generator i top and each 4chamber having'anair-Supply ,and a connecting charring and distilling "l pipe at the bottom and also a horizontal ex- 50 hilber, hailingl a gas outletpipe, of a coli'- l tension rneckhaving an"y outer opening andy rkmeeting gasfcondenser and air heater, means i door, Vofttvo vertical dist-illing and chan-ing 20 `for vsupplying air thereto, a cutter for moist l chambers connecting with said necks, a tubumaterial, e connected blower-,elevatorand a largas condenser and air heater, 'gas outlet 'pipe connecting the air heaterwith said ele-` pipes, each havinA -a Valve, connecting the 55 -Vator forelevating and drying the moist mnteiial,` substantially as described,A

6; The combination with a gas generator .andA a connecting charring and distillingl cnamber,having a gas outlet pipe, of la. connectingggas-condenser and air heater, means er supplying airy thereto, e v cutter' and 304 blower-elevator, a separate hopperlieving a perforated screen and mounted above the f clisti'lling chamber, e pipe iter hot air conf nectingthe condenser' with the bloWer-ele-- A 'tops of said distlhng chambers with-the gas chamber of the 'condenserfand an exhauster connecting with'` the lower end 4of thecondenser, substantially as described.` 1 i K Intestimony whereof I aiiix my signature 6o in presenceof twogwitne'sses.

-B UiznimrLentils.

Witnesses: l l

' Hsnnrson B. FREEMAN, JL, G, L. LooMIs. I i

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