US93232A - Improvement in steam-generators - Google Patents

Description

sILAs c. sALis-BURn-OPNEW Yon-K, rar.-

Laim Patna 1r. 93,232, dated Augier 3, 1869.4

IMPnovnMnNT m sTnAM-GnNnRATons.

' The Schedule referred to in these Lettera Patent and making part ol' the same.

To all *whom it may concem Be it known that I, Sims C. SALIsBUnr, of the city of New York, in the county of New York, and State of New York, have invented a new and improved Steam-Generating Furnace; and I- do hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, and of its mode ormanner of operation, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, and making a part of this spccicatiou.

The objects of this invention are, to economize the use of fuel for generating steam, and render the same as effective as possible by utilizing the gases, and securing their more perfect or complete combustion, and

by the constructionand arrangement of a part of the water-chamber. to greatlyjncrease the fire-slu'faceof the boiler and its steam-generating capacity, and with Ellie combustion of a comparatively small quantity of Figure 1 is a perspective view of a horizontal locomotive-boiler, with a portion broken away, to show more clearly the application of my invention in connection therewith.

Figure 2 is a vertical section of iig. l, through the line a a.

Figure 3 shows a modification, or different construction of the inner portion of the boiler forming the firechamber. p

The external construction of the boilerA, and of the outer water-chamber B, is substantially the same as in boilers heretofore constructed, the water-chamber extending around the fire-chamber, and having, when required, water-legs b li ou the sides of the fire-chainber.

, The entire furnace C is placed inside the boiler, or between its water-legs or their equivalent, as iu ordinary cases; 'and the grate cr grate-bars D are substantiaily like those generally used, except that the openings or air-passages therein should be as numerous and large as possible, and be often separated or divided from each other, so as not only to supply large quantities of air to the bottom of the fire, but also .divide the air, as it is admitted to the nre, into' numerous cui-rents.

The fire-chamber G, which may properly be called the 'preparing-chamber of thefurnace, instead of being directly in contact with, or its walls forming the'inner walls of the nain water-chamber B, is placed within an outer or combustion-chamber, and separated some little distance from the main or outer'portion of the boiler, as shown more plainly in iig. 2. y

' Such chamber is formed by, or is within a shell or hollow chamber, E, which is made of boiler-iron, firmly'y YYriveted together and braced, and of the shape required i ordesired for a nre-box, the plates forming such shell being generally about two inches apart. The space orcharnber between such plates is a water-space or chamber, within which the water ofthe boiler is heated, and through which it circulates, such shell or inner water-chamber connecting with the main or outer" water-chamber, as follows: At either side of such shell or chamber E, and near the bottom, two or more'tubes or pipes, c c, extend from such shell, and connect with and open into the main or outer waterchamber, or its water-legs b b, and similar tubes or pipes, d d, extend from the top of such shell, and open into the main water-chamber A, above the furnace. The shell or inner watercha'mber E will thus be kept continually full of Water from the main or -onter chamber'T and as the water in such shell becomes heated, it rises, and passes out through the tubes d, d into the outer waterfchamber, while at the saine timethe water from such chamber rushes into the inner chamber or fire-shell E, through the pipes c c. A constant and active circulation of the whole body of the water in the boiler is thus se: cured, and such circulation is, constantly toward and in contact with that part of the boiler where the heat is the greatest andthe evaporation is most rapid.. The tubes (l (l, extending from lor near the top ofthe,` shell E, into the water-chamber above it, should be sufficiently numerous andlarge enough to allowv the water to be freely and rapidly discharged through them; but they should not be so numerous but that the water will pass from the inner to the outer waterchar'nber 'with a considerable force or pressure, so as to insure a more rapid circulation of the Whole body. 'ihe-wallsof such shell or water-chamber E are also perforated with numerous, holes, scattered over their entire surfaces to within about a foot ofthe bottom, as shown in lig. l, and which are fitted with tubes c e, iig. 2, of about an inch, or thereabout,- in-dia1neter, properly swaged or tightly fixed in such openings.

'lhese tubes forni the means of connection between the fire or preparing-chamber G and the outer or coin-v bns'tion-cbamber F. The direct action of the burning fuel is thus rendered effective, not only upon the Wallof the irecharnbe'r or the innerplate of the water chamber E, but also upon the surfaces of the tubes e e, by the passing of the heated products of combustion through them, and the fire-surface of the boiler directly acted on by the burning fuel, isthns increased by the extent of the surface of all such tubes.

For about a foot from the bottom ofthe rechamber or furnace C, the sides or Walls of such chamber El are' pierced, and tted with .about three-eighths inch tubing, f f f, and which are placed about two' inches apart or distant from each other.'v 'These are air-tubes, for the admission of air into the fire or preparing-chamber C, such air being supplied or admitted through suitable and sniicient openings, g g, in the bottom. Surrounding such lower part of the chamber- E, and covering the mouths.of the tubes f f f, I place wire gauze or loosely-woven asbestos-cloth, to divide or fractionize theair as it passes through such tubes into and upon the burning fuel, and also to heat it as it passes to the fuel. By means of such tubes, air is continually furnished to the iire or preparing-chamber, and enters such. chamber in small or divided jetson every side of the burning fuel, and at or near the top thereof', and at different points below, and is thus presented to and distributed through everypart of the burning fuel.

To such fire or preparing-chamber G, there is also admitted, through or by `means of a pipe, h, extending underneath the openings g g, and opening into them by means of small perforations or jets, steam or superheated steam, (taken from the boiler, or any convenien't or suitable source,) which becomes decom. posed in passing into or on entering such chamber, lfurnishing additional oxygen, and also hydrogen, and thereby assisting to perfect a more complete c `mbustion of the fuel.

By thus supplying the lire or preparing-chamber on every side thereof, and on .the top of,4 andat different points ofthe burning fuel, with divided jets of air and decomposed or decomposing steam, the decarbonization ofthe fuel commences, and is carried on from the top and from the outside of the furnace, instead of principally from the bottom; but at the same time theA intense heat penetrates the centre, and completely effects theV same results there. heat is t-hus produced, and with a comparatively slow combustion of fuel; and as. such combustion is carried on most actively from the top and sides of the fire, the under-surfaces of the grate-bars, notwithstanding the great intensity of the heat, remain quite cool, comparatively, and consequently will last much longen than they could, under ordinary circumstances, with a re of a much lessintensity.l

The combustion-chamber F is outside of, and surrounds the fire or preparing-chamber C, communication between wthese two being solely through or by means of' the small tubes or pipes e e, which pass through thel inner water-chamber E. The carbonio oxides and products of combustion, formed in the fire or preparing-chamber, by passing through' the tubes e e, are divided into numerous small currents, and enter such combustion-chamber at many different angles, and are thus caused to come in more complete and intimate contact with, and thereby be more effeetually mixed with the jets of air `and steam which enter such chamber, as well as the fire or preparing-chamber.

Air and steam are suppliedto the combustion-chamber F through the same openings g g, and by means of the same steam-pipes h, which supply the air an steam to the {ire-chamber.

A perforated plate or diaphragm, i, placed just above the series of air-tubes j' f f, allows the air and steam entering below to pass upward, part of it into the combustion-chamber, at the same time dividing the air and steam so entering the combustion-cliam- 1 ber into numerous currents, so as to insure their more general distribution among and mixture with the pro-' ducts of combustion and gases entering such chamber from the lire or preparing-chamber. Such diaphragm also serves to arrest or obstruct the passage upward of the air and steam, and defleets the larger portion backward and downward, and causes? them to enter the re or'preparing-chamber, through the tubes f f f, for the purposes specified.

Y The air becomes heated while passing to the combustiomchamben and is rendered lighter than the A very intensified' carbonic oxides continually being poured into such chamber from the fire-chamber, and an immediate chemical union and utilization pf such gases of coal, air, and steam, takes place, and their complete com bustion is produced. y

The pressure andrvelocity of the steam escaping upward from the pipes It, also produces or causes an increased draught, and consequently an increased amount of oxygen is carried in and supplied 4to both the-fire and combustion-chambers.' Actual experiment has proved that such use of steam, in such chambers, adds greatly to the economy produced by the general comf bination'.

The quantity of air and steam supplied to the fire and combustion-chambers is governed and regulated by a sliding-plate, soy arranged as to graduate or vary the size of the openings g g.

The heat and products of combustion, after leaving the combustion-chamber, pass off, through the tubes. b b, into the smoke-stack or chimney.

By thus making a part of the boiler form the firechamber, or chamber in which the fuel is burned, and placing such part of the boilerbetween the twochambers of the furnace, communication between which is by means of fire-tubes passing thronghthat part of the boiler making the fire-chamber, an intense heat is made effective upon both sides of a comparatively small body of water, and also in many directions through such body of water, thereby causing large and rapid evaporation; and by means of the connecV -tion between the inner and outer water-chambers of the boiler, a continuous and rapid circulation of the whole body of water in both chambers is going on, and cvery portion of the water brought in contact with the most intensely heated surfaces. A largely increased evaporation or production o'f steam is thus obtained, and by the consumption of a comparatively small qnantityof fuel. i

Fig. `3 shows another construction of the inner water-chamber, or shell of the fire-chamber, the aetion and operation of which are the same as when the inner water-chamber is made as before described. Such fire-chamber, shell, or inner water-chamber, as represented in tig. 3, consists of a series of horizontal tubes, ll, generally about two inches in dia-meter, and placed about an inch from each other, which connect at either cud with, and open into hollow arched chambers H H, such chambers connecting with the main or outer water-chambers at the bottom, by means of tnbesm lm., and at the top, by other tubes, n. n.v Circulation from the outer to the inner water-chamber, and through the latter, and from that into the former, is substantially the same, though perhaps not quite so rapid, as when the inner water-chambcr'is constructed as shown in figs. 1 and 2. A covering of heavy wire cloth upon the outside of the tubes l l serves to more effectually divide into separate currents the carbonio oxides and products of combustion, as they pass from the fire to the combustion-chamber, and thus prepare them to be more easily and completely mixed and combined with the air and steam entering that chamber.

By the use of a furnace and boiler thus constructed, the escape of sparks is prevented, the small particles of fuel escaping from the firefchambe'r are consumed in the combustionchamber, and consequently the tlues are but little, if any, injured by themrthe firebox or chamber is farless likely or liable to be burned ont than when ordinary furnaces are used, and thus a great saving'in repairs is effected; there is far less liability to injury and breakages,from or by reason of the. great strain produced by extreme contraction and i expansion, when one plat-e is kept lso very hot and the other 1s comparatively cool, as in ordinary boilers; and as the water is rapidly conveyed to the hottest vwater-chamber of a boiler, of an inner water-chamber,

forming the shell of the fire-chamber, such inner' and outer water-chambers being connected together, substantially as described. l

. 2. The arrangement, in combination with sneh an inner water-chamber, forming the fire-chamber, of the fire-'tubes e e, passing through such substantially as described.

waterchamber,

, 3. The combination of the -portion of the waterohalnber of` aboiler within the furnace-chamber, or between -that part of the furnace where the coal is burned and that part where the gases andproducts of combustion are consumed, substantially as described.- 4. The combination, with a boiler consisting of two water-chambers, an inner and an' outer, connected to gether, of a furnace, having two, ol a preparing and combustion-chamber, when the inner Water-chamber' is between the preparing and combustion-chambers of the furnace, and the combustion-chamber of the furnace is between the inner'and outer Water-chambers, substantially as herein set forth.

SILAS- C. SALSB'URY;

" Witnesses: A

S. D. LAW, FRED. B. SEARS.

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