US654888A - Steam-generator. - Google Patents

Description

No. 654,888. Patented lu'ly 3|, 1900. .1. GIBDUX. I

STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application filed Nov. 29, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

am: Jase 2/2 $702M No. 654,888. Patented July 3|, I900.

" J. GIRUUX.

STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application filed Nov. 29, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' min STATES PAT NT OFFICE.

JOSEPH GIROUX, on NEW YORK, N. Y., AssIeNoRoF ONE-HALF To FREDERIO TETREAU, on SAME PLACE.

sTEAM-cENEmiToa.

srnorrrcarron forming part of Letters mat it... 654,888, detect any 3 1, 19cc.

Application filed November 29, 1899. Serial No."738r725. (No model.) A

To all z'uhom it may co tcerr'z: I V

Be it known that I, JOSEPH GIROUX, a cit i-, zen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York, State of New York,'have' invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Generators, of which the following is a specification, refer ence being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to a steam-boiler or steam-generating apparatus; and it has for one object to produce steam in its most effect We form for the performance of work toproduce what is hereinafter termed live steam, meaning not superheated or so-called dry, steam, but, as indicated, steam in its most perfect or gaseous form.

' A further object of the invention is to retain the steam at its normal temperature of generation, and consequently at the greatest degree of elastic force, by surrounding or inclosing the discharge for the steam by a water-space'which prevents the temperature of the steam from being raised above that'ot the surrounding water. This construction also prevents any condensation from reduction of temperature.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter appear inthe following description, and the novel features thereof will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a substantiallycentral vertical section of an apparatusembodying my invention. Fig. 2is a horizon: tal section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section, on a larger scale, of one of the water-tubes, showing the manner of removably connecting them with the fire sheet or sheets of the apparatus; and Fig. 4 is an inverted plan of the grate. j

Like letters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several figures of the draw 1ngs.-

Upon any suitable base or foundation A, which mayor may not, as desired, formthe walls of the-ash-pit A, there is mounted shell B, which may be cylindrical or of any other configuration. Within this shell is arranged thewall O of the heating-chamber, which in this instanceconforms with the outline of the exterior shell, which is cylindrical,

proper of the apparatus.

seats to form an annular water'leg or chairiber 0. Of course if the outline of the shell isother than cylindrical the outline'of the wall or fire sheet 0 would conformtherewith, so as to produce a surrounding water-leg. p "The shell B is provided with a crown orcap sheet B, which although herein shown asbei'ng fiat may be dome-shaped orconical or lot any other superficial outline desired, and

the outlines of the various elements of my invention may'be'varied to suit the'different circumstances under which the invention -is used so long as the relative relation of the various heating and steamcontaining compartments exists substantially as herein shown. So, also, there may be added to the structure herein illustrated any usual form of stays, bracings, or stay-bolts, as desired.

Within the annular wall or fire-sheet 0 there is arranged a cylindrical'fire-sheet D, and an annular crown-sheet E is employed for closing at the top the space between the sheets .O'and D, which space constitutesthe heating or combustion chamber F "of thegenerator Within the firesheet D is arranged a cylinder G, forming a chamber H, which may be termed the steam chamber or drum of the apparatus. A space D is produced between the'sheet D and the cylinder G, which space constitutes a central N ow, if desired, a pipe annular water-leg. or pipes D may be employed to provide a connecting -jpassage from the inner to the outer water-leg, thus facilitating the circulation of water throughout the above-mentioned water spaces or legs. Within the steam cylinder or chamber Hthere is extended a livesteam pipe, terminating at about the central ;portion of said chamber and of the fire-chamber of the apparatus. The steam-pipe I'may be maintained in a central position by the .1186 of any suitable connections, including a stuffing-box I and a spider or spidersl While the pipe I may be alone employed,

still, if desired, another similar live-:steam :pipe J connected in a similar manner, but

passing out under the generator, may be employed either alone or in conjunction with the pipe I, as desired. In the one case live steam will be taken out of the generator at the top and in the other case out at the bottom; but in either case it will be taken from the' central portion of the fire-chamber, and herein is an important feature of myinvention, because the steam is at the same temperature as the water which surrounds it at the point of its entrance into the dischargepipe. It is not superheated, whereby a per.

centage of its elasticity is destroyed. Neither is it wet, whereby the same objection to a certain extent exists; but the steam is in its most perfect or gaseous form,whereby it isenabled the steam as it enters the chamber H will to perform its greatest amount of work. A further advantage secured by taking the steam from this point consists in the obviation of hammering resulting from condensation in the supply-pipe and in the cylinders of the engine. It will be noted that as the steam forms in the upper part of the apparatus it gains access to the central steamchamber through the apertures G, formed in the wall G thereof, and that any moisture in be gradually driven therefrom as the steam passes down to or below the central portion.

The expulsion of the moisture from the steam is insured by the fact that it is constantly advancing toward the hottest part of the apparatus. Again, this circuitous route of the steam from the upper portion B the ordinary'steam-dome of a boiler, down the central chamber G and up the pipe Inecessarily prevents the outgoing steam from lifting or carrying the water from the generator into the supply-pipe and cylinder of the motor.

In other words, siphoning the water from the boiler is prevented by this circuitous route. While steam will not condense in the chamber H, still after shutting down and cooling off the steam within the cylinder at that time will condense, and therefore I provide a petcock H for drawing off such water of condensation;

tion of the tube.

As thus far described an apparatus is pro-- ed, and this serves to maintain a circulation in the tubes. I

The lower portion of the fire-chamber is lined with fire-brick L and is provided with a clinker-door L arranged below the stokehole B 3. Within the lower portion of the firechamber is the grate M. This grate is annu-' lar and has an opening M for the passage therethrough of the central annular water-leg, steam-chamber, and supply-pipes hereinbefore described. The central portion of the grate is conical, as shown at M and at the base of the same merges into the horizontal portion M which isprovided at its under I surface withxa seriesof'cogs or teeth M and a plane surface M (see Fig. 4,) which serves, in connection with rollers M to movably support the grate, while a pinion M and a crank or otherpower-conveying device serve to rotate the grate. By this means it will be seen that fuelmay be deposited upon any part of the grate through a single stoke-hole or feedopening and that any portion of the grate may be brought opposite the clinker door or doors for the removal of clinkers therefrom. The fuel may be fed byhand-or by the use i of any well-known form of mechanical stoker,

(represented at N.) I

, While it is apparent that the door in the ash-pit A may serve as a means of furnishing draft for the consumption of fuel upon the grate, it is not the purpose of my invention to utilize such draftalone to producethe perfect combustion which my invention has in view. To the extent to which I utilize the .draft from below the grate it may and will 'be produced by any suitable connection to any desired uptake directly orindirectly connected with the generator.

As hereinbefore stated, one of the important features of my invention isthe provi-- sion of means for producing the most perfect combustion possible.

With this obj ect in vided which will deliver live steam 1n a most advantageous condition for use; but if-itbe .desired to increase thesheating-surface of the apparatus a series of-water-tubes K may be employed, and these may be of any desired form and arrangement; but I prefer to use a form of tube illustrated clearly in Fig. 3. These tubes are screw-threaded into sockets K, riveted or otherwise secured to the outer surface of the fire-sheet O, and these sockets have annular flanges K forming a seat forthe packing K of any desired material which will render the joint waterproof. Each of the tubes has an annular thickened yvall K at its connecting end which is exteriorly screw-threaded to fit the'threaded socket K. A portion of this thickened wall projects into the fire-space, forming a wrench-hold K which facilitates the removal and introduccylinders; butlprefer to taper them-,as sh own, whereby the lesser body of water at and near the closed end K becomes more readily heat- These tubes may be straight V1ew l PI'OVlClQ, 1n addition to the ordinary under-draft devices, what I denominate an infiammator, and these devices consist in means for directing upon the surface of the fuel and, if desired, into the body of gases emanating therefrom a substance which will supply oxygen to the fuel and to the gases, whereby a more perfect-combustion is produced. The substance or material supplied bythe infiammator may be exhauststeam, air, or any of the hydrocarbons employed in this art.

In this instance my inflammator consists of a supply-pipe O,having branches O, with orrwithout valves 0 which branches extend from the supply-pipe through thewater-leg, so as to conduct the material furnishing oxygen upon the fuel on the grate or into the combustion-chamber of the apparatus, and these branches are arranged and lo; cated'so that if desired one or more of them may be simultaneously employed. To pro te'ct the grate from injury by excessive heat, Igprovide an atomizer P, having a controllingvalve P, through which water or other cooling agent may be conducted and delivered at the under side of the grate either in the form of a spray or solid stream, as desired. It will be noted that more than one atomizer may be employed and also that by rotating the grate a single atomizer may be sufiicient, as all parts of the grate can be brought to a point to be acted upon thereby.

In my invention as thus far described any suitable method and means of supplying water to the generator proper may be employed; but as the production of live steam is greatly facilitated by the use of clean water at such a.

ring to the drawings, Q represents the tender, and Q represents the uptake. The tender comprises in its make-up a water-space Q a steam-space Q and a mud-drum Q at its lower portion, the bottom wall Q having openings Q for the passage of sediment into the mud-drum. The usual draw-oft cook or valve Q is connected with the bottom of the tor-glass It may also be provided upon either or both portions of the apparatus for its wellknown purposes. The capacity for water of the tender may be at least about one'third more than the capacity of the generator, wherebya surplus is always maintained over the requirements of the generator proper. Through the tender there passes a fire-chamber S, which may or may not,- as desired, be provided withwater-tubes K, and at the discharge end of the fire-chamber there is a valveopening S, which is adapted to be closed, opened, or partially opened by means of the damper S which may be operated either by hand or any suitable system of levers- A heating-chamber T is arranged at the end of the tender and fire-chamber S, so that the products of combustion passing therethrough to the uptake Q are utilized in heating water.

within the tender. A manhole or other suitably-closed aperture T is provided at the bottom of the heating-chamber for the removal of ashes and cinders. The tender is attached to and connected with the generator in the following manner, although any desired wellwhich may be bolted or riveted or otherwise connected with similar flanges projecting from the generator, as shown at U As a precaution against injury by heat to the firesheets of the generator, fire-brick, fire-clay, or any other suitable heat-resisting material is applied as shown at V, the entrance of the fire-chamber S, and at V, the exit thereof. W represents the water-supply tube, which extends from the tender at a point W below its crown-sheet to the water-leg C of the generator. There may be one or more of these water-supp] y pipes. Now it willbe seen that by the connection U the pressureof steam upon the body of water in the tender and in the generator is equalized, and it will also be seen that the water from the tender is con veyed to the hottest part of the water within the generator, so that no chilling eiiects follow. The valves W serve to control the water-feed, while a pipe X and valveX serve to supply water to the tender or water-supply heater. I

The manner of use and the operation of my, invention are as follows. A quantity of coal,

which, it will be found, will be much less than ordinarily kept upon the grate, will be assumed to be ignited by the usual or natural draft from below the grate, which coal under ordinary circumstances would burn from below-that is, from the grate upward. Now

by supplying oxygen through the inflammator upon the surface of the coal ignition takes place, and by extending said supply of oxygen to and within the combustion-chamber F the gases evolved from the coal are rendered GOIIl-j bustible, so that the coal and its gases are both burned'and the greatest number of heat units possible under the circumstances is evolved from the fuel. The heat thus produced-takes effect through the extended heating-surface of the annular fire-chamber and heats the water within the water-legs and body of the water-chamber to the steam-producing temperature, which steam in its passage to the supply-pipe I travels down the steam-, chamber H to, or about to, the hottest point in the generator, where it is deprived of any moisture it contained when in the steamchamber 13" of the apparatus, and in this ing will take place in the steam-chamberQ of the tender instead of in the steam-cham-- ber B of the generator. This of itself is an. important feature of my invention.

more, as the cold water supplied to the apparatus is first brought to the tender it cannot lower the temperature of the water within the generator proper, and all of the separable;

vegetable and chemical ingredients which or-" dinarily' act to obstruct and scale thefiresheets of a steam-generating apparatus are Furtherfirst sep'arated and precipitated in the tender,"

various relative positions as regards the generator proper, so as to receive the products of combustion as they pass to the uptake, and such an arrangement of the principal elements of the apparatus may be adopted which shall adapt it for use in connection with either stationary or ldcomotive engines. In fact, in the latter class of engines the preferred dimensions of the water-heating compartment as to its relative capacity can readgenerating apparatus.

ily be secured without material variance from established forms, so that my invention is fully adapted for use in said forms of steam- In use and by a proper control of the damper S it will readily be seen that the approach to perfect combus-- tion and complete exhaustion of the heating power of fuel can be maintained.- The idea is to extract all or as many as-possible of-the heat units of a comparatively-small quantity of coal rather than to consume a great quantity of coal and allowing a large percentage of its heat units to escape in an unconsumed or unutilized condition. With a few inches of coal upon the grate ignited below, within, and at the upper surface of the body of coal,

and'with the gases evolved therefrom supplied from an exterior source with oxygen,

and with the damper at the uptake closed or nearly closed it is manifest that the largest possible percentage of the heat units of the fuel will be utilized. Not only will said units be utilized in the combustion-chamber, but the remnant thereof will be retained to perform the additional duty of heating and cleansing the water-supply before they can possibly escape to the uptake.

I have not particularized in detail the ordinary features of steam-boiler construction nor attempted to show the most advantageous form and outline of the various elements of such an apparatus, as these are well known to persons skilled in the art, and I do not therefore limit my invention in these particulars to the exact form and detail illustra'ted and described.-

- WhatjI claim is- 1. Asteam-generatingapparatushavingits live-steam discharge at a central portion of its combustion-chamber,and a water-space inclosing said steam-discharge; substantially as specified.

- 2. A steam-generating apparatus having a steam-chamber located at a substantiallycontral portion of its combustion-chamber, a wa ter -space surrounding said steam-chamber, and means for delivering steam therefrom; substantially as specified.

3. Asteam-generatingapparatushavingits steam-delivering means terminating at substantially the hottest portion of its combustion-chamber and a water-space interposed between said steam-delivery and combustion chamber substantially as specified.

, 4. Asteam-generatingapparatushavingits steam-delivery'means projected therein to a point where the steam delivered is of substantially the same temperature as the water within the generator, and a water-space surrounding said delivery means; substantially as specified. I

5. A steam-generating apparatus having a central steam-chamber extending through its combustion-chamber and surrounded by an interposed water-space; substantiallyas specifled.

6. In a steam-generating apparatus, means for delivering the steam therefrom and a wathe steam'of a temperature above that of the water from which the steam was-made, whereby superheating of the steam is prevented; 1 substantially'as specified.

d 7. Inasteam-generatingapparatus,a steamchamber having an extension projecting into the combustion-chamber, and a circular waj ter legarranged within the combustion-cham- 1 her and surrounding said extension; substantially as specified.

8. In a steam-generating apparatus,a steamchamber, a surrounding water-leg arranged within thecombustion-chamber, and a steamsupplying pipeprojecting into the said steamchamber substantially as specified.

9. A steam-generating.apparatus comprisin g an outer shell, a central cylindrical steamchamber surrounded bya water-chamber, annular inner and outer fire-sheets, an annular crown-sheet connecting the same, and pipes connecting the intermediate spaces between the outer shelland fire-sheets; substantially as specified.

10. In a steam-generatoxga central steam drumor chamber depending into the area of the combustion-chamber and having openings communicating with the steam-chamber of the apparatus, and a Water-compartment surrounding said steam-chamber substantiallyas specified. I V

11, In a steam-generating apparatus comprising a steam-chamber surrounded by a water-chamber and in combination with the wall of its combustion-chamber, an inte'riorlyscrew-threaded and flanged socket in the wall of said combustion-chamber, a watertube provided with an exteriorly-threaded thickened wall tapered lengthwise and closed at itsend; substantially as specified.

12. In a steam-generating apparatus comh prising a combustion-chamber, asteam-chamberprojected into the area of the combustionchamber and having apertures communicattext-space of the generator; substantially as 10 ing with the steam-chamber proper, a steamspecified.

supply pipe projected into the central steam- In testimony whereof I affix my signature chambenand terminating at about the cenin presence of two Witnesses. 5 tral portion of the combustion-chamber, a JOSEPH GIROUX.

Water-heating compartment connected with the steam-chamberproper 0f the generator at Witnesses:

a point above its water-line and connected ALFRED T. GAGE, from a point below its water-line with the wa- APPLETON P. CLARK.

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