US9313673B2 - Avoiding forbidden cell reselections in multimode networks - Google Patents

Avoiding forbidden cell reselections in multimode networks Download PDF

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Publication number
US9313673B2
US9313673B2 US14/081,811 US201314081811A US9313673B2 US 9313673 B2 US9313673 B2 US 9313673B2 US 201314081811 A US201314081811 A US 201314081811A US 9313673 B2 US9313673 B2 US 9313673B2
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measurement interval
neighbor cell
signal strength
forbidden
forbidden neighbor
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US20150141004A1 (en
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Phaneendra Cheekatla
Atul Kumar Maurya
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Priority to PCT/US2014/064753 priority patent/WO2015073353A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0061—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link of neighbour cell information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
    • H04W36/0085—Hand-off measurements
    • H04W36/0088—Scheduling hand-off measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/02—Access restriction performed under specific conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/20—Selecting an access point

Definitions

  • Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, and orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.
  • CDMA code-division multiple access
  • TDMA time-division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency-division multiple access
  • LTE 3GPP Long Term Evolution
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
  • a wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple mobile devices.
  • Base stations may communicate with mobile devices on downstream and upstream links.
  • Each base station has a coverage range, which may be referred to as the coverage area of the cell.
  • Some wireless multiple-access communications systems may include cells that utilize different radio access technologies (RATs).
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • Cell reselection is a procedure by which a mobile device that is camped on a serving cell may select and move to a new serving cell.
  • the mobile device periodically performs measurements of neighboring cells to determine possible reselection targets. When a suitable target is identified, the mobile device may camp on the identified target cell to complete the reselection.
  • one or more neighboring cells may be unsuitable for reasons that are not apparent to the physical layer and radio resource control layer of the mobile device. Thus, the mobile device may measure and attempt to reselect an unsuitable cell, resulting in the unnecessary expenditure of processing resources and a possible loss of service.
  • the described features generally relate to one or more improved systems, methods, and/or apparatuses for reducing inter-RAT measurements in a wireless communications system. Further scope of the applicability of the described methods and apparatuses will become apparent from the following detailed description, claims, and drawings. The detailed description and specific examples are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the description will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • a method of wireless communication may include determining that a user equipment (UE) is in a serving cell; identifying at least one forbidden neighbor cell while the UE is in the serving cell; and adjusting a measurement interval of the at least one forbidden neighbor cell while the UE is in the serving cell.
  • UE user equipment
  • a neighbor cell list received that includes the at least one forbidden neighbor cell may be received. Adjusting the measurement interval of the at least one forbidden neighbor cell may occur while the UE is in an idle mode. Adjusting the measurement interval of the at least one forbidden cell may include increasing the measurement interval by a measurement interval factor.
  • increasing the measurement interval may include increasing the measurement interval by a first measurement interval factor if the signal strength satisfies a first signal strength threshold, and increasing the measurement interval by a second measurement interval factor if the signal strength satisfies a second signal strength threshold.
  • the second signal strength threshold may be greater than the first signal strength threshold.
  • the second measurement interval factor may be greater than the first measurement interval factor.
  • Different radio access technologies (RATs) may be associated with the serving cell and the at least one forbidden neighboring cell.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication may include at least one processor and a memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processor.
  • the at least one processor may be configured to execute code stored on the memory to: determine that a user equipment (UE) is in a serving cell; identify at least one forbidden neighbor cell while the UE is in the serving cell; and adjust a measurement interval of the at least one forbidden neighbor cell while the UE is in the serving cell.
  • UE user equipment
  • the at least one processor may be configured to execute code stored on the memory to implement one or more aspects of the first set of illustrative embodiments described above.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication may include means for determining that a user equipment (UE) is in a serving cell; means for identifying at least one forbidden neighbor cell while the UE is in the serving cell; and means for adjusting a measurement interval of the at least one forbidden neighbor cell while the UE is in the serving cell.
  • UE user equipment
  • the apparatus may include means for implementing one or more aspects of the first set of illustrative embodiments described above.
  • a computer program product may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-readable code.
  • the computer-readable code may be configured to cause at least one processor to: determine that a user equipment (UE) is in a serving cell; identify at least one forbidden neighbor cell while the UE is in the serving cell; and adjust a measurement interval of the at least one forbidden neighbor cell while the UE is in the serving cell.
  • UE user equipment
  • the computer readable code may be configured to cause the at least one processor to implement one or more aspects of the first set of illustrative embodiments described above.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a wireless communications system
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram illustrating an LTE/LTE-Advanced network architecture
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an example base station and UE
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B shows a block diagram of an example of a UE
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a wireless communications system
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart conceptually illustrating an example of a method of wireless communication.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart conceptually illustrating an example of a method of wireless communication.
  • a user equipment (UE) in a serving cell may periodically perform measurements of neighbor cells, and identify one or more forbidden neighbor cells. The measurements may be performed on different operating frequencies. Because the forbidden neighbor cell(s) may not be viable reselection targets for the UE, it may be possible to perform measurements on an operating frequency associated with a forbidden neighbor cell less frequently than an operating associated with a cell that is not forbidden. Thus, the UE may adjust a measurement interval of the one or more forbidden neighbor cells while the UE remains camped on the serving cell. The user equipment may also adjust the measurement interval of the one or more forbidden neighbor cells based on the measurements performed on the forbidden neighbor cell(s). In certain examples, the measurement interval may be adjusted according to a measurement interval factor, which may be based on a comparison of a measured signal strength to a signal strength threshold.
  • a CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc.
  • CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.
  • IS-2000 Releases 0 and A are commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc.
  • IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc.
  • UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA.
  • a TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, etc.
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
  • Wi-Fi Wi-Fi
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • IEEE 802.20 Flash-OFDMA
  • UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS).
  • 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are new releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA.
  • UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP).
  • CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2).
  • 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2
  • the techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radio technologies.
  • the description below describes an LTE system for purposes of example, and LTE terminology is used in much of the description below, although the techniques are applicable beyond LTE applications.
  • cell reselection refers to an idle mode procedure during which a UE that is currently camped on a first serving cell identifies a second serving cell on which to camp and camps on the second serving cell.
  • handover refers to a connected mode procedure during which a UE connected to a first serving cell identifies a second serving cell and transitions an open network connection to the second serving cell.
  • the term “forbidden neighbor cell” refers to a cell that is forbidden as a reselection or handover target for a UE by a non-access stratum (NAS) of the UE or a network, upper layers of the UE or a network, and/or according to a preferred roaming list (PRL) for the UE.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • PRL preferred roaming list
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a wireless communications system 100 , in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 includes base stations 105 , user equipment (UEs) 115 , and a core network 130 .
  • the base stations 105 may communicate with the UEs 115 under the control of a base station controller (not shown), which may be part of the core network 130 or the base stations 105 in various embodiments.
  • the base stations 105 may communicate control information and/or user data with the core network 130 through first backhaul links 132 .
  • the base stations 105 may communicate, either directly or indirectly, with each other over second backhaul links 134 , which may be wired or wireless communication links.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support operation on multiple carriers (waveform signals of different frequencies).
  • Multi-carrier transmitters can transmit modulated signals simultaneously on the multiple carriers.
  • each communication link 125 may be a multi-carrier signal modulated according to the various radio technologies described above.
  • Each modulated signal may be sent on a different carrier and may carry control information (e.g., reference signals, control channels, etc.), overhead information, data, etc.
  • the base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 115 via one or more base station antennas. Each of the base station 105 sites may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 .
  • the terms evolved Node B eNodeB or eNB
  • eNodeB evolved Node B
  • other types of base stations including base transceiver stations, radio base stations, access points, radio transceivers, basic service sets (BSSs), extended service sets (ESSs), NodeBs, or Home NodeBs.
  • the geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may be divided into sectors making up only a portion of the coverage area (not shown).
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macro, micro, and/or pico base stations). There may be overlapping coverage areas for different technologies.
  • a pico cell would generally cover a relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., buildings) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider.
  • a femto cell would also generally cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide restricted access by UEs 115 having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 for users in the home, and the like).
  • a base station 105 for a macro cell may be referred to as, for example, a macro eNodeB.
  • a base station 105 for a pico cell may be referred to as, for example, a pico eNodeB.
  • a base station 105 for a femto cell may be referred to as, for example, a femto eNodeB or a home eNodeB.
  • a base station 105 may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells.
  • the base stations 105 may implement different radio access technologies (RATs).
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • the core network 130 may communicate with the base stations 105 or other base stations via first backhaul links 132 (e.g., S1 interface, etc.).
  • the base stations 105 may also communicate with one another, e.g., directly or indirectly via second backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface, etc.) and/or via the first backhaul links 132 (e.g., through core network 130 ).
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations 105 may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations 105 may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations 105 may not be aligned in time.
  • the techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
  • the UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system 100 , and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile.
  • a UE 115 may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
  • a UE 115 may be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, or the like.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • a UE 115 may be able to communicate with macrocells, picocells, femtocells, relays, and the like.
  • a UE 115 may be able to communicate with base stations 105 using different RATs.
  • a multi-mode UE 115 - a may be capable of simultaneously communicating with base stations 105 associated with different radio access technologies (RATs).
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • UE 115 - a of FIG. 1 may be able to measure and communicate with an LTE eNodeB 105 and a 1x/EV-DO base station 105 .
  • certain base stations 105 may be associated with cells that are forbidden to the UE 115 - a .
  • a cell may be forbidden because it is blocked by Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) (e.g., the base station is in a forbidden Tracking Area (TA) or Location Area (LA)) or by upper layers (e.g., because the base station does not support Circuit-Switched Fall Back (CSFB), Short Message Service (SMS), IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) services, or another feature).
  • NAS Non-Access-Stratum
  • TA Tracking Area
  • LA Location Area
  • CSFB Circuit-Switched Fall Back
  • SMS Short Message Service
  • IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
  • the UE 115 - a may be camped on a 1x/EV-DO base station 105 and within the geographic coverage area 110 of an LTE eNodeB 105 that does not support CSFB. Without CSFB support, the UE 115 may not be able to place or receive voice calls. Thus, to avoid interruption of service, the LTE eNodeB 105 may be forbidden to the UE 115 .
  • Forbidden cells may be identified on the UE 115 - a side, the network side, or both. For example, a UE may determine that a CDMA/HDR cell is forbidden in response to a threshold number of access probe failures. In examples where the network identifies forbidden cells, one or more base stations 105 may signal the forbidden cells to the UE 115 - a (e.g., as part of a Preferred Roaming List).
  • forbidden cells may complicate reselection and handovers performed by the UE 115 - a .
  • the physical layer and radio resource control (RRC) layer (or equivalent) specifications for standard cellular communications do not take forbidden cells into account when performing measurements for reselection and handovers.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the UE 115 - a may measure and attempt to reselect to a forbidden cell on the basis of signal strength, without taking into account the forbidden status of that cell. Reselection or handovers to forbidden cells may involve unnecessary measurements and increased power consumption.
  • the UE 115 - a may be configured to determine that the UE 115 - a is in a serving cell, identify one or more forbidden neighbor cells while the UE 115 - a is in the serving cell, and adjust a measurement interval of the one or more forbidden neighbor cells while the UE is in the serving cell.
  • the UE 115 - a may adjust the measurement interval of the one or more forbidden neighbor cells to be longer than the measurement intervals associated with non-forbidden cells. In this way, the UE 115 - a may perform measurements of the forbidden neighbor cells less frequently than the UE 115 - a performs measurements of the non-forbidden cells.
  • the degree to which the measurement interval of a forbidden neighbor cell is adjusted may be proportional to or otherwise based on the signal strength of the forbidden neighbor cell.
  • the “signal strength” of a neighbor cell may refer to the strength of the signal from the neighbor cell as measured by the UE 115 - a , excluding noise and/or interference due to other frequencies.
  • the UE 115 - b may be an example of one or more of the UEs 115 described above with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • the EPS 200 may interconnect with other access networks, but for simplicity those entities/interfaces are not shown. As shown, the EPS 200 provides packet-switched services, however, as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be extended to networks providing circuit-switched services.
  • the E-UTRAN 205 may include an eNodeB 105 - a and other eNodeBs 105 - b .
  • the eNodeB 105 - a and eNodeBs 105 - b may be examples of one or more of the base stations 105 described above with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • the eNodeB 105 - a may provide user and control plane protocol terminations toward the UE 115 - b .
  • the eNodeB 105 - a may be connected to the other eNodeBs 105 - b via an X2 interface (e.g., backhaul).
  • the eNodeB 105 - a may provide an access point to the EPC 230 for the UE 115 - b .
  • the eNodeB 105 - a may be connected by an S1 interface to the EPC 230 .
  • the EPC 230 may include one or more Mobility Management Entities (MMEs) 232 , one or more Serving Gateways 234 , and one or more Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateways 236 .
  • MMEs Mobility Management Entities
  • PDN Packet Data Network
  • the MME 232 may be the control node that processes the signaling between the UE 115 - b and the EPC 230 .
  • the MME 232 may provide bearer and connection management.
  • the UEs 115 - b may run one or more applications that have certain preconditions for communications between the UE 115 - b and EPC 230 .
  • the EPS 200 may interconnect with other access networks using other radio access technologies (RATs).
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • the EPS 200 may interconnect with UTRAN networks and/or CDMA networks.
  • the UE 115 - b may be capable of connecting to multiple RATs.
  • the UE 115 - b may be capable of connecting to and communicating with the EPS 200 over the LTE/LTE-Advanced network architecture
  • the UE may 115 - b may also be capable of connecting to a 3G neighbor cell (e.g., a CDMA2000 1x/EV-DO cell) of an operator that does not support the IP services 222 of operator of the EPS 200 .
  • the 3G neighbor cell may be forbidden to the UE 115 - b .
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a design of a base station 105 - c and a UE 115 - c , in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the eNodeB 105 - c and UE 115 - c may be part of a communication system 300 .
  • This system 300 may illustrate aspects of the system 100 of FIG. 1 and/or the EPS 200 of FIG. 2 .
  • the base station 105 - c may be an example of one or more of the base stations 105 , 105 - a , 105 - b described above with respect to FIG. 1 or 2
  • the UE 115 - c may be an example of one or more of the UEs 115 , 115 - a , 115 - b described above with respect to FIG. 1 or 2 .
  • the base station 105 - c may be equipped with base station antennas 334 - a through 334 - x , where x is a positive integer, and the UE 115 - c may be equipped with UE antennas 352 - a through 352 - n .
  • the base station 105 - c may be able to send data over multiple communication links at the same time.
  • Each communication link may be called a “layer” and the “rank” of the communication link may indicate the number of layers used for communication. For example, in a 2 ⁇ 2 MIMO system where base station 105 - c transmits two “layers,” the rank of the communication link between the base station 105 - c and the UE 115 - c is two.
  • the UE antennas 352 - a through 352 - n may receive the DL signals from the base station 105 - c and may provide the received signals to the UE modulator/demodulators 354 - a through 354 - n , respectively.
  • Each UE modulator/demodulator 354 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples.
  • Each UE modulator/demodulator 354 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols.
  • a UE transmit processor 364 may receive and process data from a UE data source.
  • the UE transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal.
  • the symbols from the UE transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a UE transmit MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by the UE modulator/demodulators 354 - a through 354 - n (e.g., for SC-FDMA, etc.), and be transmitted to the base station 105 - c in accordance with the transmission parameters received from the base station 105 - c.
  • the UL signals from the UE 115 - c may be received by the base station antennas 334 , processed by the base station modulator/demodulators 332 , detected by a base station MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a base station receive processor.
  • the base station receiver processor 338 may provide decoded data to a base station data output and to the base station controller/processor 340 .
  • the components of the UE 115 - c may, individually or collectively, be implemented with one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • Each of the noted modules may be a means for performing one or more functions related to operation of the system 300 .
  • the components of the base station 105 - c may, individually or collectively, be implemented with one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • Each of the noted components may be a means for performing one or more functions related to operation of the system 300 .
  • the communication networks may be packet-based networks that operate according to a layered protocol stack.
  • communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based.
  • a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels.
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels.
  • the MAC layer may also use Hybrid ARQ (HARM) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency.
  • the transport channels may be mapped to Physical channels.
  • the base station 105 - c and/or the UE 115 - c includes means for identifying one or more forbidden neighbor cells. Further, the base station 105 - c and/or the UE 115 - c may include means for creating a list of neighbor cells, that may include forbidden neighbor cells. In some cases, the base station 105 - c and/or the UE 115 - c includes means for determining signal strength of neighboring cells. Also, the base station 105 - c and/or the UE 115 - c may include means for determining whether a UE 115 is in a serving cell. In some cases, the base station 105 - c and/or the UE 115 - c may include means for adjusting a measurement interval with respect to neighbor cells, such as forbidden neighbor cells.
  • the aforementioned means may be the base station controller/processor 340 , the base station memory 342 , the base station transmit processor 320 , base station receiver processor 338 , the base station transmit MIMO processor 330 , the base station MIMO detector 336 , the base station modulator/demodulators 332 , and the base station antennas 334 of the base station 105 - c configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
  • the aforementioned means may be the UE controller/processor 380 , the UE memory 382 , the UE transmit processor 364 , UE receiver processor 358 , the UE MIMO detector 356 , the UE transmit MIMO processor 366 , the UE modulator/demodulators 354 , and the UE antennas 352 of the UE 115 - c configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
  • FIG. 4A is a block diagram 400 illustrating one embodiment of a UE 115 - d in accordance with the present systems and methods.
  • the UE 115 - d may be an example of the UE 115 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 , and/or 3 .
  • the UE 115 - d may include a receiver module 410 , a forbidden neighbor cell module 430 , and a transmitter module 420 . Each of these components may be in communication with each other.
  • the receiver module 410 may include a cellular receiver, such as a multi-mode cellular receiver configured to operate over multiple bands and RATs, and may receive transmissions from a base station 105 .
  • the receiver module 410 may receive information such as packet, data, and/or signaling information, including information related to a neighbor cell.
  • the received information may be utilized by the forbidden neighbor cell module 430 for a variety of purposes. For example, the forbidden neighbor cell module 430 may utilize the received information to determine if a neighbor cell is forbidden.
  • the transmitter module 420 may include a cellular transmitter, such as a multi-mode cellular transmitter configured to operate over multiple bands and RATs, and may transmit to a base station 105 .
  • the transmitter module 420 may be used to transmit various types of data and/or control signals over a wireless communications system.
  • the data and/or control signals may include various types of uplink transmissions transmitted over various uplink channels.
  • the transmitter module 420 may transmit information related to the forbidden neighbor cell module 430 for a variety of purposes. For example, the transmitter may transmit measurements of one or more neighbor cells, a list of forbidden neighbor cells, and/or an indication of adjustments made to measurement intervals to a base station.
  • the UE 115 - d may include the forbidden neighbor cell module 430 .
  • the forbidden neighbor cell module 430 may be implemented by a processor and/or memory and/or other special-purpose hardware.
  • the forbidden neighbor cell module 430 may be responsible for a variety of tasks. For example, the forbidden neighbor cell module may determine that the UE 115 - d is in a serving cell, identify one or more forbidden neighbor cells while the UE 115 - d is in the serving cell, and adjust a measurement interval of the one or more forbidden neighbor cells while the UE 115 - d is in the serving cell.
  • the forbidden neighbor cell module 430 measures neighbor cell signal strength using the receiver module 410 , determines a measurement interval to use, and transmits a list of forbidden neighbor cells to a base station 105 using the transmitter module 420 .
  • FIG. 4B is a block diagram 400 - a illustrating one embodiment of a UE 115 - e in accordance with the present systems and methods.
  • the UE 115 - e may be an example of one or more of the UEs 115 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 , and/or 4 A.
  • the UE 115 - e may include a receiver module 410 - a , a forbidden neighbor cell module 430 - a , and a transmitter module 420 - a . Each of these components may be in communication with each other.
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • the functions may be performed by one or more other processing units (or cores), on one or more integrated circuits.
  • other types of integrated circuits e.g., Structured/Platform ASICS, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and other Semi-Custom ICs
  • the functions of each unit may also be implemented, in whole or in part, with instructions embodied in a memory, formatted to be executed by one or more general or application-specific processors.
  • the forbidden neighbor cell module 430 - a includes a serving cell determination module 440 , an identification module 450 , a measurement module 460 , and an interval module 470 .
  • the serving cell determination module 440 may determine whether the UE 115 - e is in a serving cell. This determination may be based on a current mode of the UE 115 - e . For example, the serving cell determination module 440 may determine that the UE 115 - e is in the serving cell based on the fact that the UE 115 - e is currently camped on the serving cell in idle mode.
  • the UE 115 - e may receive the identity of the one or more forbidden neighbor cells from upper layers of the network, such as in a message or other indication that that the forbidden neighbor cell(s) fail to support a certain feature (e.g., CFSB, SMS, IMS services, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 - e may receive the identity of one or more forbidden cells from the network using a preferred roaming list (PRL) that expressly or implicitly names the forbidden cell(s) or the channels or operating frequencies associated with the forbidden cell(s).
  • PRL preferred roaming list
  • the identification module 450 may include a list module 455 that compiles and stores the identity of the forbidden neighbor cells known to the UE 115 - e.
  • the measurement module 460 may be used to perform measurements on neighbor cells to identify possible targets for reselection (e.g., when the UE 115 - e is in idle mode) or handover (e.g., when the UE 115 - e is in connected mode).
  • the frequency with which channels or operating frequencies associated with the neighboring cells are measured may be determined by a measurement interval set for each neighboring cell. In the event that a specific measurement interval is not set for a neighboring cell, a default measurement interval may be used.
  • the interval module 470 may adjust a measurement interval of the one or more identified forbidden neighbor cells while the user is in the serving cell. In certain examples, the interval module 470 may make a uniform adjustment to the measurement interval of a neighbor cell based on the binary determination that the neighbor cell is forbidden. In such examples, all forbidden neighboring cells may be assigned the same measurement interval, which may be longer than the measurement intervals assigned to the permitted cells.
  • the measurement interval of the forbidden neighbor cell(s) may be further based on a measured signal strength of each forbidden neighbor cell.
  • the interval module 470 may adjust the measurement interval of one or more forbidden neighbor cells using a finite number of discrete measurement interval factors in conjunction with a base measurement interval.
  • the measurement interval adjustment for a given forbidden neighbor cell may be selected according to a determination of whether a signal strength measurement of the forbidden neighbor cell satisfies one or more thresholds.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a wireless communications system 500 , in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 500 may include UEs 115 , and base stations 105 with coverage areas 110 .
  • the UE 115 - f may be an example of one or more of the UEs 115 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4A and/or 4B .
  • the base stations 105 - d , 105 - e , 105 - f may be an example of one or more of the base stations 105 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 , and/or 3 .
  • the coverage areas 110 - a , 110 - b , and 110 - c may be an example of the coverage areas 110 illustrated in FIG.
  • Each base station 105 - d , 105 - e , 105 - f may be associated with a separate cell that is coextensive with its respective coverage area 110 .
  • the UE 115 - f may be within the coverage area 110 - a of a serving cell with base station 105 - d .
  • the UE 115 - f may receive from a base station 105 - d , 105 - e , or 105 - f a list of neighbor cells, which may include forbidden cells.
  • the cells of base stations 105 - e and 105 - f are forbidden.
  • the forbidden cells may not overlap due to issues with interference.
  • the serving cell may be a 2G or 3G cell associated with base station 105 - d , and the forbidden cells associated with base stations 105 - e and 105 - f are LTE cells.
  • the forbidden cell of base station 105 - f may satisfy a second threshold, greater than the first threshold, and be assigned a measurement interval factor of 20. Thereafter the UE 115 - f may measure the forbidden cell of base station 105 - e every 10 ⁇ ms, for example every 100 ms, and may measure the forbidden cell of base station 105 - f every 20 ⁇ milliseconds, for example every 200 ms.
  • the measurement interval factor may increase with the signal strength of the measured cell.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system 600 , in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 600 may include a UE 115 - g , a first base station 105 - g , and a second station 105 - h .
  • the UE 115 - g may be an example of one or more of the UEs 115 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B , and/or 5 .
  • the base stations 105 - g and 105 - h may be examples of one or more of the base stations 105 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 , and/or 5 .
  • the first base station 105 - g may operate as a serving cell for the UE 115 - g .
  • the UE 115 - g may be camped on the serving cell of the first base station 105 - g in idle mode throughout the example of FIG. 6 .
  • the UE 115 - g may measure a neighboring cell associated with the second base station 105 - h .
  • the neighboring cell maybe utilize a different RAT from the serving cell associated with the first base station 105 - g . Additionally or alternatively, the neighboring cell may not support a feature supported by the serving cell associated with the first base station 105 - g.
  • the UE 115 - g may perform another measurement of the neighboring cell associated with the second base station 105 - h , after a first measurement interval 610 .
  • the UE 115 - g may continue to perform the measurement of the neighboring cell associated with the second base station 105 - h periodically, after the expiration of the first measurement interval 610 .
  • the UE 115 - g may receive a neighboring cell list from the first base station 105 - g .
  • the neighboring cell list may include forbidden cells.
  • the UE 115 - g may identify the neighbor cell associated with the second base station 105 - h as forbidden.
  • the UE 115 - g may adjust the first measurement interval 610 , based at least on the determination that the neighbor cell of the second base station 105 - h is forbidden. In certain examples, the adjustment may be further based on one or more signal strength measurements of the second base station 105 - h , such as cell measurements performed in block 605 and/or block 615 .
  • the measurement interval adjustment includes multiplying the measurement interval by a measurement interval factor.
  • the UE 115 - g may continue to periodically measure the neighbor cell associated with the second base station 105 - h .
  • Block 640 illustrates that the next measurement 645 of the neighbor cell associated with the second base station 105 - h will occur after a new, second measurement interval, which may be the product of the measurement interval factor determined in block 630 and the first measurement interval 610 .
  • the UE 115 - g may continue to measure the neighboring cell associated with the second base station 105 - h at the second measurement interval until the neighbor cell of the second base station 105 - h is no longer classified as forbidden, the signal strength changes to a degree that would trigger a new adjustment to the measurement interval factor, and/or a timer expires.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart conceptually illustrating an example of a method 700 of wireless communication, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 of reducing inter-RAT cell measurements in a wireless communication system.
  • the method 700 may be performed, for example, by one more of the UEs, base stations, or other devices described above with reference to the previous Figures. Thus, one or more components of these devices may be means for performing the method 700 of FIG. 7 .
  • a UE may be determined that a UE is in a serving cell. This determination may be made based on the UE being camped on the serving cell in an idle mode or in a connected mode with an active connection to the serving cell.
  • one or more forbidden neighbor cells may be identified while the user equipment is in the serving cell. The forbidden neighbor cells may be identified based on one or more criteria known to the UE, and/or by active signaling received from the network.
  • a measurement interval of the one or more forbidden neighbor cells may be adjusted while the user equipment is in the serving cell. For example, the measurement interval of a forbidden neighbor cell may be extended beyond a default measurement interval such that the UE performs measurements of the forbidden neighbor cell less frequently than non-forbidden neighbor cells.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a method 800 of determining a measurement interval factor for a forbidden neighbor cell, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the method 800 may be performed by one or more of the UEs 115 and/or base stations 105 described above with respect to the previous Figures. Thus, one or more components of these devices may be means for performing the method 800 of FIG. 8 .
  • the method 800 of FIG. 8 may be an example of block 715 of the method 700 of FIG. 7 .
  • a measured signal strength such as received signal strength indication (RSSI) divided by received signal code power (RSCP) may be compared to a first threshold. If the measured signal strength does not satisfy the first threshold (block 805 , No), a first measurement interval factor may be used as the basis of the measurement interval of the forbidden neighbor cell at block 810 . If the measured signal strength satisfies the first threshold (block 805 , Yes), then flow may proceed to block 815 where the measured signal strength is compared to a second threshold.
  • RSSI received signal strength indication
  • RSCP received signal code power
  • a second measurement interval factor may be used as the basis of the measurement interval of the forbidden neighbor cell at block 820 . If the measured signal strength satisfies the second threshold (block 815 , Yes), then flow may proceed to block 825 where the measured signal strength is compared to a third threshold. If the measured signal strength does not satisfy the third threshold (block 825 , No), a third measurement interval factor is used as the basis of the measurement interval of the forbidden neighbor cell at block 830 . If the measured signal strength satisfies the third threshold (block 825 , Yes), then the flow may proceed to block 835 where the measured signal strength is compared to a fourth threshold.
  • a fourth measurement interval factor is used as the basis of the measurement interval of the forbidden neighbor cell at block 840 . If the measured signal strength satisfies the fourth threshold (block 835 , Yes), then flow proceeds to block 845 and a fifth measurement interval factor is used as the basis of the measurement interval of the forbidden neighbor cell.
  • the fourth threshold may be greater than the third threshold, which may be greater than the second threshold, which may be greater than the first threshold.
  • the fifth measurement interval factor may be greater than the fourth measurement interval factor, which may be greater than the third measurement interval factor, which may be greater than the second measurement interval factor, which may be greater than the first measurement interval factor. It should be noted that in the illustrated embodiment four different signal strength thresholds are used and five different measurement interval factors are used. These quantities are meant as illustrative only and are not limiting in scope.
  • the method may contain more or fewer signal strength measurements and may include more or fewer measurement interval factors.
  • Table 1 illustrates an example of a set of signal strengths and accompanying measurement interval factors for an identified forbidden neighbor cell, as could be used in the method 800 of FIG. 8 :
  • the measurement interval factors represent positive integer scalars that may be multiplied by a base measurement interval (e.g., 10 ms). Table 1 is meant as an example only, and is not limiting in scope. Signal strength measurements as well as measurement interval factors may be different. Further there may be more or fewer signal strength ranges as well as more or fewer measurement interval factors.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart conceptually illustrating an example of a method 900 of wireless communication, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 9 illustrates a method 900 of reducing inter-RAT cell measurements in a wireless communication system. The method 900 , may be performed by one or more of the UEs 115 and/or base stations 105 described above with respect to the previous Figures. Thus, one or more components of these devices may be means for performing the method 900 of FIG. 9 .
  • a neighbor cell list may be received which may include the one or more forbidden neighbor cells.
  • one or more forbidden neighbor cells may be identified while the user equipment is in the serving cell.
  • a measurement interval factor may be determined based at least on a signal strength of the forbidden neighbor cell.
  • a measurement interval of the one or more forbidden neighbor cells may be adjusted while the user equipment is in the serving cell, based at least on the measurement interval factor.
  • FIGS. 7-9 are but illustrative implementations of the tools and techniques described herein.
  • the methods 700 , 800 , 900 may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations are possible.
  • Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques.
  • data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
  • Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
  • computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • Disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

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