US930610A - Building construction. - Google Patents

Description

J. C. PELTONI BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED JAN. e, 1906.

Patented Aug. 10, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEBT 1.

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION,

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 8, 1906.

{930,610, magma Aug. w, 1909.

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Patented Aug. 10, I969 J. C. PELTON.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED ulm, 1906.

' will II JOHN: O OSTER PELTON, OF SAN FRANGISGO, CALIFORNIA.

BUIBDING GONS'DRUCTION.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, J on): CosTER PELTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, inv the county of San Fran c-isco and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Building Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements made in building construction in 'which spaced studs, beams and plates combined in various ways forn a skeleton wall or a floor with hollow spaces that are filled with plastic material.

This invention has for its object the production of a composite fire-proof structure for the walls, fioor and other parts of a. building, in .which' the requisite strength with a minimum weight of material and several other important qualities, such as rapidity in constructing, and arelativel-y low cost are obtained.

Vith these ends inview my invention embraces several novel features in the construction of spaced studs, beams or girders, braces andfurring-strips, and the combinaiiOll thereof with a filling of a'plastic composition as here'ina'fter fully described and pointed out in the claims at the end of this .c specification.

The accompanying drawings herein referred to illustrate what I consider to be the best application and embodiment of my said improvements in the CODSilllCtiOll of an outer-or an inner wall and the floor of a building. Figuret is a view in perspective of aportionof a side-wall and floor in a buildingconstruction embodying my invention, showing the inner face of the wall and also the iioor broken away in several planes; Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-section through the floor beam; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through a portion of a wall st-ructure'betore the lath and plaster finish, are applied. -Fig.' 3 is a view in horizontal section through the sheetmetal members of the wall-structure, show ing the parts separated, but in their relative position.- Fig. dis a horizontal? sectionalview of a portion of an outer wall showing the manner of arranging the plates to place,

the filling of plastic material next the out side facing of the front of the building. Fig. 5 isa similar section of a portion of a wall in which the solid filling is situated next the inner facing or finish of the wall.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed January 8, 1906. Serial No. 295,200.

flattened against the other member.

Patented; Aug. 1909.

Fig. 6 is a perspectiveview of a portion of one of the metal studs. zonta-l cross-section through the stud on the line a m Fig. 6. Fig. 7 is a cross-section at a:y Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a sectional-view of the two members of the stud before they are locked together. Fig. 9 isa view in perspec- Fig-7 is a hori- 7 tive of the sectional sheet-metal braces or arched plates between the studs, showing the -manner of locking the sections together.

Fig. 10 is a perspective-viewof a portion of a furring-strip. Fig. 11 is a cross-section of the strip. Fig. 12 is a modification in which studs of wood are used in place of metal studs.

One part oiufeature of my invention relates to a sheet metal stud, or beam, of novel construction formed of two parts or members of similar shape, each composed of aweb or central portion liaving. the two edges flanged or turned in the same direction at right angles to the web from end to end. The two members being placed back to back I with their webs together, they are fastenedtogetherby tongues or'strips d on onememher and slits or openings 6 in the other mem ber of the stud, through which the tongues are inserted and then bent back over the edge of the slits and finally clenched or The tongues (Z are formed in one way by cutting the metal ofthe web on three lines extending around the three sides of a rectangle and then bending the separatedv portion laterally on thetrelnaining side where it is attached to the web, so that it stands out from the openin .e. The two members a a of the stud being set together with. the openings in alinement, the tongues on one member are inserted throughthe slits e in the opposite member with which they stand in line, and

while the tongue at each opening in one.

member is clenched over the edge of the slit in the other, through which it is inserted, the corresponding tongue on the ot-her member is turned through the same slit and clenched in the opposite direction. This will be understood by referring to Figs. '7 and 8 of the drawing in which the tongues (Zal that are formed of the metal of the member a are clenched against the web of theother stud-member 0. whereas the tongues d d? of the stud-member a are inserted through the openings from the opposite direction and clenched against the member a. The interlocking tongues being thus bent and clenched required for fastening together the membersof the stud, will depend on the, dimensions of the stud, but usually they are arranged in two rows extendin lengthwise of the stud and spaced atregular intervals apart, with the tongues in one row spaced to alternate with those in the other row, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. In that arrangement also the portion of metal that is separated from the web to form the opening 6 is left at-v tached on one side tothe web to form a tongue at each opening soas to provide each stud-member with a tongue to enter the 25 opening of the other stud-member, and also with an opening to receive the tongue of such opposite stud member. It should be understood, however, that one of these tongues at every opening may be omitted or dispensed with byremoving it altogether at the time of cutting the openings without departing from the esential feature of' the construction; as for example by cutting off. the metal that is left on the stud-members to form the tongues d al and using only the tongues d d? for the fastening means.

In constructing a wall, a number of studs A. are set upright at required intervals apart, and between them are placed arched plates or braces F extending from one stud to the next, with the ends of the braces resting against the studs. In the preferred construction each brace is composed of two arched plates flanged at the endsto increase the extent of bearing surface between the ends and the studs against which they rest as well as to stiifen the edges of the metal and having flat portions inside the flanges 7', from which the arched portion of the plate springs in a curve of greateror less radius; according to the distance between the studs. These arched plates F being set together'in pairs in the space betweentwo studs inclose a central space between them and also divide the space between the studs longitudinally through the middle into two compartments which are closed in on the outer side by fixing the plates or sheets G to the flanged edge of the studs. These plates are of such dimensions that the joints fall on the lineof the stud when the joints run vertically, as shown in the construction illustrated in Fig. 1, although this is not essential in all cases, as the plates may be laid together with the joints running hori'zon tally. After a number of studs are set up and the plates G secured in place in this manner the arched braces are placed in position between thestuds, after which the spaces between the' braces and the outer plates and the studs are filled with a composition or mixture in a plastic state having the quality of becoming hard-and solid when set, but the space inside the brace is left hollow or unfilled. The material for this purpose should be sufficiently plastic at the time of use to fill the space in the skeletonframe inclosed by the outer plates and the braces and openings in the studs through which the space on one side of each stud is in communication with the corresponding space on the opposite side, so that on be- I coming set the filling will form a solid body extending on some lines continuously and longitudinally of the wall both in a horizontal and in a vertical direction. Any of the well-known compositions of plaster or of mixtures used in concrete constructionare well adapted for the filling. It should be tage. By reason also of the peculiar form and manner of combining the metal parts or members of the structure, metal of rela tively light weight and small gage can be used with safety.

In one application of this construction the platesG are fastened in place temporarily to retain the concrete filling until it has become set, and are then removed so as .to expose the face of the concrete. lVhen the plates are to be removed I secure them temporarily by means of long bolts T, passed through the channels it which are formed in the studs a a for that purpose, as seen in Figs. 6 and. 7 in which thumbnuts T are screwed after the plates G are placed in position. By this means the vpla tes are readily removed after'the concrete has become hard.

The sameparts that enter into the construction of a wall apply as well to the construction of the floor of a building; the only difference between the two constructions consisting in the use of a single arched bracebetween the beams, instead oftwo oppositely-set arches, and in the omission of the filling material from the space on one side ,of the brace. v

Figs. 1 L and 5 represent the two constructions embodying the above-described features; and Fig. 4 may be taken to illus-- trate av vertical cross-section, of a floor with the under surface finished with lathing and.

platesindicated-at D Fig. 5-is tied tov the plates at intervals by anchors, tie-rods or strips of metal secured to the plates atintervals between the courses and embedded in the mortar.

When the surfaces are finished in plaster a foundation of sheet-metal or wire-lathing' L is prepared by fixing furring-strips at intervals apart against the plates and fastening the lathing in place by nailing into the strips. The furring-strips which I have provided for this purpose are of novel character in being formed with a nail-groove, or channel 7), into which nails may be readily driven to fasten the lathing at diffcrent points along the strip. This construction and the manner of securing the strips to the plates of the skeleton-frame and the lathing to the strips, will be clearly understood from Figs. 4-, 5, and 11 of the drawings. A strip of sheet-metal of proper width and length is bent upon itself along central line. and each half is then bent back longitudinally on a line parallel with the central bend. as at p 79 Fig. 10. so that the strip has a form in cross section resembling the letter M with the middle members compressed. The outer edges of the strip are then turned outward at an angle as seen at 2)", thus forming flanges by which the strip 7) is secured to the outer plates. These flanges are usually punched for nailing. The advantage of this form of fur ring-strip lie in its furnishing a backing into which nails may be driven at any point in its length, so long as they are driven along the'line of the channel 32 with the result not only to insure a firm hold of the nail, but to greatly reduce the time and labor in fixing the lathing in place. A furring-stripof this character is applicable to the plaster finish for the inner or the outer wall, or for the ceiling.

Othercharacters or forms of finish may be substituted for the lath and plaster, such as embossed plates of sheet-metal, or other material, to the use of which this construction is well adapted. The ceiling on the under side of the floor in Fig; 1 is shownas having a finish of such character in place of the lath and plaster indicated in Fig. 4:. Figs. 4 and 5 indicate slight modifications of the wall-construction in which the brace between the studs is composed of a single arched plate. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 the relative position of the concrete portion and the hollow spaces in the wall are reversed, the thicker portion of the wall being situated on the inside of the building. The construction shown in. Fig. 4 is recommended for inner walls and in those situations where the inner face of the wall is not exposed to extraordinaryv lateral pressure or impact.

The construction shown in Fig. 5- is well adapted to buildings where the walls are not required to carry a heavy load or stand other heavy strains. The parts of the skeleton-frame are so arranged and combined in Fig. d that the thick and more solid portion of the wall is turned outward whereas the inner face of the wall may be exposed to rought treatment as in a factory, shop or warehouse.

The construction illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 are preferred forwalls that are carried 12p to any considerable height or are exposed to heavy strains and stress.

The metal parts of this structure are made of such dimensions that they can be handled and set in position without ditliculty, the tuds being usually put together in the shop, and the braces made in sections of convenient length or height to be placed in position'between the studs as the work is carried upward. In one form of brace in which double arched plates are joined together with their convex sides turned outward, the two members of the arch are formed each of two sections fastened together by'rivets. cr-preferabiy by interlocking tongue and slit t'astenings as shown in Fig. 9, and the sections compo-sing one arch or member are united by a locking joint consisting of a ilange on the edge of one, and a groove on the edge of the other section. Each unit or section of brace is thus composed of two members united by joints extending vertically through the middle of the brace. This construction is well adapted for long and relatively heavy braces, as it enables the parts to be made in pieces or sections that can be readily handled or setin place. A lighter form or character of brace, on the other hand, may be formed of two single arched plates, which may or may not be secured together before they are placed 111 position. It should be mentioned that the brace-sections are formed or arranged to join together one upon another by butt joints, when set in place between the studs; one section being lowered from above upon the previously setbrace so as to rest upon t.

The interlockin edges of the sections in the construct-ion il ustrated in Fig. 9 has the advantage of forming spacing ribs or projections on the convex sides of the braces equal distance from the outer plates that are placed against thestuds.

Fig. 12 illustrates a modification in which studs of wood are used in the'structureiin place of metal studs, thereby reducing the cost of construction to some extent, but chiefly affording a light construction that is well adapted for inner walls or partitions. In this construction lathing L is nailed directly to the studs, and the braces F divide the space between the studs into compartments that are filled with the plastic composition. This structure will be found to 15 possess good fire-proof qualities. on account of the wood being embedded in and covered by the body of plastic material on both sides. Where the conditions admit of the metal lathing being placed directly against the studs so that it serves to retain the filling of plastic material between the studs and also forms a foundationfor the plasterfinish, the construction can be further simplified and itscost reduced by omitting the metal plates and using the well-known er; forated sheet metal lathing or that whic is formed of twisted or woven wire.

The foregoing description is'intended to apply to metal lathing'as well as to metal plates for closing in the sides of the skeleton frame to confine and retain the -filling of plastic material. The term metal plates should be understood, therefore, to embrace lathing made of wire or of perforated sheetmetal. Having thus described my invention,'wha-t leis Patent is 1. In a building construction, the combination of studs spaced apart and provided with apertures, arched braces supported between said studs, and a filling of concrete between the said studs and extending through the apertures therein and arranged on both sides of the arched braces, substantially as set forth. 1

2. In a building construction, the combination of. studs spaced apart, arched braces mounted between the. studs the braces being formed each of a pair of curved or arched plates with flanged edges, the plates being set together to inclose an open space hetween thefn, and with their flanges resting -againstthe studs, and means secured tothe studs for supporting the plaster ofthe wall,

substantially as set forth.

3. In a' building construction, the combi nation of studs spaced apart, plates secured to the studs, and metal furrmg strips se-- EDWARD plates, the furring strips being substantially M- haped in cross section, the middle members of each strip lying close to-' gether to' form an outward-opening nailing. groove and the outer members of the strip being formed with flanges by which the stripmay be secured in placeto the face of one of the said plates, substantially as set forth.

4. In a building construction, the combination of studs spaced a art, arched braces mounted between the stu s, a filiing'of concrete or the like between the studs and inclosing the arched braces, plates secured to the studs, furring strips formed with nailing grooves and attaching feet by which they are secured to the face ofthe plates, and supporting means for ,the plaster attached to said furring strips, substantially as set'forth. 1

5.- Ina building constriiction, the combi-' nation of studs spaced apart and provided with apertures, braces arranged between said studs, plates extending from one stud to the next and secured thereto, and a filling of concrete or the like between the studs and between the braces and the plates, said concrete filling extendingthrough the apertures in the studs so as to form a continuous 7. In abuilding-construction, the combination of studs arranged at intervals apart and having spacedopenings through them, arched braces between the studs dividing the space between two adjacent studs, outer plates secured to the studs and inclosing the divided spaces on opposite sides of the.

arched braces, and a mass of plastic material fillingv said spaces and the openings through the studs. a i

In testimony whereofI have hereunto set my name to this specification inthe presence of twosubscribing witnesses. I I

' JOHN COSTER 'PELTON.

Witnesses: v

E. OsBoRN, HARRY J. LAVSK.

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