US930136A - Tabulator mechanism. - Google Patents

Description

e. 0. BLIGKENSDERFER. TABULATOR MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 10, 1905 930,136. Patented Aug. 3, 1909.

- BSHEBTS-SHEET 1.

G. G. BLIGKENSDERFER. TABULATOR MECHANISM. APPLICATION FILED AUG.10, 1905.

930,136. v Patented Aug". 8, 1909.

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Patented Aug. 3, 1909.

G. 0. BLIOKENSDERFER. TABULATOR MECHANISM. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 10, 1905.

yrimlump GEORGE. o. BLICKENSDEEFER, or STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT.

' TABUL'ATOB MECHANISM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented m 3, 1909'.

Appiicaaon men-Au ust 10, 1905. Serial No. 273,608.

To' all whom it may concern:

. Be it known that I, GEORGE O. BLIOKENS- DERFER, a citizen of the United States, re-

siding at Stamford, countyof Fair-field, and

State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful 1m rovements in Tabulator Mechanisms, iullyescribedand represented in the following specification-and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

"I his invention relates to certain improve-- ments in carriage-controlling mechanism for typewriting machines.

It is one of the objects of the invention to provide improved mechanism for controlling the position of typewriter carriages, this mechanism being generally known as a tabulating mechanism, that is, a mechanism b which the operator is enabled to write co umns of figures, the carriage being automatlcally positioned seats to bring the figures of successive numbers in the same column in vertical rows. i A further obj ectof the invention is to producean improved mechanism by which columns of other matter, such, for instance, as names, can be written, the carriage being automatically positioned-so'that the first let.- ter of successive names in the column will be in the-same vertical row.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists in certain constructions and in certain parts, improvements and combinations such as will be hereinafter fully described and then specifically pointed out in the claims hereunto appended.

Referring to the drawings-Figure -1-isan elevation in perspective illustrating so much of the operating mechanism of a typewriting machine as is necessary to an understanding of the-invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of'the machine on the tabulatormechanism side. Fig. 3 is a sectional detail plan view,

- the position of the observer-being indicated -'by the arrow 3 in Fig. 2, the figure also including asample of workwhich maybe done by the mechanism. Fig) 4 is a view similar to- Fig. 3, illustrating a modification. Fig. 5, is a sideelevation of the machine on the power side. i Fig. 6 is a rear elevation illustrating the operation of the column stop mechanism. Figs. 7.and 8 are enlarged de tail views.

The machine selected to illustrate the in vention is a machine of the well-known Bliekensderfer type. It isto be understood,

to machines of this particular type.

Referring to the drawings, 1 lndicates a table of the machine, this table being supable' mechanism, as, for instance, the mechanism shown in the patent to Blickensderfer,

No. 717,732, dated January 6, 1903. The details of the mechanism by which the-printing is effected are not illustrated, for the reason that they will not'assist in understanding the invention. The printing wheel cooperates with a platen roll 5 mounted on a shaft 6, this shaft being supported in suitable standards 7 rising from a bed 8 connected to side bars 9 which form a part of the carriage. The carriage is supported by pairs of grooved -wheels 10,- these wheels being supported on vertical shafts rising from the bed 1. \Zhile ient form of carriage mechanism, any other suitable form of carriage mechanism may be adopted. v

'While the mechanism for mowing the carriage may be of any suitable tyne, in the best power mechanism by which the movement of the carriage is effected. The power mechanismniay be varied widely as to its details of construction. An efiicient form of power mechanism is that shown in the patent to Blickensderfer, No. 717,732 above referred to, the same embodying a constantly running electric motor, thepower shaft of'whioh is indicated at 11 in Figs. 2-, 5 and 6. In the best constructions, furthermore, mechanism will be-provided with means for giving the carriage a step bystep movement, and also with means for giving the carriage what may be termed a running movement in contradis- .tinction to a step by step movement. The means by-which the carriage is given the running movement are or may be generally similar to theconstruction illustrated in the carriageis provided with a rack 12 which is mounted on a vertical shaft 14', the lower end of this shaft being provided with a bevel gear 15. This gear 15 is in mesh with two gears 16 and1-7 arranged on opposite sides .of its center, as in the patent referred to. The gear 16- is fixed to a friction wheel 18 constructions the machine will embody a in mesh with a gear 13, this gear being however, that the invention is not confined ported on standards 2 rising from the bed' plate 3. In-the particular machine illustrated, thepr'intin'g is efiected by means of a wheel 4 wh1ch'may be operated by anysuit the construction just described is a convenpatent above referred to. As shown, the

' as the'machine is shown in Fig. 1.

and the gear 17. is fixed to a friction wheel 19, these wheels'being mounted on-a shaft, not shown, but being well-shown in the patent referred to. The position of the shaft is indicated by a screw 20 in Fig. 5 which holds the wheel 18 on the shaft. As in the patent referred to, this shaft on which the friction wheels are mounted, is mounted in a swinging block 21. The power shaft is provided with two friction wheels 22 and 23, the wheel 22 beingopposite the wheel 18 and the wheel 23 being opposite the wheel 19. It ,is apparent that when the block is swung so as to bring the wheels 18 and 22 in engagement, the shaft 14 will be turned in one direction and will drive the carriage and when the block is swung so that the wheels 19 and 22 are in engagement, the shaft 14 will be turned in the opposite direction and drive the carriage inthe opposite direction. In the par ticular construction shown, the block has.

secured to it a T-shaped arm 24 (see dotted lines in Fig. 1) this arm having two projections 25, 26. -The project-ion 25 has connected wit a rod 27, the end of this rod bearing adjusting nuts 28 and a sleeve 29 having a broad collar 30 thereon. The rod and' sleeve pass through the outwardly turned end 31 of a bell-crank lever 32 33, this lever being loosely mounted on a shaft 34 which will be hereinafter referred to. This lever 32-33 bears a key marked Left The projection 26 has a rod 35 connected to it, this rod having similar adjusting screws and passing through the outwardly turned end 36 of a bell-crank lever 37, this lever bearing a key marked Right. By pressing the key marked Left the block will be swung so as to bring the wheels 19 and'23 into engagement and the motorshaft running, the ca riag' will be driven to the left,

By pressing the key marked Right, the wheels 18 and 22 will' be brought into contact and the carriage will be driven to the right, as the machine is shown in Fig. 1. The key marked Left will give the carriage. a running movement in the same direction as the step by step carriage feed ordinarily employed in typewriting machines, and the key marked Right will return the carriage, after a line has been printed. The details wherein this mechanism for driving the carriage differs from'whatis shown in i the patent referred to are not claimed herein,

as thcy are claimed in an application filed by me December 6, 1902, Serial No. 134,104. Vfhile these means have been foundin practice to be effective for ivin the carria e the b o c:

running movement, it is to be understood that any other suitable means may be employed for this purpose.

The step by step feeding mechanism, when such a mechanism is employed in connection with the running movement mechanism, will,

' of the cam 44.

in the best machines be independent of the mechanism for giving the carriage the running movement, and, furthermore, in the best machines, will be of such a character as to be disengaged from the carriage so as to leave the carriage free to move at all times. While the construction of the step by step feeding mechanism may be varied widel T as to its details, in the particular construction shown, there is provided a swinging lever 38, this lever having an angular toothed end 39 which may be caused to engage with the rack 1.2 before referred to. Thls lever is pivoted on a screw 40 mounted in a block 41 which may be iven a rotating movement.v This block 41 as a spring arm 42 connected to it,

a shaft 45 which is driven by a gear 46 from the power shaft 11. The lever 38 bears on the end opposite its toothed end a cam roll 47 which runs on a cam formed on the rear side the cam 44 rocks the block 11 so as to bring the angular toothed end of the lever into engagement with the rack, after which the cam on the rear side of the cam 44 rocks the lever In the operation of this feed,

38 to advance the carriage. This particular feed mechanism is not claimed in this application, as the same is fully described and claimed in a pending application filed by me Nov. 16, 1903 and serially numbered 181,265. r

The tabulating-mechanism employed maybe varied in its details of construction. In the best constructions, this mechanism will include a plurality of stops 48, two of which are shown in Fig. 1. Inthe best constructions, these tabulator stops are mounted in the carriage. In the particular construction shown, the carnage is provided with a notched bar 49, the notches corresponding in number and position with the teeth on the rack 12. This bar 49 may be conveniently supported on arms 50 extending from the standards 7 before referred to. The stops are provided with depending legs 51 which engage the notches. While the engagement between the legs 51 and notches on the' bar 49 might be de ended on to hold the stops in position, in t e best constructions, additional retaining means will be employed for this purpose,- these means being of such a character as to prevent the displacement of the stops vertically. In the particular construction shown, the additional retaining bail. While the bailmight besecured in positionin any suitable manner, in the particular construction shown, the downwardly bent ends are bent outward and ass throu h per; forations in s ring pins 54w ich pass t rou h the notched ar 49. The under sides of -t e outwardly bent ends 53 will be flattened in a "means embodies'a rod52 having downwardly bent ends 53, this rod and its ends forming a seams of the s rings will hold the bail in position,

but at t e same time will allow the bail to be rocked out of 'o'sitions'o' as to permit the stops to be shifted. An additional spring, as 55, may be employed, if desired, to assist in holding the bail'in position, this being de- -sirable where the carriage used is excepto effect the stopping of the carriage in the proper position for the printing-of number's tionally long.

The deyices which cooperate with the stops or similar matter may be varied in construction. As shown, a series of levers 56 is provided for this purpose, these levers being loosely mounted on the rock shaft 34. The

upper ends of these levers are bent inwardly, as indicated at 57, and by rocking any one of the leversmay' be positioned so as to engage a stop 48. In the best constructions, an additional s'teadying device'will be employed to prevent the spring of the levers under the impact of the stop as the running carriage strikes them; While this steadying device may be varied in the details of construction, as shown, it consists of a block 58 which may be conveniently mounted on a frame.

bracket 59 extending from the machine This block is secured to the bracket by screws, or inany other suitable manner, and is channeled as indicatedat'60 (Fig. 3), so that the block forms what may be termed a comb, the bent ends 57 of the. levers moving between the teeth of the comb.

The means for operating the levers when I levers are employed for cooperating with the stops may be varied widely, but in the best constructions, these means will be of such a character that the operation of throwing a lever. into position connects the carriage to the driving mechanism so that it may be given the running movement. In the particular construction shown, a series'of actuating bell crank key l'evers 61-62 is employed for this.purpose,.these key levers also being lo ose- 1y mounted on the shaft 34; The connections between'each of the levers 6162 and the operating lever 56 which it actuates, are, in'the particular construction shown, formed by means of springs 63, one end of each spring being secured under a lip 64 on the part 61 'ofthe bell-crank levers. The springs are fulcrumed onthe lips '65 on the parts 62 of the levers and are hooked under the lever 56, the ends of the springs being caught in one of two notchesindicated at 66 in Fig. 1.

It will be seen that by pressing any particular one ofthe levers 6162, the corresponding lever '56 will be thrown up into position so that its end 57' will cooperate with a stop 48. The arms 61 bear keys which may have conventional indications to indicate the numbers to be printed. I

The means b which the position of one mech anism into operation may be widely varied. As shown, the shaft 34 forms a rock shaft and is utilized for this purpose. This which underlies the part 61 of'all the levers 61-62, so that the depression of any lever rocksthe shaft 34. The shaft 34 (see Figs. 7 and 8) has an arm 68 extending therefrom at the end opposite the end which has the arm 67. portion 69 through which the rod 27 before referred to passes. This arm bears against the end of the sleeve 29 before referred to. When the shaft 34 is rocked, the outwardly bent end 69 of the arm 68 strikes the end of the sleeve-29 and moves the rod 27, this movement rocking the block 21 and bringing the friction wheels 19. and 23 into engagement so as to advance the carriage to the left. It'will be seen that this movement will be effected without disturbing the connec sleeve 29 moving through the opening in the outwardly bent end 31 of the lever 32. A. depression of one of the keys of the leversvers 56 into position to cooperate with the stop 48 and will, at the same time, cause the carriage to be moved until the stop 48 strikes the lever, at which time the carriage is in position to rint the number.

The tabu ator mechanism, in the particutabulating of figures representingdollars'and (cents. "In operating the mechanism, the stop 48 is properly positioned on the notched member 49, a convenient way of positioning decimal point in the column at the pro er place on the sheet. Then, if it be desire to print the number 67 25-, as it appears in Fig. 3, for instance, the ten key appearing at the left in Fig. 1 will be depressed. This will up into position to strike the stop 48 and at the same time will rock the shaft 34 and esshaft and the shaft 14, so that the carriage will be given a running movement until the stop- 48 strikes the end 57 of the lever 56. The carriage is now properly positioned for printing the number, and the 6 key, (not shown), on the typewriter. is struck. After the key 7 on the typewriter has been struck, (this key not being shown) the spacebar is 7 and the 2 re resenting a decimal point, or a period might e struck, if desired. desired to print a higher number, as, for instance, the number 71092 03, as it ap ears in Fig. 3, the middle one of-the "ten eys, 1 as they (appear in Fig. 1, will be struck, the pa errol'l beingturned if it is desired'to print this under the revious number. The

This arm 67 'has'an outwardly bent tions before described fromthe lever 33, the

struck in'ord'er to make a space between the shaft has extending from it a broad arm 67 6162 will, therefore, throw one of the lelar machine illustrated, is arranged for the I it being to place it at a point to bring the" throw'the end 57 of the corresponding lever tablish the connection between the power j Ifitbe of the levers. t ows the carriage moving striking'of this dle-fften key will posi 3o tion the carriage properly so as to bring the figures in proper relative position with respect to the key previously struck, the runglllg movement of the carriage occurring as e ore.

It will be seen that the guiding or steadymg comb in its operation supports the end of the leveriagainst the impact of the stop on the carriage and thus enables comparatively light levers to be used and the tabulator to be gotten into a small space. This steadying comb may also be availed of to space the numbers if desired. When it is desired that this be done, the tabulator keys may be arranged as in Fig. '4. In this case a space is left between the key representing hundred thousands and the key representing millions, and a similar space is left between the key representing hundreds and the key,

representing. thousands. With the keys spaced in this manner, the operator in printmg; the first number appearing in Fig. 4, will strike the spacing key between the figures "3 and 4. In printing the second number, however, of the column, the 1 will be brought by the hundred key into its proper position beneath the 4 of the first number.

Where a plurality of columns is to be printed across a sheet, it may be desired not to print a number on a given line in the first column or columns, but to begin the printing with the numbers in the second column or a the machine.

subsequent column on thesame line, and to do this without 0 erating the space bar of W ile the machine may be constructed in various ways to accomplish this result, in the particular construction shown the space in thecomb which the cts lever occupies is made wider than the other spaces so as to ermit a sidewise movement of this lever. n the best constructions, a

spring marked 70 is' interposed between this lever and the side of the comb space. By

depressing the cts lever, the machine will be operated as before described, and the stop 48 for the first column, for instance, if this -.be the column where-it is desired not to print, will be brought into contactwith the cts lever, and will push the lever over against the tension of the spring 70. The lever is now released and as it is released is pushed backby the spring 7 0. By striking the roper denomination key the carriage will e advanced in the manner before de- -scribed, so as to bring the carriage into proper positi u to print the proper number. -.on the Y linelin 1 the second column. mounting the Fcts lever in the manner described, it maybe used to jump-the carriage from column to column as desired.

" It may be desired to associate with the tabulated columns of figures other printed v matter, such, for instance, as-names ordescriptive matter, and to do this, it is desirpreceding line.

able to have this matter so rinted that the first letters of the columns 0 printed matter will be in the same vertical lines. ticular machine illustrated is provided with means for eilecting this result. While these The parmeans may be varied, in the particular c'onstruction shown, the machine is provided with a series of column stops, marked 71,

these column stops being shown as mounted on the same bar 49 as thetabulator stops are mounted on.

hile the construction of this stoppingniember may be varied, asshown, it comprises a bell-crank lever 7273 pivoted at 7 4 in the frame of the machine. The arm 72 of the bell-crank lever is .provided with a pivoted member or arm 75 which is normally held in the position illustrated in Fig. 6 by means of a light spring 76. The arm 73 of the bellcrank is connected to a bent link 77 pivotally connected at 78 to a lever 79. This lever 79 is pivoted on the shaft 34 before described,- and its forward end has a lip 80 extending therefrom which underlies the lever 33 before described. The stops 71 are so posi- A stopping. member is. em- .pmloyed which cooperates with these stops 71.

tion'ed that their operative parts are out of line with the operative partsof the stops 48. When these stops are used, a number of them corresponding to the number of columns to be printed are placed on the bar 49, and in the particular construction shown are held in osition by the bail 52 before referred to.-

t has been stated that the depression of the lever 33 connects up the power mechanism and causes the carriage to be advanced toward the left. It will be seen that the depression of thislever also, through the lip 80, rocks the lever 79 which in turn rocks the bent lever 77. This lever swings the bellcrank 727'3 forward, bringing the member 75 into position to strike the stop 71. I This 'willstop the carriage at the proper point to "anism is a desirable adjunct to be used in connection with a 'tabulating mechanism, it will be readily seen that it maybe used alone, if desired, for printing successive columns of printed. matter.

r The operation of the device will be fully understood. from the preceding description.

Changesand variations in the construction by which the invention is carried into effect carriage, of ashaft suitable .onnections for "carriage, of a constantly running drivingmeans whereby theoperation of any tabubetween the driving mechanism and the car- 'inoperative connections between the shafts, a

may be made. The invention is'not, theretions hereinbefore described. What is claimed is I 1'. In a typewriter, the combination. with a i the carriage, a tabulator mechanism, and, connections whereby the operation of the tabulator; mechanism causes the driving if} shaft to advance thecarriage..-

2. In a typewriter, the combination with a carriage, of carriage advancingmeans nor- 1 mally disconnected from the carriage, whereby the carriage is free to move in either direction, a tabulator mechanism, and means whereby the operation of the tabulator mechanism establishes the connection between 3. In a typewriter, the combinationavith a carriage, of a motor driven shaft, means normally inoperative whereby the'motor driven shaft may drive the carriage, a plurality of. tabulating levers, a plurality of stops on the carriage cooperating ,with the levers, and means whereby the operation of any lever renders operative the driving means between the carriage and the shaft.

i. ln'a typewriter, the combination with a i mechanism therefor, normally inoperative connections between the carriage and the driving mechanism, a tabulator mechanism, and means whereby the operation of the tabulator mechanism establishes. a connection between the driving mechanism and the carriage.

5 In a typewriter, the combination with a carriage, of adriwnp: mechanism therefor, a tabulator meehanis including a plurality of levers and a plurality of cooperating stops, normally inoperative connections between the driving mechanism and the carriage, and

lator lever renders operative the connections riage.

6. 'In'a typewriter, the combination-with a carriagefiof a shaft, suitable connections for moving t 1e carriage, a power shaft, normally.

inoperative power transmitting devices between the shafts, a tabulator mechanism, and means -whereby theoperation of the tabulator mechanism renders operative the 'connections between the shafts. I

7. In a typewriter, the combination with a mo ving the carriage, a driving shaft, normally tabulator mechanism including a plurality of levers and a plurality of cod crating stops, 9; member operable by each of the levers, and means whereby said member-renders operativethe connections between the shafts.

8. In a typewritenthe combination witha carriage, of a motor driven shaft, means normally inoperative by whichthe motor driven shaft drives the carriage, a tabulator mechanism/in luding a plurality of levers and a carriage, of a driving shaft, normally inoperative means whereby the shaft may advance arrangedto be operated by each of the levers,

pluralit of cooperating stops, a rock-shaft andconnection's' between the rock shaft and the carriage driving means, whereby the movement of the rock shaft renders the cars inoperative friction connections, a tabulator mechanism including a plurality of levers and a plurality of cooperating stops, and

means whereby the operation of any lever renders the friction connections operative.

10. In a typewriter, the combination with a carriage, of means including a shaft for advancing the carriage, a driving shaft, no'rmally inoperative friction driving connections between said shaft's,.a tabulator mechanism including a plurality of levers and a plurality of cooperating stops, and .means whereby the operation of any lever renders the friction driving connections operative.

11. In a typewriter, the combination with a carriage, of means normally out 'of operative relation with the carriage for giving it a step by step movement, means normally out .of operative relation with the carriage for giving it a running movement, a tabulator mechanism, and means whereby the opera tion of the tabulator mechanism renders operative the means for giving the carriage a running movement.

12. In atypewriter, the combination with a carriage, of means for giving the carriage a step step movement, said means being norma ly out of operativerelation with the carriage, means for giving the carrie ge a run ning movement, saidmeans being normally out of -operative relation with the carriage, a

tabulatorinechanism including a plurality of levers, a plurality of stops and means whereby the operation of any tabulator lever renders o. erati've the means forgiving the carriage t e-running movementl 13. In a typewriter, the-combination with a carriage, of a feeding rack mounted thereon, a pinion in engagement with the rack, a

shaft for driving the pinion, a power shaft normally inoperative connections including a friction driver whereby the owershaft drives the pinion shaft,..-a rock s aft, connec-' tions whereby the rock sh ft renders the friction driver operative, a p urality of tabulatorleversqmounted on the rock shaft, each of said levers being arranged to operate the the carriage and (:06 rating with the levers. '14. The combination withfa carriage of-a typewriter, of a plurality of stops mounted shaft, and a plurality of stops mounted on mitted.

' ing movement of the operating members of disconnected therefrom, a plu'ra'lityof tabu 1 ing mechanism to give it a step by step move- .ment.

.vancin'g devices, means operated by the acconnecting the operating and actuating the shaft.

- ment, and means W either a tabulator lover or the column stop the carriage and give 'pmg lever cooperating therewith, a driving thereon, a plurality of levers, each lever come prising an operating member and an actuatmg'member, means for limiting the movement of the operating metnbers, carriage adtuating member to render the carriage ad-. vancing devices operative, and means for permitting a relative movement between the operating and actuating memberspf the levers.

15. The combination with a carriage of a ewriter, of a lurality of stops mounted t ereon, a plurality of levers, each lever comprising an operating member and an actuating member, means. ,for limiting the movement bf the operating members, carriage advancing devices, means 0 erated by the actuating member to render the carriage advancing devices operative, and springs members of the levers wherebya relative movement between the members is per- 16. The 'combination with a typewriter carriage, of a plurality of stops mounted thereon, a rock-shaft, carriage advancing devices, o ating connections between the rock sha and said devices, a plurality of levers mounted on the rock shaft and cooperating with the stops, each of said levers consisting of an operating member and an actuating member, means for limiting the engagthe levers, springs connecting the operating and actuating members, and a projection on the shaft with which each of the actuating members contacts as it is operated to rock 17 The combination with a typewriter carriage, of a driving mechanism normally lator stops, tabulatin levers cooperating therewith, a plurality 0 column sto s, .a keyoperated lever cooperating therewit means for giving the carri-a e a step by step moveereby the operation of lever Will connect the driving mechanism to it a running movement, and means whereby the step by step moving means will connect the carriage to the driv- 18 The combination with a typewriter carriage, of column stopping means, a stop mechanism normally disconnected from the carriage, and means whereby the operation of the stopp' g lever connects the driving mechanism to the carriage.

19. The combination with a typewriter carriage, of a plurality of column stops, :1. cooperating stop ing device, a driving mechanism norma ly disconnected from the carriage, operating means for the cooperating sto ping device, means under the control of sai operating means for giving the carriage a running movement, and means for giving the carriage a step by step movement.

22. The combinatiorr with a typewriter carriage, of column stopping means, a cooperating stopping device, operating means for the stopping device, a driving mechanism normally disconnected from the carriage, a step by step feeding device, and means whereoperating means or the step by step feeding device connects the carriage to the driving mechanism. o

The combination with a typewriter carriage, of a plurality of column stops, a cooperating stopping device, operating means for the stopping device, a driving mechanism normally disconnected from the carriage, a step bystep feeding device, and means whereby the operation of either the stopping device operating means or the step by step feeding device connects thecarriage to the driving mechanism.

carriage, of aQplurality of column stops mounted thereon, a cooperating sto ping device comprising a swinging lever an a spring mounted member, driving means for the carriage normally disconnected from the carriage, means for swinging the lever to inter ose the memberin the path of the stops, an connections whereby when the lever is -swung't'he driving mechanism will be con- ;nected to the'carria e.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

scorer c. rmciraasnrnrrr.

Witnesses A-UGUSTA WHITE,

carriage, of a plurality of'column'stops, a

' J A. GRAVES.

by the operation of either the stopping device,

24. lhe combinationwith a typewriter 21. The combination with a typewriter V

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