US9270441B2 - Method and apparatus for improving resource usage in communication networks using interference cancelation - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for improving resource usage in communication networks using interference cancelation Download PDF

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US9270441B2
US9270441B2 US13/863,927 US201313863927A US9270441B2 US 9270441 B2 US9270441 B2 US 9270441B2 US 201313863927 A US201313863927 A US 201313863927A US 9270441 B2 US9270441 B2 US 9270441B2
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Prior art keywords
macro
quasi
range expansion
abs
subframes
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US20140112262A1 (en
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Siddhartha Mallik
Tao Luo
Aleksandar Damnjanovic
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Priority to US13/863,927 priority Critical patent/US9270441B2/en
Assigned to QUALCOMM INCORPORATED reassignment QUALCOMM INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LUO, TAO, DAMNJANOVIC, ALEKSANDAR, MILLIK, SIDDHARTHA
Priority to PCT/US2013/065191 priority patent/WO2014066109A2/fr
Priority to CN201811072834.8A priority patent/CN109309963B/zh
Priority to CN201380055245.8A priority patent/CN104737607B/zh
Priority to KR1020157013117A priority patent/KR101654626B1/ko
Priority to JP2015539658A priority patent/JP6382207B2/ja
Priority to EP13785713.2A priority patent/EP2912907B1/fr
Priority to KR1020167023905A priority patent/KR101983222B1/ko
Assigned to QUALCOMM INCORPORATED reassignment QUALCOMM INCORPORATED CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE TO CORRECT THE SPELLING OF THE LAST NAME OF THE FIRST INVENTOR. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 030818 FRAME 0877. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE LAST NAME OF THE FIRST INVENTOR WAS TYPED INCORRECTLY MILLIK SHOULD BE MALLIK. Assignors: LUO, TAO, DAMNJANOVIC, ALEKSANDAR, MALLIK, SIDDHARTHA
Publication of US20140112262A1 publication Critical patent/US20140112262A1/en
Priority to US14/984,127 priority patent/US10020911B2/en
Publication of US9270441B2 publication Critical patent/US9270441B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0073—Allocation arrangements that take into account other cell interferences
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H04W72/0426—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/27—Control channels or signalling for resource management between access points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/541—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
    • H04W72/042—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H04W72/048—
    • H04W72/082—
    • H04W72/1278—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/51—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on terminal or device properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H04W84/045—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems using private Base Stations, e.g. femto Base Stations, home Node B

Definitions

  • Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These wireless networks may be multiple-access networks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing the available network resources. Such networks, which are usually multiple access networks, support communications for multiple users by sharing the available network resources.
  • UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • the UTRAN is the radio access network (RAN) defined as a part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a third generation (3G) mobile phone technology supported by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • multiple-access network formats include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) networks, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, and Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • OFDMA Orthogonal FDMA
  • SC-FDMA Single-Carrier FDMA
  • a wireless communication network may include a number of base stations or node Bs that can support communication for a number of user equipments (UEs).
  • a UE may communicate with a base station via downlink and uplink.
  • the downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the base station to the UE
  • the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the base station.
  • a base station may transmit data and control information on the downlink to a UE and/or may receive data and control information on the uplink from the UE.
  • a transmission from the base station may encounter interference due to transmissions from neighbor base stations or from other wireless radio frequency (RF) transmitters.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a transmission from the UE may encounter interference from uplink transmissions of other UEs communicating with the neighbor base stations or from other wireless RF transmitters. This interference may degrade performance on both the downlink and uplink.
  • Some wireless network use a diverse set of base stations, such as higher powered macro cells, and lower powered pico nodes, femto nodes, and relays, to improve the spectral efficiency of the system per unit area. Because these wireless networks use such different base stations and nodes for their spectral coverage, they are often referred to as heterogeneous networks.
  • the higher-powered macro cells are able to offload service of UEs to the lower-powered nodes in order to increase the service capacity and quality. Because the higher power signals from the macro cells may cause interference with the lower power signals from the pico or femto nodes, resource partitioning mechanisms are used to reduce the potential interference. Increased load handling efficiency may be realized by providing service schemes at the edges of the coverage areas of the lower-powered nodes.
  • the pico/femto node when excessive UEs are connected to a pico/femto node, the pico/femto node is forced to maintain the burden for scheduling for each of the UEs. Conversely, when UEs are more directed toward the macro node, the distributed capabilities of the pico/femto nodes are underutilized.
  • a method of wireless communication includes forming a plurality of macro sets according to operating characteristics of a macro node, forming at least one quasi-ABS including at least one active macro set of the plurality of macro sets, and partitioning a plurality of subframes to provide for a partition which will be used by a range expansion resource, wherein at least one subframe of the partitioned plurality of subframes includes at least one of the formed quasi-ABSs.
  • an apparatus configured for wireless communication includes a means for a plurality of macro sets according to operating characteristics of a macro node, means for forming at least one quasi-ABS including at least one active macro set of the plurality of macro sets, and means for partitioning a plurality of subframes to provide for a partition which will be used by a range expansion resource, wherein at least one subframe of the partitioned plurality of subframes includes at least one of the formed quasi-ABSs.
  • a computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium.
  • the non-transitory computer readable medium includes code for causing a computer to form a plurality of macro sets according to operating characteristics of a macro node, form at least one quasi-ABS including at least one active macro set of the plurality of macro sets, and partition a plurality of subframes to provide for a partition which will be used by a range expansion resource, wherein at least one subframe of the partitioned plurality of subframes includes at least one of the formed quasi-ABSs.
  • an apparatus includes at least one processor configured to: form a plurality of macro sets according to operating characteristics of a macro node, to form at least one quasi-ABS including at least one active macro set of the plurality of macro sets, and to partition a plurality of subframes to provide for a partition which will be used by a range expansion resource, wherein at least one subframe of the partitioned plurality of subframes includes at least one of the formed quasi-ABSs.
  • a method of wireless communication includes providing, by a user entity, interference information to a macro node, and receiving a communication scheduled by a pico node, wherein the communication is conveyed on a quasi-ABS which includes information corresponding to at least one macro set of data from a macro node.
  • an apparatus configured for wireless communication includes a means for providing, by a user entity, interference information to a macro node, and means for receiving a communication scheduled by a pico node, wherein the communication is conveyed on a quasi-ABS which includes information corresponding to at least one macro set of data from a macro node.
  • an apparatus includes at least one processor configured to: to provide, by a user entity, interference information to a macro node, and to receive a communication scheduled by a pico node, wherein the communication is conveyed on a quasi-ABS which includes information corresponding to at least one macro set of data from a macro node.
  • a method of wireless communication includes receiving access to a plurality of subframes from a macro node, wherein at least one of the plurality of subframes includes a quasi-ABS which includes information corresponding to at least one macro set of data from a macro node, and scheduling the at least one quasi-ABS to be used by a range expansion user entity.
  • an apparatus includes at least one processor configured to: to receive access to a plurality of subframes from a macro node, wherein at least one of the plurality of subframes includes a quasi-ABS which includes information corresponding to at least one macro set of data from a macro node, and to schedule the at least one quasi-ABS to be used by a range expansion user entity.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a mobile communication system.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a downlink frame structure in a mobile communication system.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary frame structure in uplink LTE/-A communications.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating time division multiplexed (TDM) partitioning in a heterogeneous network according to one aspect of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example layout of subframe assignment configurations for the macro sets of FIG. 6 according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram illustrating example blocks executed to implement one aspect of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram illustrating example blocks executed to implement one aspect of the present disclosure.
  • a CDMA network may implement a radio technology, such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), Telecommunications Industry Association's (TIA's) CDMA2000®, and the like.
  • UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • TIA's Telecommunications Industry Association's
  • the UTRA technology includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA.
  • WCDMA Wideband CDMA
  • the CDMA2000® technology includes the IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards from the Electronics Industry Alliance (EIA) and TIA.
  • a TDMA network may implement a radio technology, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology, such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, and the like.
  • E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • Flash-OFDMA Flash-OFDMA
  • the UTRA and E-UTRA technologies are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS).
  • 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are newer releases of the UMTS that use E-UTRA.
  • UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A and GSM are described in documents from an organization called the “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP).
  • CDMA2000® and UMB are described in documents from an organization called the “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2).
  • 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2
  • the techniques described herein may be used for the wireless networks and radio access technologies mentioned above, as well as other wireless networks and radio access technologies.
  • LTE or LTE-A (together referred to in the alternative as “LTE/-A”) and use such LTE/-A terminology in much of the description below.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wireless network 100 for communication, which may be an LTE-A network.
  • the wireless network 100 includes a number of evolved node Bs (eNBs) 110 and other network entities.
  • An eNB may be a station that communicates with the UEs and may also be referred to as a base station, a node B, an access point, and the like.
  • Each eNB 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
  • the term “cell” can refer to this particular geographic coverage area of an eNB and/or an eNB subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
  • An eNB may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or other types of cell.
  • a macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
  • a pico cell would generally cover a relatively smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
  • the eNBs 110 a , 110 b and 410 c are macro eNBs for the macro cells 102 a , 102 b and 102 c , respectively.
  • the eNB 110 x is a pico eNB for a pico cell 102 x .
  • the eNBs 110 y and 110 z are femto eNBs for the femto cells 102 y and 102 z , respectively.
  • An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells.
  • the wireless network 100 also includes relay stations.
  • a relay station is a station that receives a transmission of data and/or other information from an upstream station (e.g., an eNB, a UE, or the like) and sends a transmission of the data and/or other information to a downstream station (e.g., another UE, another eNB, or the like).
  • a relay station may also be a UE that relays transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown in FIG.
  • a relay station 110 r may communicate with the eNB 110 a and a UE 120 r , in which the relay station 110 r acts as a relay between the two network elements (the eNB 110 a and the UE 120 r ) in order to facilitate communication between them.
  • a relay station may also be referred to as a relay eNB, a relay, and the like.
  • the wireless network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation.
  • the eNBs may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different eNBs may be approximately aligned in time.
  • the eNBs may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different eNBs may not be aligned in time.
  • a solid line with double arrows indicates desired transmissions between a UE and a serving eNB, which is an eNB designated to serve the UE on the downlink and/or uplink.
  • a dashed line with double arrows indicates interfering transmissions between a UE and an eNB.
  • LTE/-A utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink.
  • OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, or the like.
  • K orthogonal subcarriers
  • Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.
  • modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM.
  • the spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system bandwidth.
  • K may be equal to 72, 180, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 for a corresponding system bandwidth of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively.
  • the system bandwidth may also be partitioned into sub-bands.
  • a sub-band may cover 1.08 MHz, and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 sub-bands for a corresponding system bandwidth of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 shows a downlink frame structure used in LTE/-A.
  • the transmission timeline for the downlink may be partitioned into units of radio frames.
  • Each radio frame may have a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)) and may be partitioned into 10 subframes with indices of 0 through 9.
  • Each subframe may include two slots.
  • Each radio frame may thus include 20 slots with indices of 0 through 19.
  • Each slot may include L symbol periods, e.g., 7 symbol periods for a normal cyclic prefix (as shown in FIG. 2 ) or 6 symbol periods for an extended cyclic prefix.
  • the 2L symbol periods in each subframe may be assigned indices of 0 through 2L ⁇ 1.
  • the available time frequency resources may be partitioned into resource blocks.
  • Each resource block may cover N subcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in one slot.
  • an eNB may send a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) for each cell in the eNB.
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • the primary and secondary synchronization signals may be sent in symbol periods 6 and 5, respectively, in each of subframes 0 and 5 of each radio frame with the normal cyclic prefix, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the synchronization signals may be used by UEs for cell detection and acquisition.
  • the eNB may send a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) in symbol periods 0 to 3 in slot 1 of subframe 0.
  • PBCH may carry certain system information.
  • the eNB may send a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) in the first symbol period of each subframe, as seen in FIG. 2 .
  • the eNB may send a Physical HARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) and a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in the first M symbol periods of each subframe.
  • the PDCCH and PHICH are also included in the first three symbol periods in the example shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the PHICH may carry information to support hybrid automatic retransmission (HARQ).
  • the PDCCH may carry information on resource allocation for UEs and control information for downlink channels.
  • the eNB may send a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in the remaining symbol periods of each subframe.
  • the PDSCH may carry data for UEs scheduled for data transmission on the downlink.
  • the LTE-A may also transmit these control-oriented channels in the data portions of each subframe as well.
  • these new control designs utilizing the data region, e.g., the Relay-Physical Downlink Control Channel (R-PDCCH) and Relay-Physical HARQ Indicator Channel (R-PHICH) are included in the later symbol periods of each subframe.
  • the R-PDCCH is a new type of control channel utilizing the data region originally developed in the context of half-duplex relay operation.
  • R-PDCCH and R-PHICH are mapped to resource elements (REs) originally designated as the data region.
  • the new control channel may be in the form of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), or a combination of FDM and TDM.
  • the eNB may send the PSS, SSS and PBCH in the center 1.08 MHz of the system bandwidth used by the eNB.
  • the eNB may send the PCFICH and PHICH across the entire system bandwidth in each symbol period in which these channels are sent.
  • the eNB may send the PDCCH to groups of UEs in certain portions of the system bandwidth.
  • the eNB may send the PDSCH to specific UEs in specific portions of the system bandwidth.
  • the eNB may send the PSS, SSS, PBCH, PCFICH and PHICH in a broadcast manner to all UEs, may send the PDCCH in a unicast manner to specific UEs, and may also send the PDSCH in a unicast manner to specific UEs.
  • a number of resource elements may be available in each symbol period. Each resource element may cover one subcarrier in one symbol period and may be used to send one modulation symbol, which may be a real or complex value. Resource elements not used for a reference signal in each symbol period may be arranged into resource element groups (REGs). Each REG may include four resource elements in one symbol period.
  • the PCFICH may occupy four REGs, which may be spaced approximately equally across frequency, in symbol period 0.
  • the PHICH may occupy three REGs, which may be spread across frequency, in one or more configurable symbol periods. For example, the three REGs for the PHICH may all belong in symbol period 0 or may be spread in symbol periods 0, 1 and 2.
  • the PDCCH may occupy 9, 18, 32 or 64 REGs, which may be selected from the available REGs, in the first M symbol periods. Only certain combinations of REGs may be allowed for the PDCCH.
  • a UE may know the specific REGs used for the PHICH and the PCFICH.
  • the UE may search different combinations of REGs for the PDCCH.
  • the number of combinations to search is typically less than the number of allowed combinations for the PDCCH.
  • An eNB may send the PDCCH to the UE in any of the combinations that the UE will search.
  • a UE may be within the coverage of multiple eNBs.
  • One of these eNBs may be selected to serve the UE.
  • the serving eNB may be selected based on various criteria such as received power, path loss, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), etc.
  • a UE may be assigned resource blocks in the control section to transmit control information to an eNB.
  • the UE may also be assigned resource blocks in the data section to transmit data to the eNode B.
  • the UE may transmit control information in a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) on the assigned resource blocks 310 a and 310 b in the control section.
  • the UE may transmit only data or both data and control information in a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) on the assigned resource blocks 320 a and 320 b in the data section.
  • An uplink transmission may span both slots of a subframe and may hop across frequency as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the pico eNB 110 x and the relay station 110 r which generally transmit at substantially lower power levels (e.g., 100 mW-2 W), may be deployed in a relatively unplanned manner to eliminate coverage holes in the coverage area provided by the macro eNBs 110 a - c and improve capacity in the hot spots.
  • the femto eNBs 110 y - z which are typically deployed independently from the wireless network 100 may, nonetheless, be incorporated into the coverage area of the wireless network 100 either as a potential access point to the wireless network 100 , if authorized by their administrator(s), or at least as an active and aware eNB that may communicate with the other eNBs 110 of the wireless network 100 to perform resource coordination and coordination of interference management.
  • the femto eNBs 110 y - z typically also transmit at substantially lower power levels (e.g., 100 mW-2 W) than the macro eNBs 110 a - c.
  • each UE is usually served by the eNB 110 with the better signal quality, while the unwanted signals received from the other eNBs 110 are treated as interference. While such operational principals can lead to significantly sub-optimal performance, gains in network performance are realized in the wireless network 100 by using intelligent resource coordination among the eNBs 110 , better server selection strategies, and more advanced techniques for efficient interference management.
  • the potentially large disparity (e.g., approximately 20 dB) between the transmit power levels of the macro eNBs 110 a - c and the pico eNB 110 x implies that, in a mixed deployment, the downlink coverage area of the pico eNB 110 x will be much smaller than that of the macro eNBs 110 a - c.
  • the signal strength of the uplink signal is governed by the UE, and, thus, will be similar when received by any type of the eNBs 110 .
  • uplink handoff boundaries will be determined based on channel gains. This can lead to a mismatch between downlink handover boundaries and uplink handover boundaries. Without additional network accommodations, the mismatch would make the server selection or the association of UE to eNB more difficult in the wireless network 100 than in a macro eNB-only homogeneous network, where the downlink and uplink handover boundaries are more closely matched.
  • server selection is based predominantly on downlink received signal strength, the usefulness of mixed eNB deployment of heterogeneous networks, such as the wireless network 100 , will be greatly diminished.
  • the larger coverage area of the higher powered macro eNBs, such as the macro eNBs 110 a - c limits the benefits of splitting the cell coverage with the pico eNBs, such as the pico eNB 110 x , because, the higher downlink received signal strength of the macro eNBs 110 a - c will attract all of the available UEs, while the pico eNB 110 x may not be serving any UE because of its much weaker downlink transmission power.
  • the macro eNBs 110 a - c will likely not have sufficient resources to efficiently serve those UEs. Therefore, the wireless network 100 will attempt to actively balance the load between the macro eNBs 110 a - c and the pico eNB 110 x by expanding the coverage area of the pico eNB 110 x . This concept is referred to as cell range expansion (CRE).
  • CRE cell range expansion
  • the pico eNB 110 x engages in control channel and data channel interference coordination with the dominant interfering ones of the macro eNBs 110 a - c .
  • Many different techniques for interference coordination may be employed to manage interference. For example, inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) may be used to reduce interference from cells in co-channel deployment.
  • One ICIC mechanism is adaptive resource partitioning.
  • Adaptive resource partitioning assigns subframes to certain eNBs. In subframes assigned to a first eNB, neighbor eNBs do not transmit. Thus, interference experienced by a UE served by the first eNB is reduced. Subframe assignment may be performed on both the uplink and downlink channels.
  • subframes may be allocated between three classes of subframes: protected subframes (U subframes), prohibited subframes (N subframes), and common subframes (C subframes).
  • Protected subframes are assigned to a first eNB for use exclusively by the first eNB.
  • Protected subframes may also be referred to as “clean” subframes based on the lack of interference from neighboring eNBs.
  • Prohibited subframes are subframes assigned to a neighbor eNB, and the first eNB is prohibited from transmitting data during the prohibited subframes.
  • a prohibited subframe of the first eNB may correspond to a protected subframe of a second interfering eNB.
  • the first eNB is the only eNB transmitting data during the first eNB's protected subframe.
  • Common subframes may be used for data transmission by multiple eNBs.
  • Common subframes may also be referred to as “unclean” subframes because of the possibility of interference from other eNBs.
  • At least one protected subframe is statically assigned per period. In some cases only one protected subframe is statically assigned. For example, if a period is 8 milliseconds, one protected subframe may be statically assigned to an eNB during every 8 milliseconds. Other subframes may be dynamically allocated.
  • Adaptive resource partitioning information allows the non-statically assigned subframes to be dynamically allocated. Any of protected, prohibited, or common subframes may be dynamically allocated (AU, AN, AC subframes, respectively).
  • the dynamic assignments may change quickly, such as, for example, every one hundred milliseconds or less.
  • Heterogeneous networks may have eNBs of different power classes. For example, three power classes may be defined, in decreasing power class, as macro eNBs, pico eNBs, and femto eNBs.
  • macro eNBs, pico eNBs, and femto eNBs are in a co-channel deployment, the power spectral density (PSD) of the macro eNB (aggressor eNB) may be larger than the PSD of the pico eNB and the femto eNB (victim eNBs) creating large amounts of interference with the pico eNB and the femto eNB.
  • PSD power spectral density
  • Protected subframes may be used to reduce or minimize interference with the pico eNBs and femto eNBs. That is, a protected subframe may be scheduled for the victim eNB to correspond with a prohibited subframe on the aggressor eNB.
  • a distributed algorithm may be used that makes resource usage decisions based on the channel information from a certain set of nodes.
  • the slowly-adaptive interference algorithm may be deployed either using a central entity or by distributing the algorithm over various sets of nodes/entities in the network.
  • a UE may operate in a dominant interference scenario in which the UE may observe high interference from one or more interfering eNBs.
  • a dominant interference scenario may occur due to restricted association.
  • the UE 120 y may be close to the femto eNB 110 y and may have high received power for the eNB 110 y .
  • the UE 120 y may not be able to access the femto eNB 110 y due to restricted association and may then connect to the macro eNB 110 c (as shown in FIG. 1 ) or to the femto eNB 110 z also with lower received power (not shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • a transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 530 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) 532 a through 532 t .
  • Each modulator 532 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream.
  • Each modulator 532 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal.
  • Downlink signals from modulators 532 a through 532 t may be transmitted via the antennas 534 a through 534 t , respectively.
  • a transmit processor 564 may receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 562 and control information (e.g., for the PUCCH) from the controller/processor 580 .
  • the transmit processor 564 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal.
  • the symbols from the transmit processor 564 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 566 if applicable, further processed by the demodulators 554 a through 554 r (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc.), and transmitted to the eNB 110 .
  • the UE may select which of its IC capabilities to maintain and/or deactivate based on the detected operating conditions, the UE may adjust how it reports its currently selected IC capability to the base station.
  • a UE may divide its IC capabilities into different groups. These groups may be simple or random groups or may also be logical groups.
  • a first capability group may include common channel IC, such as IC of PSS, SSS, PBCH, CRS, and the like (Group 1).
  • a second capability group may include control channel IC, such as IC of PCFICH, PHICH, and PDCCH, and the like (Group 2).
  • a third capability group may include data channel IC, such as IC of PDSCH interference (Group 3).
  • the UE may signal its IC capabilities to eNBs based on its defined groups, such that a given UE may signal the eNB that it uses capability Groups 1, 2, and 3, or some combination of capability Groups 1, 2, and 3.
  • the UE may define its capabilities based on IC classes, whereby Class 1 includes the capabilities associated with Group 1, Class 2 includes the capabilities associated with Group 1 and Group 2, etc.
  • the number of groups and classes and their respective granularity of capabilities may also vary based on implementation.
  • macro cell 102 b includes macro eNB 110 b and pico eNB 110 x .
  • Macro cell 102 b further includes multiple UEs 120 , one of which is a range expansion UE 120 x that is disposed within pico cell 102 x . Any particular UE is referred to as a range expansion UE when it is located within the CRE area of a particular pico node. It is appreciated that UE 120 x is subjected to multiple interference sources such as intra-cell interference from devices within cell 102 b (e.g. eNB 110 b , other UEs within cell 102 b , and the like), and inter-cell interference from other devices, such as macro eNB 110 c .
  • interference sources such as intra-cell interference from devices within cell 102 b (e.g. eNB 110 b , other UEs within cell 102 b , and the like), and inter-cell interference from other devices, such as macro eNB 110 c .
  • a UE may be configured to utilize control and data IC methods where the interference from one or more cells is estimated/decoded and then cancelled at the UE. These methods reduce the total interference seen by a UE and improve overall UE throughputs.
  • Such IC methods may be implemented within a UE (such as UE 120 of FIG. 5 ) using one or more processing resources such as receive processor 558 , transmit processor 564 , controller processor 580 , etc.
  • aspects of the present application may provide for co-scheduling of data/control IC capable range expansion UEs, by pico nodes, on resources which are used by macro nodes. By utilizing such co-scheduling, efficient range expansion may be implemented while allowing a macro node to not relinquish any (or to relinquish less) resources to pico nodes. Further, aspects may provide for static or dynamic coordination among macro nodes to control the power and other characteristics of interference (e.g. data signals that can be readily cancelled) which are created by macro node transmissions to pico served UEs.
  • interference e.g. data signals that can be readily cancelled
  • subframe is used to denote a unit of resource in time.
  • the term subframe may also be applied to any other unit of resource such as a subband (in frequency), or a combination of such unit types.
  • pico node will be used to refer to any type of lower powered node or access point, such as a pico access point, femto access point, relay, remote radio head (RRH), and the like.
  • a macro node In the absence of control/data IC by a UE, a macro node usually does not transmit control/data on certain subframes. Such frames are referred to as almost blank subframes (ABS), as they may be blank, or may contain pilot signals or other reference signals. For example, in a range expansion scenario, four out of eight subframes may be marked as ABS. In this case, a macro UE is often not scheduled for fifty percent of the time (e.g., during the ABSs) and a pico range expansion UE is often not scheduled for the other fifty percent of the time.
  • ABS almost blank subframes
  • four out of eight subframes may be marked as ABS.
  • a macro UE is often not scheduled for fifty percent of the time (e.g., during the ABSs) and a pico range expansion UE is often not scheduled for the other fifty percent of the time.
  • the ABSs can be converted to quasi-ABSs.
  • a plurality of macro sets are designated according to operating characteristics of a macro node. Operating characteristics may include any characteristic which divides communications in a manner which is cancelable by a UE.
  • macro sets can be formed based on the sectors, designated groups of antennas, or the like. Sectors corresponding to a macro node may be partitioned into macro-sets which is described below with respect to FIG. 6 .
  • a quasi-ABS may include data from one or more of the macro sets and may place one or more special restrictions on the data being transmitted.
  • data may be restricted by the rank or priority of the transmission (e.g., rank 1 only), the transmission mode (e.g., TM3 only or TM3/4 only), the traffic to pilot ratio (e.g., TPR of 0 dB only), the modulation and coding scheme of the transmission (e.g., 64 QAM transmissions prohibited), etc.
  • rank 1 the rank or priority of the transmission
  • the transmission mode e.g., TM3 only or TM3/4 only
  • the traffic to pilot ratio e.g., TPR of 0 dB only
  • the modulation and coding scheme of the transmission e.g., 64 QAM transmissions prohibited
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram 600 conceptually illustrating an example layout of macro sets 606 - 608 for a hexagonal deployment according to one aspect of the present disclosure
  • a coverage area 602 of a macro node 601 is divided into hexagonal sectors, e.g., sectors 603 - 605 .
  • Sectors 603 - 605 are represented with shading of different hatching patterns.
  • Each hatching pattern represents a different macro set, macro sets 606 - 608 .
  • Each sector having the same hatching pattern belongs to the same macro set.
  • the illustrated example includes three macro sets 606 - 608 corresponding to the three different hatching patterns of sectors 603 - 605 .
  • macro sets 606 - 608 are being utilized for the sake of example, and in some aspects a greater or fewer number of macro sets could be used. It is appreciated that the number of sets utilized may be a function of the capabilities of one or more of a macro node, pico node, and/or range expansion UEs.
  • the configuration that is selected by the network may, in some aspects, be influenced primarily by two factors: (a) the number of interferers that a UE can cancel (such as, a UE specific capability that does not depend on the network); and (b) the number of dominant macro interferers seen by pico range expansion UEs (such as, a number that depends on the location of the UE in the network).
  • the macro sets may be considered, for purposes of this example, to be partitioned into different hatching patterns.
  • This UE is then scheduled on a subframe on which no more than one macro set is active.
  • Another UE which sees three interferers, two of which are a first hatching pattern and the other one is a second hatching pattern, and is capable of canceling one interferer.
  • This UE can be scheduled on any subframe on which the first hatching pattern macro set is inactive.
  • a third UE which sees three interferers, again two of which are the first hatching pattern and one is the second hatching pattern, but the UE has an ability to cancel two interferers.
  • This UE can be scheduled on any subframe does not have both the first and second hatching pattern macro sets active.
  • the network may pick a configuration and then schedule UEs (macro UEs, pico UEs within the normal coverage area, pico range expansion UEs) in the appropriate subframes.
  • UEs macro UEs, pico UEs within the normal coverage area, pico range expansion UEs
  • the number of macro sets used by a macro node and how they are transmitted may be pre-determined.
  • the macro node may determine the number of macro sets and determine which sets will be broadcast on which subframe. This determination may be made in light of information obtained regarding one or more of a pico node, UE, etc. For example, in the event that a UE has limited IC capabilities, a macro node may receive this information and determine to utilize less macro sets in one or more subframes in order to allow a range expansion UE to cancel interference from the macro node. Conversely, if a UE has greater IC capabilities, more macro sets may be utilized in a subframe while maintaining the UE's ability to compensate for these signals.
  • aspects of the present disclosure provide many advantages for increasing throughput in a heterogeneous network that uses range expansion elements.
  • the use of quasi-ABSs having macro sets and partitioning those subframes as discussed above provides for better, more granular use of a macro node's resources.
  • eNB 110 may be utilized to implement method 800 .
  • processing blocks within method 800 may be implemented by one or more of the various processing resources of eNB 110 , such as transmit processor 520 , controller/processor 540 , receive processor 538 and scheduler 544 .
  • embodiments may utilize multiple eNBs 110 in communication with each other, such as a macro eNB and a pico eNB.
  • method 800 may include, at 803 , partitioning a plurality of subframes to provide for a partition which will be used by a range expansion resource, which include various types of network entities such as pico nodes, user entities, and the like, where at least one subframe of the partitioned plurality of subframes includes at least one of the formed quasi-ABSs.
  • the partition for the range expansion resource may include both ABS and quasi-ABSs.
  • the amount of frames partitioned for the range expansion resource may also vary according to the desired implementation. Considerations regarding the amount of resources needed between a pico node and macro node may influence such determinations.
  • method 800 may include additional processing blocks, such as in the event that operating characteristics include sectorization of the macro node, method 800 may designate a plurality of sectors corresponding to the macro node, wherein the plurality of macro sets are formed corresponding to the designated plurality of sectors. Further, method 800 may schedule, by a pico node, a transmission to a user entity within a quasi-ABS. Additional aspects may also include receiving data corresponding to a property of a range expansion UE (such as IC capabilities, information regarding observed signals, etc.) and determining which macro sets will be active in a quasi-ABS based at least in part on the received data.
  • a range expansion UE such as IC capabilities, information regarding observed signals, etc.
  • UE 120 may be utilized to implement method 900 .
  • processing blocks within method 900 may be implemented by one or more of the various processing resources of UE 120 , such as transmit processor 564 and controller processor 580 , receive processor 558 .
  • Method 900 may involve, at 901 , providing, by a user entity, interference information to a macro node. As described above, such information may include information regarding IC capabilities of UE 120 , information regarding interfering signals observed by UE 120 , etc. Method 900 may further involve, at 902 , receiving a communication scheduled by a pico node, where the communication is conveyed on a quasi-ABS which contains information corresponding to at least one macro set of data from a macro node.
  • a macro set may include a restricted transmission of data such as to include, e.g., data having a preselected priority, data having a pre-selected a transmission mode, data having a minimum traffic to pilot ratio, data having a specified a modulation and coding property, and the like.
  • Method 900 may further involve cancelling interference corresponding to information which is included in the at least one macro set.
  • eNB 110 may be utilized to implement method 1000 .
  • processing blocks within method 1000 may be implemented by one or more of the various processing resources of eNB 110 , such as transmit processor 520 , controller processor 540 , receive processor 538 and scheduler 544 .
  • embodiments may utilize multiple eNBs 110 in communication with each other, such as a macro eNB and a pico eNB.
  • method 1000 may involve, at 1002 , scheduling the at least one quasi-ABS to be used by a range expansion user entities.
  • scheduling a quasi-ABS may include scheduling at least one user entity to utilize a quasi-ABS having a first set of macro sets of data from a macro node, and scheduling a different user entity to utilize a quasi-ABS having a second set of macro sets of data from a macro node.
  • method 1000 may also include providing interference information to a macro node such as information regarding cancellation capabilities of one or more range expansion UEs, information regarding interfering signals, and the like.
  • further aspects may include receiving an updated plurality of subframes from a macro node, and updating scheduling procedures in response to changes in the received plurality of subframes.
  • the apparatus may include a means for designating a plurality of sectors corresponding to the macro node, wherein the plurality of macro sets are formed corresponding to the designated plurality of sectors, one or more of a means for scheduling a transmission to a range expansion user entity within a quasi-ABS, a means for receiving data corresponding to a property of a range expansion UE, and a means for determining which macro sets will be active in a quasi-ABS based at least in part on the received data.
  • Such an apparatus may be implemented by a node, such as eNB 110 using various processing resources such as transmit processor 520 , controller processor 540 , receive processor 538 and scheduler 544 . Further, embodiments may utilize multiple eNBs 110 in communication with each other, such as a macro eNB and a pico eNB.
  • an apparatus configured for wireless communication.
  • Such an apparatus may be implemented on a UE, such as UE 120 , in communication with one or more eNBs 110 .
  • the apparatus may also utilize one or more of the various processing resources of UE 120 , such as transmit processor 564 and controller processor 580 , receive processor 558 .
  • the apparatus may include a means for providing, by a user entity, interference information to a macro node, and a means for receiving a communication scheduled by a pico node, where the communication is conveyed on a quasi-ABS which includes information corresponding to at least one macro set of data from a macro node.
  • the apparatus may include a means for cancelling interference corresponding to information which is included in the at least one macro set.
  • an apparatus configured for wireless communication.
  • Such an apparatus may be implemented by a node, such as eNB 110 using various processing resources such as transmit processor 520 , controller processor 540 , receive processor 538 and scheduler 544 .
  • embodiments may utilize multiple eNBs 110 in communication with each other, such as a macro eNB and a pico eNB.
  • the apparatus may include a means for receiving access to a plurality of subframes from a macro node, such as pico eNB 110 x , where at least one of the plurality of subframes includes a quasi-ABS which includes information corresponding to at least one macro set of data from a macro node.
  • the apparatus may further include a means for scheduling, such as scheduler 544 , the at least one quasi-ABS to be used by a range expansion user entity.
  • the apparatus may include one or more of a means for providing interference information to a macro node (e.g. control processor 540 /transmit processor 520 ).
  • the scheduling means (e.g. scheduler 544 ) may also comprise a means for scheduling at least one user entity to utilize a quasi-ABS having a first set of macro sets of data from a macro node, and a means for scheduling a different user entity to utilize a quasi-ABS having a second set of macro sets of data from a macro node.
  • Further aspects may also include a means for receiving, such as via receive processor 538 , an updated plurality of subframes from a macro node and a means for updating scheduling procedures in response to changes in the received plurality of subframes.
  • the functional blocks and modules in the FIGS may comprise processors, electronics devices, hardware devices, electronics components, logical circuits, memories, software codes, firmware codes, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • a software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC may reside in a user terminal.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
  • the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
  • such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL), then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or are included in the definition of medium.
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • the term “and/or,” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed.
  • the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.

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US13/863,927 US9270441B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2013-04-16 Method and apparatus for improving resource usage in communication networks using interference cancelation
EP13785713.2A EP2912907B1 (fr) 2012-10-24 2013-10-16 Procédé et appareil pour améliorer l'utilisation de ressource dans des réseaux de communication à l'aide d'une annulation de brouillage
CN201811072834.8A CN109309963B (zh) 2012-10-24 2013-10-16 用于使用干扰消除来改善通信网络中的资源利用的方法和装置
CN201380055245.8A CN104737607B (zh) 2012-10-24 2013-10-16 用于使用干扰消除来改善通信网络中的资源利用的方法和装置
KR1020157013117A KR101654626B1 (ko) 2012-10-24 2013-10-16 간섭 제거를 이용하여 통신 네트워크들에서 자원 사용률을 개선하기 방법 및 장치
JP2015539658A JP6382207B2 (ja) 2012-10-24 2013-10-16 干渉消去を使用して通信ネットワークにおけるリソース使用状況を改善するための方法および装置
PCT/US2013/065191 WO2014066109A2 (fr) 2012-10-24 2013-10-16 Procédé et appareil pour améliorer l'utilisation de ressource dans des réseaux de communication à l'aide d'une annulation de brouillage
KR1020167023905A KR101983222B1 (ko) 2012-10-24 2013-10-16 간섭 제거를 이용하여 통신 네트워크들에서 자원 사용률을 개선하기 위한 방법 및 장치
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JP2015536611A (ja) 2015-12-21
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EP2912907B1 (fr) 2019-02-20
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EP2912907A2 (fr) 2015-09-02
US20140112262A1 (en) 2014-04-24
US10020911B2 (en) 2018-07-10
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US20160112154A1 (en) 2016-04-21

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