US926803A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

E. I. BRADD'OGK.

TURBINE.

APPLIUATION FILED FEB. 24, 1909.

Patented July 6, 1 909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

E. I. BRADDOGK.

TURBINE.

APPLIUATION FILED 11213.24, 1909.

926,803, Patented July 6, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Fig. z.

Patented July 6, 1909.

5 SHEETS-BHEBT 3- E. I. BRADDOCK.

TURBINB.

APPLIOATION FILED PEB. 24, 1909.

-W, @M3-W E. -I. BRADDOCK.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24, 1909.

926,803. Patented July 6, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Fig 12.

"UNITED sTAirEs PATENT onirica.

EDWARD I. BRADDOOK, OF WINOHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO BRADDOOK MOTIVE POWER COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

TURBINE Specification of Letters Yatent.

Patented July 6, 1909.

Application filed February 24, 1909. Serial Noi 479,704.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that l, EDWARD l. BRADDooK, a citizen of the United States, residing in lNinchester, county of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Turbine-Engines, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a speciication, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to a turbine engine or motor of that class in which a piston wheel is provided with peripheral blades or vanes, and has for its object to provide a turbine engine or motor of the class described, which is economical and of increased efficiency and in which the expansion as Well as the velocity of the steam or other fluid is utilized. For this purpose, the piston Wheel is provided with an annular body portion having annular sidev flanges, which form an annular fluid chamber about the circumference of the wheel, which is se arated by a plurality of sets of substantial y radial blades or vanes extended transversely of the chamber from fiange to flange and arranged to interrupt the continuity of the said chamber and form two sets of transversely extended throats, with the throats formed by one set of blades in line with the blades of the other set, so as to revent a direct passage ofthe steam or other uid about the wheel and utilize to the fullest extent the expansion of the steam. In the present instance the sets of blades or vanes are arranged, so that one -se't of blades or vanes is substantial central with relation to the annular chamber and forms throats at its ends which are in line with the blades of the other set, Which'are arranged so as to form substantially central throats in line with the blades or vanes of the first mentioned set.

The invention further consists in novel features of construction as will be described.

These and other features of this invention will be pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification.

Figure 1 is a lan view of a turbine engine or motor embo ying-this invention. Fig. 2, a side elevation of the engine shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3, a partial elevation and section of the engine shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4, a detail in section of one of the piston wheels. Fig. 5, a sectional detail on an enlarged scale to be referred to. Fig. 6, an end elevation ofthe engine shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 7,.a vertical seci tion on the line 7 7, Fig. 1. Fig. 8, a detail in elevation to be referred to. Figs. 9 and 10, enlarged details in' section to be referred to, and Figs. 11 and 12, details to be referred to.

Referring to the drawings, a represents a casing having a circular bore or opening b Within which are located a plurality of piston Wheels c fast on a shaft d, which is supported in suitable bearings carried by side plates f, secured to the sides of the casing a as by screws or bolts g or otherwise. The casing a. is provided at its bottom with a flange h and at its sides with a plurality of fluid passages for a' -purpose as will be described. The flange h rests upon and is secured to a hollow base t. Each piston wheel c is preferably cast in one piece and comprises as herein portion 10 provided with annular side flanges which are located a plurality of sets of substantially radial blades or varies 15, 16,. which extend transversely of the chamber 14 from one side flange to the other so -as to "make a strong and durable piston wheel. The sets of blades or vanes 15, 16, are arranged with relation to oneanother about the piston wheel so as to interrupt the continuity ofthe annular chamber 14 and forma j\series of transversely extended throats, with the throats formed by the blades of one set in the present instance, this result is obtained by making the blades 15 of one set 1n two parts located in a substantially radial line the other set between the blades 1.5 in line with the throats or openings 18 and so as to (see Figs. 4 and 5). In this manner a very eflicient turbine engine is obtained, inasmuch as the steam passing through a central throat or opening 18 impacts against the blade 16,

through which the steam passes and is directed against a preceding blade 15, after which the steam expands radially inward and passes through the central throat 18 between the blades 15 and impacts against the next preceding central blade 16, and so on until the steam or other fluid reaches the exshown (see Figs. 3 and 4) an annular body 1.2, 13, forming an annular chamber 14, inV

line with the blades of the other set, and in leave throats 19 in line with the blades 15- and separated to form a substantially cenj tral tl1roat`18 and arranging the blades 16 of# and then expands substantially radially in opposite 'directions into the throats 19,

haustas will be described. The course of the steam is clearly indicated by the arrows in Fig. 5.

The annular body portion 10 of the piston wheel may be provided with a central web 21, which is secured to a hub 22 fast on the shaft d.

In the present instance, the casing a is provided at one end with steam inlet passages or nozzles 25, 26, for each piston wheel, and an intermediate exhaust passage 27 common to all the piston wheels, and at its opposite end with like inlet passages or nozzles 28, 29, for each piston wheel and an intermediate exhaust passage 30 common to all the piston wheels. The fluid inlet nozzles 25, 26, incline in opposite directions to each other (see Fig. 3), and the inlet nozzles 28, 29, incline in opposite directions to each other. The fluid inlet nozzles 25, 26, are supplied with steam from a valve chest 31, preferably made as herein shown and provided with outlet passages 32, 33, communicating with the nozzles 25, 26, and an intermediate inlet passage 34, which is designed to be connected with the outlet passages 32, 33, and communication with which is controlled by piston valves 36 37, having a common stem 38, which may be actuated in any suitable manner. The piston valve 36 controls communication be tween the inlet passage 34 and the outlet passage 32, and the piston valve 37 controls communication between the inlet passage 34 and the outlet passage 33. As represented in Fig. 3, the valve 37 is open and the nozzle 26 is being supplied with steam, while the valve 36 is closed and the nozzle 25'is idle, being cut ofi from the steam supply passage 34. The nozzles 28, 29 at the opposite end of the casing communicate in a similar manner with a steam supply passage 40 in a valve chest 41, which is provided with outlet passages 42, 43 communicating with the nozzles 28, 29, and with piston valves 45, 46, controlling the supply of steam to said nozzles and having a common stem 47. The valves 45, 46 in the chest 41 are designed to work opposite to the valves 36, 37 in the chest 31, so that steam may be simultaneously admitted to the upper nozzle 28 on one side of the engine and to a lower nozzle-26 on the opposite sideof the engine when the piston wheel and its shaft arey driven in one direction, indicated by the arrow 50, Figs. 2 and 3, and so that when the valves 45, 36 are shifted or moved longitudinally so as to reverse the engine, the upper nozzle 25 will be connected with the steam supply passage 34 of the valve chest 31, and the lower nozzle 29 will be connected with the steam supply pasy sage 40 of the valve chest 41. In the present instance, the engine is provided with three piston wheels mounted on the shaft d (see Fig. 7) and the valve chests 31, 41, are provided with a set of valves for each piston wheel. In practice the valvesin the two chests 31 41 may have their stems connected by suitable mechanism (not shown) so as to be operated automatically, or they may be manually operated.

The steam supplied to the piston wheels is permitted to expand and travel about the same for substantially one hall' of the circumference of the same before it meets the ex` haust passages 27, 30, which as above stated are common to all the piston wheels, as represented in Fig. 8.

The exhaust passage 27 communicates at its opposite sides or ends with passages 52 in the side plates f, which communicate with the op osite ends of an exhaust chamber 53 forme in the lower part of the casing a and communicating with a chamber 55 in the upper part of the base i, the chamber 55 having an outlet 56 for the exhaust. The exhaust passage 30 communicates with the passages 57 in the side platesf, and the passages 57 communicates with the chamber 53.

The piston valves 36, 37 may be reciprocated in a sleeveor bushing 60 fitted in the valve chest 31 and having about its circumference a series of ports or holes 61, which communicate with the steam supply passage 34 and with holes 62, 63, communicating with the outlet passages 32, 33, respectively. The valve chest 41 is provided with a similar bushing 64. It may be preferred to employT the sleeves or bushings 60, 64, but it is not desired to limit the invention in this respect.

Each piston wheel may be secured to the shaft d 1n any suitable manner, and in the `resent instance, the web 21 is bolted to the liub 22, which is made in two parts keyed or otherwise fastened to the shaft d.

The passages 25, 26, 28, 29, in the casing a, may be used as nozzles, and in ractice it may be preferred to so use them w en a fluid of low pressure is employed, but when the pressure of the fluid is substantially high, it is preferred to employ a nozzle having a restricted inlet end and a larger or expanding outlet end, and this result may be obtained by inserting into the said passages top and bottom plates 70, 71, (see Figs. 8 and 12), which are slid into dove-tailed guideways in the side walls of said passages. By varying the thickness of the plates 7 0, 71, the inlet end of the nozzle can be made narrower or wider according to the pressure of the fluid to be used, and it will be understood that the dove-tailed guideways extend into the pasis:

sages so as to diverge with relation to the inlet end, and thereby enable the steam or other fluid under high pressure to expand in the nozzle itself before it reaches the piston wheel. The plates 70, 71, may be provided `with lugs or projections 72 to limit their inward movement into their passages.

l The shaft d is preferably provided with l ball bearings, which may be of any suitable j construction, and in the present instance one il l) lil-3 construction of ball4 bearing is shown (see Fi s. 7 and 9), which consists of a disk or annu ar member 75 fast on the shaft d and provided with an annular semi-circular groove 76 for the reception of balls 77, which run in a corres onding groove 78 in anv annular ring 79, whic is stationary, and as shown in Fig. 9, the ring 79 is secured in place by a cap 80 secured to the side plate j" by the bolts 82. 1t is designed that the ball bearings should run` in oil, and for this purpose, an oil chamber 84 is formed on one side ,platef by the cap 80, which forms one side wall of said chamber, while the other side wall is formed by a metal dia )hragm 85, having a central opening throug which the shaft d extends. A fluid-tight joint around the shaft d is obtained by a metallic packing comprising ar ring 86 attached to or forming part of the diaphragm on its inner side and provided with a beveled surface 87, which engages a'correspondingly beveled surface 88 of a collar or rinO 89 fast on the shaft d to revolve therewith. The collar or rin(r 89 is rendered liquid-tight on the shaft by allibrous acking 9() forced into a chamber in the col ar or ring 89. A liquid-tight joint at the outer' circumference of the diaphragm 85 is obtainable by a washer 92 of suitable fibrous material, which is irmly compressed against the side )latef by a ring 93, which engages'the diap iragm and is secured to the plate f by the bolts 94 and nuts 95. It will be understood that the diaphragm 85 has a spring action which serves to take up the wear be'- tween the beveled surface 88 on the revolving ring or collar 89 and the beveledsurface 87 on the ring 86, and that the revolution of the ring 89 wears the two beveled surfaces 88, 87, uniformly and makes a ground joint.

beyond the side plate and an oil-tight chamber 97 is formed by two diaphragms 85 and two metallic ground joint members 86, 89, as shown in Fig. 10 and which neednot be specifically described, as they are likeI the diaphragm 85 and ground joint members 86, 89, shown in Fig. 9 and above described, ex-

cept the ball bearing ring 79 in the chamber 97 is retained in place by a detachable ring 100.

The oil chambers 84, 97, may be supplied with oil through the pi Y es 101, 102 carried by the side plates f, an which communicate with the said chambers. The metallic packing members or ground joint not only serve to keep the oil chambers 84, 97 tight, but also prevent the escape of motive fluid through thesides of the engine about the revolving shaft d. The rings 86 carried -by the diaphragms are held inclose contact with the rings 89 on the shaft by the fluid pressure actmg on the diaphragms.

The operation of the turbine engine hereinshown maybe briefly described as follows Assume that it is desired to drive the shaft d At the other side of the engine, the shaft d projects in the direction indicated by` the arrow 50 in Figs. 2 and 1n this case, the operator moves the valves in the valve chests 31, l1J

so that the steam supply passages 34, 40 are connected with the nozzles 26, 2 8, and are eut oil from the nozzles 25, 29. 1n this case Vsteam passes into the engine through the nozzles 26, 28 and passing into the pockets or spaces between the blades 15 impacts against t ie said blades, expands and passes through the centralv throat 18 and impacts against the preceding blade 16, expands radially and passes through the throats 19 and impacts against the blades 15, until it reaches the exhaust passages 27, 30, from which it passes through the passages 52, 57 in the side plates f, into the exhaust chambers 53, 55, fromv which latter it escapes through the exhaust port 56. 1f it is desired to reverse the engine, the valves are moved to close the outlets 33, 42, and open the outlets 32, 43,whereupon steam passes to the engine through the nozzles 25, 29, and the piston wheels and the shaft d are rotated in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow 50.

Claims.

1. In a turbine engine or motor, an inclosing casing provided with a circular opening and with two setsof passages on opposite sides of said opening and communicating therewith to form on each side of said opening nozzles and ,an exhaust passage intermediate said nozzles, and provided with fluid inlet passages, valve chests attached to the opposite ends of said casing and each prov1 ed with a fluid outlet communicating with a nozzle in the casing valves in said chests controlling the passage of fluid from the said inlet passages into said nozzles, a piston wheel in the circular opening in the casing having'peripheral blades or vanes, a shaft on which said wheel is mounted, side plates for `said casing supporting said shaft, and passages in said side plates communicating .with

the exhaust passages in the casing, substantially as described.

2. In a turbine engine or motor', an inclosing casing provided with a circular opening and withpassages on opposite sides thereof and communicating therewith to form nozzles and exhaust passages, valve chests attached -to the opposite ends of said casing and each provided with a fluid outlet communicating with a nozzle in the casing, valves in said valve chests controlling the passage of fluid from the valve chests into the said nozzles, a piston wheel within said circular opening having peripheral blades or vanes, a shaft on wh1ch said wheel is mounted, side plates secured to said casing to close the circular opening and through one of which said shaft is extended, and an outlet for the exhaust in one of the side plates, substantially as described.l

3. In a turbine engine or motor, an incloszles, a piston wheel in the circular opening having eripheral blades or vanes, a shaft on which said piston wheel is mounted, side plates for said easing supporting said shaft, and means for connecting the exhaust passages with the exterior of the easing, substantially as described.

4. ln a turbine engine or motor, a piston wheel having an annular body portion provided with side flanges, and two sets of substantially radial blades or vanes extended transversely of said wheel between said flanges in staggered relation to each other, the blades of one set being extended toward a substantially central circular line about the wheel to form substantially Central transversely extended throats, and the blades of the other set being arranged in line with said central throats and forming at their ends transversely extended throats in line with the blades of the other set, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARD l. BRADDOCK.

Witnesses:

JAS. H. CHURCHILL, J. MURPHY.

Images