US9164232B2 - TE- polarization splitter based on photonic crystal waveguide - Google Patents
TE- polarization splitter based on photonic crystal waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- US9164232B2 US9164232B2 US14/372,027 US201314372027A US9164232B2 US 9164232 B2 US9164232 B2 US 9164232B2 US 201314372027 A US201314372027 A US 201314372027A US 9164232 B2 US9164232 B2 US 9164232B2
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- photonic crystal
- waveguide
- dielectric
- polarization
- crystal waveguide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/126—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind using polarisation effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
- G02B1/005—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials made of photonic crystals or photonic band gap materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1225—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/1215—Splitter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
- G02B6/2773—Polarisation splitting or combining
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of micro optical polarization splitter, in particular, to a tiny optical polarization splitter based on photonic crystal technology.
- polarization splitters are large in volume, and can not be used in the optical integrated circuits.
- micro optical devices including polarization splitters can be manufactured based on photonic crystals.
- photonic crystals Up to now, there are two methods, one of which is that a photonic crystal with a TE photonic bandgap and a TM transmission band, or a TM photonic bandgap and a TE transmission band are used to achieve the polarization separation of waves.
- This kind of polarization splitters can only be used as separate photonic crystal devices, since the transmittance and degree of polarization are poor, and it is difficult to integrate them into other photonic crystal devices.
- the other is that different relative coupling lengths are designed in order to couple light waves with different polarization states into different waveguides by means of long-distance coupling between waveguides, utilizing the method of the periodic coupling and odd-even state alternation between the waveguides.
- the polarization splitters obtained by the two methods above although the volume thereof has been much smaller than that of conventional polarization splitters, still have a relative large volume.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings in the prior arts, and to provide a TE-polarization splitter based on a photonic crystal waveguide formed in a photonic crystal with a complete photonic bandgap, to be convenient for integration with high efficiency and a small dimension.
- the object of the present invention is realized through the following technical schemes.
- the TE-polarization splitter based on a photonic crystal waveguide includes a waveguide formed in a photonic crystal with a complete photonic bandgap, wherein after the incident wave with any polarization direction is inputted into the polarization splitter via the input port of the photonic crystal waveguide, TE wave is outputted from the output port of the polarization splitter, while the TM wave is reflected from the input port of the polarization splitter.
- Dielectric defect rods are arranged in the photonic crystal waveguide, the refractive index for the e-light is more than that for the o-light in the dielectric defect rods in the waveguide, and the optical axis of the dielectric defect rods in the waveguide is parallel to the photonic crystal waveguide plane and orthogonal to the propagating direction of the wave.
- the number of the dielectric defect rods in the waveguide is 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6.
- the photonic crystal waveguide is a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide, and includes a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide with tellurium dielectric material, a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide with honeycomb structure, a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide with triangular lattice, and two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides with various irregular shapes.
- the photonic crystal waveguide has a structure formed by removing 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 rows of the dielectric rods from the photonic crystal.
- the photonic crystal waveguide plane is perpendicular to the axis of the dielectric rods in the photonic crystal.
- the present invention has the following advantages:
- the structure has the advantages of small volume, high degree of polarization, high light transmission efficiency, and being suitable for large-scale optical integrated circuits;
- the present invention can completely realize the polarization separation function via a kind of dielectric defect rods in a small volume, thus it is convenient for optical integration and high efficient;
- the present invention can realize the polarization beam splitting function for different wavelengths by the method of scaling the lattice constant and other geometric parameters utilizing the scaling property of photonic crystals.
- FIG. 1 is the schematic diagram, showing the structure of a Tellurium photonic crystal waveguide device used in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is the power of TE and TM waves in the TE output channel versus the side length of the square dielectric defect rods in the waveguide of the TE polarization splitter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is the extinction ratio of light in the TE output channel versus the side length of the square dielectric defect rods in the waveguide of the TE polarization splitter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is the degree of polarization of light in the TE output channel versus the side length of the square dielectric defect rods in the waveguide of the TE polarization splitter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is the extinction ratio of light versus wavelength in the TE output channel in the photonic bandgap region of the photonic crystal in the TE polarization splitter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is the degree of polarization of light versus wavelength in the TE output channel in the photonic bandgap region of the photonic crystal in the TE polarization splitter according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is the simulated field distribution for TE waves.
- FIG. 8 is the simulated field distribution for TM waves.
- the dielectric material in the principle introduction and the embodiments of the present invention is Te dielectric rod as an example.
- Tellurium is a uniaxial positive crystal
- the photonic bandgap can be obtained by the plane wave expansion.
- the photonic bandgap is 3.928 to 4.550 ( ⁇ a/2 ⁇ c), and the light wave with any frequency therein will be confined in the waveguide.
- square dielectric defect rods are introduced in the waveguide, such that the equivalent refractive indexes of the defect rods for the light wave with different polarization states is different, thus the defect rods can result in one polarization state to be totally reflected and the other polarization state to be totally transmitted.
- the dielectric defect rods having different performance for different polarization states are applied near the end surface of the waveguide, and thus the separation of the light waves with different polarizations can be realized.
- Cartesian rectangular coordinate system is used in the description, wherein the positive direction of X axis is to the right horizontally in the paper plane; the positive direction of Y axis is vertically upward in the paper plane; and the positive direction of Z axis is outward vertically to the paper plane.
- the equivalent refractive indexes of the dielectric defect rods are:
- n eff TE and n eff TM represent the equivalent refractive indexes for TE and TM lights, respectively
- E x , E y and E z are the x, y, z components of the electric field, respectively.
- the reflection ratio (R) and the transmissivity (T) of the light wave in the waveguide due to the dielectric defect rods can be expressed as:
- each square dielectric defect rod is consistent with the center of the round dielectric rod which was originally deleted to form the waveguide, so that the four square tellurium dielectric defect rods are arranged in square, and the distance between the centers of two nearest squares is a, the distance between the center of the square dielectric defect-rod and that of the nearest background dielectric rod is also a, and the side length of each square dielectric defect rod is 0.575a.
- the optical axis of the four square tellurium dielectric defect rods is perpendicular to the optical axis of the background cylinder tellurium dielectric rods in the photonic crystal.
- the incident signal port is at the position “1” in FIG. 1 .
- Light is propagated in the waveguide formed by the array of “3” dielectric rods, after the light arrives at the defect position “4”, the TE wave is totally transmitted, and the TM wave is totally isolated. After the signal acted with the defect rods, the TE wave will be finally outputted at the position “2” of the output port.
- the selection functions are provided as follows:
- the lattice constant and the operating wavelength can be determined by the following ways. According to the refractive index curve of the uniaxial crystal tellurium, tellurium has a relative stable refractive index in the wavelength range between 3.5a ⁇ 35a.
- the extinction ratio in the waveguide is defined as:
- Extinction ⁇ ⁇ Ratio TE 10 ⁇ log 10 ⁇ ( I TE I TM ) , for ⁇ ⁇ TE ⁇ ⁇ wave
- Extinction ⁇ ⁇ Ratio TM 10 ⁇ log 10 ⁇ ( I TM I TE ) , for ⁇ ⁇ TM ⁇ ⁇ wave .
- FIG. 2 shows the output power of different TE and TM light waves versus the side length of the four square dielectric defect rods. For the side length in the range of 0.51a-0.6a.
- the TE wave has a maximum of output power.
- the TE wave has a maximum extinction ratio, i.e., the maximum extinction ratio is 37.3 dB for the side length of 0.575a of the square dielectric defect rods.
- the TE wave has the degree of polarization larger than 0.995, e.g., for the side length of 0.575a of the square dielectric defect rods, the degree of polarization is 0.9996.
- the TE polarization splitter function of the present invention can be realized very well using all of the light waves in the wavelength band of 3.928a-4.55a except a narrow wavelength band of 4.032a-4.046a, which shows that the present invention has a large operating wavelength range, which is not available for other polarization beam splitting devices based on coupling of cavity modes.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are the light field diagrams calculated by finite element software COMSOL for the operating wavelength of 4.1a in free space. It can be observed that the TE light propagates with a high transmittance while the TM light is entirely isolated, so it has an extremely high extinction ratio.
- the direction of the e-axis of the four square dielectric defect rods in the waveguide transmitting TE is different from that of the background dielectric rods—the direction of the e-axis of the four square dielectric defect rods is parallel to the Y axis, while the e-axis of the background rods is parallel to the Z axis. Since the directions of the e-axis of the square dielectric defect rods and the background dielectric rods are different, the shape of the defect is designed as a square to ensure linear influence for the waveguide, and to reduce manufacture difficulty at the same time.
- the present invention can effectively separate light waves comprising both TE and TM components in a short distance.
- the present invention has a high extinction ratio and meanwhile has a broad operating wavelength range, which allows the pulses with a certain frequency spectrum width, or Gauss-pulse light, or light with different wavelengths, or light with multiple wavelengths to operate at the same time, and is useful in practice.
- the present invention may establish a square-lattice tellurium photonic crystal—a uniaxial positive crystal tellurium array in a square lattice arrangement on a substrate.
- both TE and TM lights can propagate in a fundamental mode in the photonic crystal waveguide formed by deleting two lines or two rows at the center of the photonic crystal.
- the e-light optical axis of each rod in the background tellurium dielectric rods in the photonic crystal must satisfy that it is consistent with the direction of the axis of the cylinder.
- the operating wavelength can be adjusted by the lattice constant of the photonic crystal. But the selection of the operating wavelength can not exceed a stable linear range of the refractive index.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
In the equation, neff TE and neff TM represent the equivalent refractive indexes for TE and TM lights, respectively, and Ex, Ey and Ez are the x, y, z components of the electric field, respectively.
-
- (1) For the incident light of mixed TE and TM waves, the TE wave is totally exported from the right-hand-side of the waveguide, and the TM wave is totally isolated.
- (2) For the incident light of only TE wave, the TE wave is exported from the right-hand side of the waveguide.
- (3) For the incident light of only TM wave, TM wave can't be brought into the right-hand side of the waveguide.
wherein f is the photonic bandgap frequency, and the normalized photonic bandgap frequency range of the square-lattice tellurium photonic crystal in the present invention
f=0.21977→0.25458, (6)
the corresponding photonic bandgap wavelength range is calculated as:
λ=3.928a˜4.55a. (7)
Thus, it can be seen that, by varying the value of the lattice constant a, the required wavelength λ proportional to the lattice constant can be acquired.
L defect=0.575a. (12)
In this case, we have neff TE→1, neff TM→∞.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210064949.9A CN102650715B (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2012-01-13 | Photonic crystal waveguide TE-polarization separator |
CN201210064949.9 | 2012-01-13 | ||
CN201210064949 | 2012-01-13 | ||
PCT/CN2013/070257 WO2013104307A1 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2013-01-09 | Photonic crystal waveguide te-polarization splitter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20140355928A1 US20140355928A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
US9164232B2 true US9164232B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
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US14/372,027 Expired - Fee Related US9164232B2 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2013-01-09 | TE- polarization splitter based on photonic crystal waveguide |
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US (1) | US9164232B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102650715B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013104307A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150219852A1 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2015-08-06 | Shenzhen University | 3d polarization beam splitter based on 2d photonic crystal slab |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102650715B (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2015-04-08 | 深圳大学 | Photonic crystal waveguide TE-polarization separator |
US9170375B2 (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2015-10-27 | Shenzhen University | TM-polarization splitter based on photonic crystal waveguide |
CN102914818B (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2014-07-02 | 广东工业大学 | Two-dimensional photonic crystal structure of split degenerate model |
CN104459990B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2017-01-11 | 欧阳征标 | High-extinction-ratio polarization unrelated optical switch based on panel photonic crystals |
US9989702B2 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2018-06-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Polarization rotator for silicon photonics |
CN108152886A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-12 | 上海新微科技服务有限公司 | A kind of three beam splitters based on silicon photonic crystal |
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2012
- 2012-01-13 CN CN201210064949.9A patent/CN102650715B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-01-09 WO PCT/CN2013/070257 patent/WO2013104307A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-01-09 US US14/372,027 patent/US9164232B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US20150219852A1 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2015-08-06 | Shenzhen University | 3d polarization beam splitter based on 2d photonic crystal slab |
US9395493B2 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2016-07-19 | Zhengbiao OUYANG | 3D polarization beam splitter based on 2D photonic crystal slab |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102650715B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
US20140355928A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
WO2013104307A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
CN102650715A (en) | 2012-08-29 |
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