US9079634B2 - Bicycle having an electrical auiliary drive - Google Patents

Bicycle having an electrical auiliary drive Download PDF

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Publication number
US9079634B2
US9079634B2 US14/178,424 US201414178424A US9079634B2 US 9079634 B2 US9079634 B2 US 9079634B2 US 201414178424 A US201414178424 A US 201414178424A US 9079634 B2 US9079634 B2 US 9079634B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
drive
motor
wheel hub
bicycle
pedal crank
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Expired - Fee Related
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US14/178,424
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US20140231163A1 (en
Inventor
Ewald STIEGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Interholz Handelsgesellschaft Mbh
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Interholz Handelsgesellschaft Mbh
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Assigned to INTERHOLZ HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT M.B.H. reassignment INTERHOLZ HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT M.B.H. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STIEGER, EWALD
Publication of US20140231163A1 publication Critical patent/US20140231163A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/55—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at crank shafts parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/20—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power generated by humans or animals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
    • B62M6/65—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts with axle and driving shaft arranged coaxially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bicycle having a pedal crank drive and having an electrical auxiliary drive, which is connected to the pedal crank drive, and which has a wheel hub motor having a freewheel hub for the rear wheel.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of implementing an electrical auxiliary drive for a bicycle such that, on the one hand, a pedaling frequency for the pedal crank drive can be maintained in a predefined range and, on the other hand, an automatic adaptation of the auxiliary drive to the respective travel conditions can be achieved.
  • the invention achieves the stated object in that the wheel hub motor for the rear wheel has a drive connection via a transmission gearing to an electrical auxiliary motor of equal size.
  • an elastic, electrical axle is more or less provided, which allows a high-performance travel operation without an additional shift transmission. It must only be ensured that a sufficiently large transmission ratio is provided to be able to use corresponding different operating points for the two motors.
  • the allocation of the required drive power to two motors of identical size additionally provides the advantage that smaller sizes of these motors can be used.
  • the transmission gearing can be implemented as a gearwheel gearing. However, simpler design conditions result if the transmission gearing is implemented as a revolving traction drive, so that chain drives or toothed belt drives, which are proven for this purpose, can be used. If a transmission ratio between the speed of the wheel hub motor for the rear wheel and the speed of the auxiliary motor greater than 1 is provided for the transmission gearing, i.e., if the wheel hub motor for the rear wheel is operated at a higher speed, the bicycle can be driven at a higher velocity via the electrical auxiliary drive. The pedal crank drive engages on the free-wheel hub of the auxiliary motor in this case.
  • the bicycle shown has a frame 1 having a mount 2 for a steering column 3 , which carries a mounting fork 4 for a front wheel 5 .
  • the rear wheel 6 which is mounted in the frame 1 , is provided with a wheel hub motor 7 , on which the spokes of the rear wheel 6 engage, which is not shown for reasons of comprehensibility, however.
  • the wheel hub motor 7 is connected via a transmission gearing 8 to an auxiliary motor 9 of identical size, which is supported on the frame 1 , wherein the transmission gearing 8 , which is implemented as a revolving traction drive 10 having a chain or a toothed belt as the traction means, engages on the freewheel hub of the wheel hub motor 7 .
  • the pedal crank 11 of the pedal crank drive 12 which is mounted in the frame 1 , has a drive connection to the freewheel hub of the auxiliary motor 9 via a revolving traction means.
  • a revolving traction means between the pedal crank drive 12 and the freewheel hub of the auxiliary motor 9 for the drive connection can be omitted and the pedal crank shaft extends coaxially to the motor shaft.
  • the wheel hub motor 7 is operated at a higher speed than the auxiliary motor 9 as a result of the selected transmission ratio of the transmission gearing 8 , at slow travel velocities, the high torques of the wheel hub motor 7 can be used at sufficiently high speeds for a stable drive, which could no longer ensure the drive stability in the range of the auxiliary motor 9 under certain circumstances.
  • the higher torques of the auxiliary motor 9 which is operated at a lower speed, is then used for the electrical auxiliary drive.
  • the requirement for this purpose is a sufficiently large transmission ratio. For example, a transmission ratio of 1:2 has proven to be advantageous.
  • the electrical auxiliary drive can be assisted in a conventional manner by the pedal crank drive 12 .
  • the pedal crank drive 12 is to be connected to the freewheel hub of the motor, which is operated at a lower speed.
  • the pedal crank drive 12 is to be designed having a corresponding transmission ratio for this purpose.
  • the front wheel 5 can also be driven via a wheel hub motor 13 , as is indicated in the drawing.
  • a wheel hub motor 13 As is indicated in the drawing.
  • an all-wheel-driven bicycle is achieved, which, in the event of corresponding activation of the wheel hub motor 13 for the front wheel 5 , has particularly good travel properties, without having to provide a shift transmission.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

A bicycle having a pedal crank drive (12) and having an electrical auxiliary drive, which is connected to the pedal crank drive (12), is described, which has a wheel hub motor (7) having a freewheel hub for the rear wheel (6). To provide advantageous drive conditions, it is proposed that the wheel hub motor (7) for the rear wheel (6) have a drive connection via a transmission gearing (8) to an electrical auxiliary motor (9) of identical size.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Applicant claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of Austrian Application No. A50112/2013 filed on Feb. 19, 2013, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a bicycle having a pedal crank drive and having an electrical auxiliary drive, which is connected to the pedal crank drive, and which has a wheel hub motor having a freewheel hub for the rear wheel.
2. Description of the Related Art
To provide advantageous design conditions for electrical auxiliary drives in bicycles, providing a wheel hub motor for the rear wheel, whose spokes engage directly on the wheel hub motor, is known. The pedal crank drive is connected to the freewheel hub of this wheel hub motor, wherein typically a shift transmission is interposed, to be able to provide an advantageous pedaling frequency range for a comparatively large speed range for the pedal crank. This means, if a gear shifter is provided, that a bicycle user must operate the gear shifter accordingly to be able to predefine advantageous operating conditions with respect to the pedal crank drive. These difficulties can be avoided by an automatic transmission, but an automatic transmission also cannot take influence on the operating point of the wheel hub motor resulting due to the motor load as a result of the travel resistance.
In addition, providing the front wheel of a bicycle with an electrical auxiliary drive is known (US 2005/067207 A1), wherein the possibility exists of also providing the rear wheel with an identical auxiliary drive. These auxiliary drives can be equipped with step-down transmissions which can be switched over, to allow an extensive adaptation of the auxiliary drives to the respective requirements. However, the design expenditure is substantially increased by the additional step-down transmissions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is therefore based on the object of implementing an electrical auxiliary drive for a bicycle such that, on the one hand, a pedaling frequency for the pedal crank drive can be maintained in a predefined range and, on the other hand, an automatic adaptation of the auxiliary drive to the respective travel conditions can be achieved.
Proceeding from a bicycle of the type described at the beginning, the invention achieves the stated object in that the wheel hub motor for the rear wheel has a drive connection via a transmission gearing to an electrical auxiliary motor of equal size.
Due to the rigid drive connection between the wheel hub motor and the auxiliary motor at a predefined transmission ratio, it is ensured that the two motors are operated in different operating ranges. This means in the case of the typical speed-torque characteristic curve for the wheel hub motors used, in which the speed decreases with increasing torque, that one of the two motors, as a result of the transmission ratio, is operated at an operating point corresponding to the lower speed and the other motor is operated at an operating point corresponding to the higher speed, with the effect that as a result of the transmission, the motor operated at the lower speed is used in particular at higher travel velocities, while the motor which is operated at higher speeds comes into effect at lower travel velocities, when the speed of the motor operated at lower speeds already sinks below an amount which makes stable motor operation difficult. Due to the two motors of the electrical auxiliary drive, which are to have identical size, i.e., identical power, but do not have to have identical structural form, an elastic, electrical axle is more or less provided, which allows a high-performance travel operation without an additional shift transmission. It must only be ensured that a sufficiently large transmission ratio is provided to be able to use corresponding different operating points for the two motors. The allocation of the required drive power to two motors of identical size additionally provides the advantage that smaller sizes of these motors can be used.
The transmission gearing can be implemented as a gearwheel gearing. However, simpler design conditions result if the transmission gearing is implemented as a revolving traction drive, so that chain drives or toothed belt drives, which are proven for this purpose, can be used. If a transmission ratio between the speed of the wheel hub motor for the rear wheel and the speed of the auxiliary motor greater than 1 is provided for the transmission gearing, i.e., if the wheel hub motor for the rear wheel is operated at a higher speed, the bicycle can be driven at a higher velocity via the electrical auxiliary drive. The pedal crank drive engages on the free-wheel hub of the auxiliary motor in this case.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The subject matter of the invention is shown as an example in the drawing, specifically a bicycle according to the invention is shown in a schematic side view.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The bicycle shown has a frame 1 having a mount 2 for a steering column 3, which carries a mounting fork 4 for a front wheel 5. The rear wheel 6, which is mounted in the frame 1, is provided with a wheel hub motor 7, on which the spokes of the rear wheel 6 engage, which is not shown for reasons of comprehensibility, however. The wheel hub motor 7 is connected via a transmission gearing 8 to an auxiliary motor 9 of identical size, which is supported on the frame 1, wherein the transmission gearing 8, which is implemented as a revolving traction drive 10 having a chain or a toothed belt as the traction means, engages on the freewheel hub of the wheel hub motor 7. The pedal crank 11 of the pedal crank drive 12, which is mounted in the frame 1, has a drive connection to the freewheel hub of the auxiliary motor 9 via a revolving traction means. However, it is also possible to assign the auxiliary motor 9 to the pedal crank mount, so that a revolving traction means between the pedal crank drive 12 and the freewheel hub of the auxiliary motor 9 for the drive connection can be omitted and the pedal crank shaft extends coaxially to the motor shaft.
Since, according to the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the wheel hub motor 7 is operated at a higher speed than the auxiliary motor 9 as a result of the selected transmission ratio of the transmission gearing 8, at slow travel velocities, the high torques of the wheel hub motor 7 can be used at sufficiently high speeds for a stable drive, which could no longer ensure the drive stability in the range of the auxiliary motor 9 under certain circumstances. At higher travel velocities, the higher torques of the auxiliary motor 9, which is operated at a lower speed, is then used for the electrical auxiliary drive. The requirement for this purpose is a sufficiently large transmission ratio. For example, a transmission ratio of 1:2 has proven to be advantageous.
The electrical auxiliary drive can be assisted in a conventional manner by the pedal crank drive 12. For this purpose, the pedal crank drive 12 is to be connected to the freewheel hub of the motor, which is operated at a lower speed. The pedal crank drive 12 is to be designed having a corresponding transmission ratio for this purpose.
It probably does not have to be described in greater detail that the front wheel 5 can also be driven via a wheel hub motor 13, as is indicated in the drawing. In this case, an all-wheel-driven bicycle is achieved, which, in the event of corresponding activation of the wheel hub motor 13 for the front wheel 5, has particularly good travel properties, without having to provide a shift transmission.

Claims (4)

The invention claimed is:
1. A bicycle having a pedal crank drive and an electrical auxiliary drive, said auxiliary drive including an electrical auxiliary motor which is connected to the pedal crank drive; and
a wheel hub motor having a freewheel hub for the rear wheel,
wherein the wheel hub motor has a drive connection via a transmission gearing to the electrical auxiliary motor, and
wherein the wheel hub motor is of identical size as the electrical auxiliary motor.
2. The bicycle according to claim 1, wherein the transmission gearing is implemented as a revolving traction drive.
3. The bicycle according to claim 1, wherein the transmission gearing has a transmission ratio between the speed of the wheel hub motor for the rear wheel and the speed of the auxiliary motor greater than 1.
4. The bicycle according to claim 3, wherein the pedal crank drive has a drive connection via a freewheel hub to the auxiliary motor.
US14/178,424 2013-02-19 2014-02-12 Bicycle having an electrical auiliary drive Expired - Fee Related US9079634B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50112/2013 2013-02-19
ATA50112/2013A AT513282B1 (en) 2013-02-19 2013-02-19 Bicycle with an electric auxiliary drive

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US20140231163A1 US20140231163A1 (en) 2014-08-21
US9079634B2 true US9079634B2 (en) 2015-07-14

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9925999B2 (en) 2015-09-29 2018-03-27 Radio Flyer Inc. Power assist wagon
USD866676S1 (en) 2017-11-02 2019-11-12 Radio Flyer Inc. Foldable wagon
US10583852B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2020-03-10 Radio Flyer Inc. Foldable wagon
US11136088B2 (en) * 2018-06-13 2021-10-05 Krzysztof JABLONSKI Adaptable children's bicycle
US11292554B2 (en) * 2018-09-13 2022-04-05 CR Design & Development, LLC Velocipede having split drive train

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US9359034B2 (en) * 2012-01-12 2016-06-07 Recreation Systems, Inc. Cycle and associated components
US9469373B2 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-10-18 VeloMetro Mobility Inc. Drivetrain system for an electrically assisted human powered vehicle
FR3081823B1 (en) * 2018-06-01 2020-05-22 Gustave Boudoube ELECTRICALLY ASSISTED BICYCLE COMPRISING AN ELECTROMECHANICAL CHARGING ASSEMBLY
US12403983B2 (en) * 2021-07-05 2025-09-02 Austin Duggan High-drive electric bicycle

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US20050189157A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2005-09-01 Marcus Hays Electric bicycles and retrofit kits
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US20080121452A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-05-29 Dan Bon Propelled bicycle with automatic transmission
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US20130032425A1 (en) * 2011-08-03 2013-02-07 National Cheng Kung University Bicycle transmission device

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US3884317A (en) * 1974-03-05 1975-05-20 Augustus B Kinzel Electrically powered cycle
US4280581A (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-07-28 Rudwick Lawrence A Motor and pedal driven bicycles
US20030141126A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-07-31 Zvo, Inc. Electric bicycles and retrofit kits
US20050189157A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2005-09-01 Marcus Hays Electric bicycles and retrofit kits
US20050067207A1 (en) 2002-12-03 2005-03-31 Radtke Jeffrey L. Self-propelled wheel for bicycles and similar vehicles
US20050039963A1 (en) * 2003-05-20 2005-02-24 Forderhase Paul F. Motorized bicycle drive system using a standard freewheel and left-crank drive
US7261175B1 (en) * 2004-09-24 2007-08-28 Todd Fahrner Power assisted bicycle
US20080121452A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-05-29 Dan Bon Propelled bicycle with automatic transmission
US7661501B1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-02-16 Joab Jay Perdue Vehicle operated by multiple power sources
US20100181130A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-07-22 Wen-Cheng Chou Dual-Drivetrain of Power-Assist Vehicle
US20110056756A1 (en) * 2009-09-08 2011-03-10 Deema Murad Dual Powered Full Suspension Tricycle
US20110139530A1 (en) * 2009-09-21 2011-06-16 Ananthakrishna Anil Foldable electrically powered vehicle
US20130032425A1 (en) * 2011-08-03 2013-02-07 National Cheng Kung University Bicycle transmission device

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9925999B2 (en) 2015-09-29 2018-03-27 Radio Flyer Inc. Power assist wagon
US10525998B2 (en) 2015-09-29 2020-01-07 Radio Flyer Inc. Power assist wagon
US10583852B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2020-03-10 Radio Flyer Inc. Foldable wagon
USD866676S1 (en) 2017-11-02 2019-11-12 Radio Flyer Inc. Foldable wagon
US11136088B2 (en) * 2018-06-13 2021-10-05 Krzysztof JABLONSKI Adaptable children's bicycle
US11292554B2 (en) * 2018-09-13 2022-04-05 CR Design & Development, LLC Velocipede having split drive train

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EP2767465A1 (en) 2014-08-20
AT513282A4 (en) 2014-03-15
AT513282B1 (en) 2014-03-15
US20140231163A1 (en) 2014-08-21

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