US907682A - Steam-boiler furnace. - Google Patents

Description

A. COTT STEAM BO RN APPLICATION PT. 07.

$ INVENTOH M AATTORNEYS A. COTTON.v

STEAM BOILER FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED saw. 6, 1907.

Patented Dec. 22, 1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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ALFRED COTTO N, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

STEAM-BOILER FURNACE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 22, 1908.

Original application filed March 26, 1906, Serial No. 307,982. Divided and this application filed September 6, 1907. Serial No. 391,586.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that l, ALFRED COTTON, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of cw Jersey, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Stean1-Boiler Furnaces, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a horizontal sectional view; Fig. 2 a vertical sectional view on the line Iv-ill of Fig. l Fig. 3 a transverse vertical sectional view on the line lll1ll of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 a vertical transverse section on the line IVlV of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 an enlar ed elevation of the fire bricks through which the steam and air pass into the fire box; Fig. 6 a horizontal sectional view on the line VT- VT of Fig. 7; and 7 a vertical sectional view on the line VllVll of Fig. 5.

One of the main objects of this invention is to provide an improved furnace in which air and steam may be fed to the fire box and into the combustion chamber in a manner that will insure perfect combustion. To secure this end the air and steam, properly commingled, is delivered into the fire box over the fire in such manner that it and the furnace gases will be given a horizontal rotary motion. The air is also delivered against a deflector wall in the combustion chamber in the rear of the fire box, to promote the combustion of the gases from the fire box.

Another objectof the invention is to provide fire bricks of a special shape through which the air and steam pass into the fire box.

Other important objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

This application is a division of my original application filed March 26, 1906, Serial You 307,982.

Referring to the various parts by numerals, 1 designates the boiler proper which is supported by the walls of the furnace in the usual, or in any approved manner; and 2 the grate bars which also may be of any desired form. The bridge wall 3 is hollow near its upper end to form the horizontal transverse fiue l, as shown clearly in Figs. 1 and 2. In the side walls of the furnace, horizontal flues 5 and 6 are formed, said flues connecting at their rear ends with the ends of the flue 4 formed in the bridge wall and in the front Wall of the furnace is formed a horizontal flue 7 which is connected to the forward end of the flue 5 and extends about half way across the front of the furnace, terminating short of the fire door opening, as shown clearly in Fig. 1. All of these lines are arranged a suitable distance above the grate bars, as shown clearly in Figs. 2 and 3, and the walls of all of said lines are provided with openings which put said lines into communication with the fire box above the grate.

The forward half of the inner wall of the flue 6 is perforated, and the rear half of the inner wall of the flue 5 is likewise perforated,

so that the openings in one wall are diagonally opposite those of an opposite wall and directly opposite the solid portion of the wall on the opposite side of the fire box, as shown clearly in Fig. 1. The inner wall of the line '7 is perforated and that portion of the fire box wall of the line 4 which is directly opposite line 7 is not perforated, the other half of said wall being perforated as shown clearly in Fig. l. The object of so locating these openings is to produce a circular motion of air and hot gas over the fire when air is admitted into the lines 4, 5, 6 and 7, as will be more fully hereinafter described. it will be readily seen that by this peculiar arrangement of the air jet openings the inflowing air from one set of jets will be diverted by the jets from an adjoining set of openings, and that the result will be a rotary movement of the air over the fire. The rear wall of the bridge wall flue 4 is also perforated to permit air to ass back into the combustion chamber at t ie rear of said wall. At the rear of these openings is arranged an upwardly and rearwardly inclined deflector wall 8 against which the air flowing rearward from the bridge wall flue will impinge and will be spread and directed up. ard. At the top of the deflector wall 8 is a fiat crown wall 9 over which the gas passes. This crown wall is comparatively narrow and from its rear edge the bed 10 of the combi' stion chamber inclines downward and rearward to the rear wall of the furnace. One special advantage of providing the crown wall and the downwardly and rearwardly inclined part 10 of the combustion bed is to seciire a swirling of the gas and air ji st in the rear of the crown Wall. By thus cai sing eddies in the air at this point it is held back and a more perfect combustion secured,

withort interfering at all with the draft or said tlower teing located in the side wall of the furnace, as shown clearly in Figs. 1 and 4 and through which the s' pply of air is delivered tya steam jet, said jet being controlled ty any suital'le means.

To secure the test distribrtion of air arornd the fire tox, thro1 gh the openings from the fh es 4, 5, 6 and 7 1 form said openings t y means of fire bricks 12 of peculiar shape. These trio's are shown in detail in i igs. 5, 6 and 7. They are double the height and thickness of the ordinary fire trick, and are under-crt at each end to form the face 13. The rpper edges of these faces terminate on inclined lines 14 which meet at the point 15 midway tetween the ends of the trick at the lower edge thereof. The inner face of the trick, 16, is Vertical, except, of course, where it is rnder-cr t, and the or ter face, that is, that face which is not exposed to the fire, is downwardly and or twardly inclined. In each end of the trick is formed a groove 17 \Vl".1(3ll is at an angle to the horizontal lower edge of the trick, and inclines downwardly and inwardly toward the fire box. The grooves in two adjoining tricl's form downwardly and inwardly inclined cylindrical passages through which the air passes into the fire t ox from the flue.

The air is directed t y these passages to the plane s'rfaces 18, and is ty them heated and deflected. The tricks 12 are rectangular in transverse section at a point midway between their ends and are an approximate right angle triangle at their ends, this forming two under-cit sides that are obliqiie to the vertical plane of the brick and also obliqre to the horizontal plane of the brick. When these trio." s are arranged end to end in the fire wall they form cavities which have triangular horizontal bottoms, said cavities teing in free commrnication with the fire box through triangular openings, the apex of the opening teing directly over the middle of the forward or fire box edge of the triangi lar bottom and the rpper sides of the cavity teing formed ty the 1 ndercut otliqre sides of the trick. It will, therefore, te seen that said cavities will te s" bstantially tetrahedral in shape, that is to say, each will have three triangular sides, the fourth side teing the triangular opening or entrance into the fire tox.

It will be noted that the out-let ends of the passages formed by the groove 17 are within the face of the fire box wall and that they open into angular recesses formed in said wall, the bottom of said recesses being hori zontal as shown clearly in Figs. 5 and 7. this construction the ends of the passages formed by the grooves 17 will be protected and said openings will not be choked by the fire box as ordinarily constructed are liable to total or partial closure by a kind of molten slag or clinker which slov ly runs down the wall and is cooled by the air issuing from the holes. With my construction such clinker will run down the edges 14 of the brick to the corners 15 and from there will pass down the face of the furnace wall. Should any clinker accumulate at the corners 15 by reason of said clinker being cooled by the infiowing air, it can be easily removed when the fur nace is not in operation, without liability of damage to the fire bricks. The inflowing air is not only heated and deflected by the surfaces 18 but will be spread by them also. The result of this is that there is practically a thin sheet or film of air passing into the fire box from these openings. The air flowing rearward through the bridgewall will be so spread by the deflector wall that a thin film or sheet of air will pass over the crown of said wall into the combustion chamber. It will thus be seen that the air will be quickly heated and fed into the fire box and combustion chamber in thin sheets or films so that it will be thoroughly mixed with the heated gases.

From the foregoing it will be readily seen that I provide a furnace having many novel features and many advantages. The peculiar method of causing the inflowing air jets and furnace gases to be given a rotary motion over the fire I consider novel and of great importance.

I have found that when steam is injected directly into the fire-box, either alone or inducing secondary air, the effect is often to agglomerate the carbon particles in sootflakes which are not so visible as smoke, but which are more objectionable, and the gen eral result is not so efficient as when the steam and air are thoroughly mixed before being injected into the furnace chamber. It will be seen that thorough mixture of the steam and air is effected in my fiues before it reaches the discharge orifices.

With steam jets which blow directly into rear of the bridge wall, and fines being bridge wall.

' zontal bottoms, said walls being also formed .why I prefer to use a blower or blowers to j discharge air into the passages or fiues as described, for in this way the blower may more easily be made of correct design and may be placed in such a position as to be very easy of access.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A furnace provided with a fire box, a grate therein, the fire box walls being formed with fiues therein above the grate, said walls being also perforated to place the fines in communicationwith the fire box, said perforations being near one end of each flue, the perforated portion of each of said walls being not more than one-half of the length of the fire box, and the perforated portion of one wall being arranged opposite the unperfo rated or solid portion of the wall directly across the fire box, whereby the ets from one st of openings will move toward the solid portion of the opposite wall.

2. A furnace provided with a fire box, the rear wall of which constitutes a bridge wall, a combustion chamber being formed in the formed in the fire box walls, each wall being perforated to place the fines in communication with the fire box, said perforations being near one end of each flue, the perforated portion of each of the walls of the fire box being not more than one-half of the length of the lire box and the perforated portion of one wall being arranged opposite the unperforated or solid portion of the wall directly across the fire box, the bridge wall being also provided with rearwardly extending openings which place its flue also in communication with the combustion chamber, an upwardly and rearwardly inclined deflector wall in the combustion chamber near the bridge wall and arranged to deflect the air jets passing rearwardly through the said 3. A furnace provided with a fire box, a grate therein, fines being formed in the walls of the fire box, the said walls being also formed with inwardly extending cavities or recesses which are in open communication with the fire box and have horizontal bottoms within the vertical plane of the fire box walls, said walls being also formed with upwardly and outwardly inclined air openings or passages which place said cavities in communication with the fines and direct the inflowing fluid from the flues downwardly to the horizontal bottoms of said cavities, whereby the fluid jets will be heated and defiected by said bottoms.

A furnace provided with a fire box, the fire box walls being formed with substantially horizontal lines, said walls being also formed with cavities or recesses having horiwith upwardly and outwardly inclined openings which place said cavities in communication with the flues and direct the fluid from the fines downwardly to the bottoms of said cavities, the perforated portion ofeach of said fire box walls being not more than one-half the length of the said walls and the perforated portion of one wall being arranged opposite the unperforated or solid portion of the wall directly across the fire box.

5. A furnace provided with a bridge wall, a transverse flue being formed in the bridge wall with openin s from said flue rearward through said wall, an upwardly and rear Wardly inclined deflector wall in the rear of the bridge wall and adjacent thereto, said wall terminating on a line substantially level with the top of the bridge wall, a narrow crown wall extending rearwardly from the top of the deflector wall, and a downwardly and rearwardly inclined bed extending from the rear edge of the crown wall to the rear wall of the furnace, the crown wall being substantially horizontal, whereby eddy currents will be caused by the products of combustion passing over the said crown wall.

6. A furnace provided with a fi e box, the fire box walls being formed with substan tially horizontal fiues and on their inner sides with cavities or recesses which are in open communication with the fire box and have horizontal lower walls or bottoms, the bottom of each of said cavities being triangular and the opening or entrance to said cavity being also triangular and having its highest point directly over the middle of said opening, said cavity being substantially tetrahedral in shape, the fire box walls being formed with upwardly and outwardly inclined openings to place said cavities in communication with the fines and to direct the infiowing jets of fluid from the fines downwardly to the horizontal bottoms of the cavities.

7. A furnace provided with a fire box, the walls of said box being formed with fiues and with inwardly extending cavities in the fire box side of said walls, each of said cavities having a triangular opening or entrance and a triangular bottom and being substantially tetrahedral in shape and in open communication with the fire box, said walls being also formed with upwardly and inwardly inclined openings placing said cavities in communication with the adjoining fine.

8. A furnace provided with a fire box, a grate therein, the walls around the fire box being provided with horizontal flues and with inwardly extending cavitiesvor recesses which are in open communication with the fire box and are each provided with a horizontal wall which extends to the inner face of the wall in which it is formed, the said fire box walls being also formed with inwardly inclined openings which place the fines in communication with the said cavities and direct fluid from the flues to the horizontal walls of said cavities in inclined streams whereby the fluid will be heated and deflected bysaid horizontal walls and will enter the fire box in thin divergent, or fan-shaped, jets.

9. A furnace provided with a fire box, a grate therein, the walls around the fire box being provided with horizontal fines and with inwardly extending cavities or recesses which are in open communication with the fire box and are each provided with a straight side which extends to the inner face of the wall in which it is formed, the said fire box walls being also formed with inwardly extending openings which place the flues in communication with the said cavities and direct fluid from the fines to the straight sides of said cavities in streams whereby the fluid will be heated and deflected by said straight sides and will enter the fire box in thin divergent, or fan-shaped, jets.

10. A furnace wall formed with a series of horizontally arranged irregular bricks, each of said bricks having a vertical outer face flush with the surface of the wall and having its two lower corners at the ends of the brick and along the exposed face thereof cut away to form inwardly inclined faces, whereby a triangular cavity will be formed at the adjoining edges of the irregular bricks, a course of regular fire brick below said irregular bricks, said fire bricks forming the bottoms of the said triangular cavities, the irregular bricks being provided with grooves in their ends, said grooves forming air passages, the furnace wall adjoining the to form inwardly inclined faces whereby a cavity will be formed at the adjoining edges of the irregular bricks, a course of regular fire brick below said row of irregular bricks, said fire bricks forming the bottoms of the said cavities, the irregular bricks being provided with passages at their ends, said passages opening into said cavities, the furnace wall being provided with a horizontal flue in communication with the passages in the ends of the irregular b1 icks.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses this 3rd day of September 1907.

ALFRED COTTON.

Witnesses:

GEO. O. TOTTEN, GEO. R. Form.

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