US902836A - Fluid-pressure-operated drill. - Google Patents

Description

Patented Nov. 3, 1908.`

2 SHBETS-SHEET 1.

A. F. RUSS.

FLUID PRESSURE OPERATED DRILL.

APPLIOATION FILED JAK.19.1903.

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FLUID A. I'. ROSS.

PRESSURE OPEBATBD DBILL.

LPPLIOATIOI FILED JAI. 19, 1903.

l/12655 as Patented Nov.3, 1908.

I SHEETS-SHEET B.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDREW F. ROSS, OF LONGIS'LAND, NEW YORK, SSIGNOR., BY MESNlE ASSIGNMENTS, T() THE PITTSBURG PANEUMATIO COMPANY, OF CANTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION Ol" NEW JERSEY.

FLUID-PRESSURE-OPERATED DRILL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

Application filed January 19, 1903. Serial No. 189,682.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Bc it known that I, ANDREW F. Ross, u citizen of the VUnited States, residing at Lon Island, county of Queens, State of New Yor have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Fluid Pressure Operated Drills, and declare the following to be e. full, clear, and exact description of the sume, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accom panying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates in ressure operated tools, an arly to pneumatic drills.

I well known that in order to obtain the beat results in drilling the tool should be partially rotated between the deliver? of the blows thereon so that the position o the cuttin edge with respect to the material werke upon may be so varied es to secure the eveny and rapid advancement of the work.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a fluid pressure operated drill in which a rotary motion is imparted to the tool between the delivery of blows thereon.

eneral to fluid more part1cu- A furthen object of my invention is to rovide a fluid pressure o er-ated drill in w ich the position of the too relative to the material worked upon is automatically varied during the operation of delivering blows thereon. y

A still further object of my invention is to provide a fluidl pressure operated drill which will be comparatively simple in con struction, inexpensive in manufacture, and efficient in o ration.

My invention, generally described, consists in a cylinder, a piston reciprocated therein, a tool rotatnblynnounted in the end of the cylinder and adapted to receive the impact of thc piston during its reciprocations, the shank of the tool being in non-rotative engagement with the iston, and means forrotatm the piston uring ite reciprocntions und t ereby varyin the position of the cutting edge of the too with respect to the materlal being worked upon.

My invention* will be more fully described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which the same is illustrated as embodied in a convenient and practical form, and in which#- Figure 1 is a longitudinal central section;

F ig. 2 a cross section ou line 2-2, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a cross section ou line 3-3, Fig. l; Fig. 4 a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the parts in an adjusted position; Fig. 5 a View on line 5--5, Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 a view on line 6-6, Fig. 4.

Similar reference characters are used to desi ate similar parts in the several figures of t e drawings.

My invention is designed to be applied to any desired type of iluid ress'ure operated drill but for convenience llhave shown the same as applied to u drill of the valveless type which muy he generally described as follows: A indicates the vhand e of the tool which is rovided with aV circular denote A into whic extends the end of the cylinder C. A. c linder head C is inserted through the hun le into the end of the cylinder where it is secured hy u screw threaded engage-V ment. The handle is securely retained upon the cylinder by means of a circular flange a which rejects between the'end of the cylin d) lthe circular flange on the outer end throttle valve B is located within the casing B2 and iss-normally retained in position to cover the ports b through the valve casing by meansofa eoil vspring B. The valve casing is retained in engagement with a circular shoulder o2 in the handle by menus of its screw threaded connection with the chamber A. i

A indicates a screw threaded Yopening leading to the vulve casing with which is connected a conduit for the supply of fluid Y pressure.

A' indicates a lever pivoted in the handle and adapted to en a e e. plunger rod' B, the lower end of w ic unsents the throttle valve when the lever A4 is .oscillated indicates s. piston located within the cylinder. The end of the piston adjacent to the handle of the tool is enlarged in diameter, thereby formn a shoulder d. The vchamber C in the cy luder within which the end of the piston reciprocates' is of en interior diameter conforming to the exterior movable in `type suc diameter of the enlarged ena of the piston.

A second chamber 12 1s formed in the cylinl der which is separated from the chamber C by an annular partition C3. The interior diameter of the annular partition conforms to the exterior diameter of the reduced portion of the piston. An exhaust port c2 leads from the chamber (J2. The piston is hollow and is provided with a series of passages d.

K indicates a tool the shank ofwhich extends through the bushing H located in the end C3 of the cylinder. The shank of the tool projects into the chamber C2 so as to receive thc impact of the piston when it is driven towards the front end of the cylinder.

The tool shank is provided with a flange fr around the same which is adapted to rest against the bushing H so that the pressure by which the tool is applied to its work retains the bushing against said flange and thereby holds the tool longitudinally iinposition to receive the impact of the piston.

The o eration of a tool of the valveless li as above described is well,` known and may be briefly described as follows: When the handle A* is oscillated the throttle valve is unseated and fluid pressure passes through the ports b into the passage a, thence throuoh the passage c in the cylinder to the chamber C, The fluid pressure is exerted upon the shoulder d on the piston which forces the same from the position shown in Fig. l to that shown in Fig. 4 inasmuch as the enlarged end of the piston is exposed to atmospheric pressure' thlff'iugh the hollow interior and the ports d cmmunicating therewith which register with the exhaust chamber C?. The piston is con` `sequently forced towards the handle of the tool until the ports d pass beyond the annular partition C3 at which time Huid pressure is admitted `to the chamber C1I and exerted upon the enlarged end of the piston, thereby driving the latter from the osition shown in Fig. 4 to that shown in Flig. 1.

The reciprocation of 'the iston delivers a succession of blows upon t e shank of the tool, thereby performlng the desired work u fpon the material c ge of the tool is forced.

n order that the tool may be rotated during the delivery of blows thereon by the piston I have provided the end of the piston with a socket into which extends the shank K of the tool, and have provided means for rotating the piston during its reciprocations. The cross sections of the socket in the piston and the shank of the tool are angular and conform to each other, thereby non-rotatably connecting the tool and piston so as to transmit the rotary movement of the piston to the tool.

The means which I have disclosed for roagainst which the cutting tating the piston consists in locating a disk l in the open large end of the piston and providing such disk with a longitudinal opening therethrough into which extends one or more spiral ribs e. A ratchet wheel F is located at the end of the chamber CL adjacent to the cylinder head C and is retained in a transverse plane with respect to the cylinder by means of a stud f which engages a socket formed in the inner end of the cyl inder head. A shoulder c* is also formed in the chamber (3* to retain the ratchet wheel in engagement lwith the end of the cylinder head. A post F' projects longitudinally from the inner face of the ratchet: wheel F and is provided with spiral grooves f in its periphery which conform to thc spiral ribs c formed in the disk E. A pawl F2 is located in a casing f2 which communicates with the interior of the chamber C'1l adjacent to the cylinder head. A spring f3 normally forces the pawl F2 into engagement with the teeth on the ratchet wheel F.

A; second ratchet wheel G is located in the end of the cylinder between the inner end of the bushing H and the partition C in the cylinder. The ratchet wheel G is provided with an annulsir opening through the center conforming to the cross section of the shank of the` tool which extends through the ratchet wheel into the socket in the end of the pistou. A pawl G' is provided for env gaging the teeth on the ratchet wheel (l. This pawl may be of any desired form, for convenience it bein shown as su )ported upon a leaf spring g secured at its tree end upon the exterior of the cylinder.

It will be noticed that the teeth on the two ratchet wheels F and Gr extend in the same direction, l nce when fluid pressure is admitted through the interior of the piston when the -latter is in the position shown in Fig. 4 and is exerted upon the end of the piston within the chamber C4, the piston `is rotated through the engagement of the spiral ribs in the disk with the spiral grooves on the post xedto the ratchet wheel F. The pawl F2 prevents the ratchet wheel from rotating in a direction towards which it would have a tendency to move by ibo reason of Vthe spiral connection between the same and the piston. `Inasmuch as the ratchet wheel F cannot rotate, the piston is rotated t permitted by reason of the direction of the inclination of the ratchet wheel G. lt, is consequently evident that during the movement of the piston towards the tool a rotary motion is imparted to the latter fromthe piston, thereby insuring the variation of the position of the cutting edge of the tool with respect to the naterial .worked upon each time a blow is' elivered upon the tool by the piston. The movement of the iston away from the tool rotates the ratchet im such rotation of the piston being prevented which re- F, the rotation of the lpiston being by reason of the ratc et wheel t ie iston from rotating in the direction towar s which there is a tendency for the' piston to rotate'owing to tlte spiral connection between the piston and the ratchet wheel F. l e

It is obvious that by reversing the direction of the inclination of the teeth on the ratchet/Wheels the piston would be held fromV rotation during its forward stroke,

while the ratchet` wheel F ivoiild be instead of during the forward strolne of the" piston. f A i Froni t i orcoong description it will be observed t iat I ave invented an improved fluid pressure operated drill i'n which the position of the tool with res ect to the mate rial worked upon is varied uring the o eration of the tool, thereby securing a rapi and even advancement of the work. It will be further observed that by providing means for rotating the piston and non-rotatably connect ing the tool to the piston, the recipro cation of the piston automatically imparts a rotary movement to the tool at the same time that it is delivering its impact thereu on.

While I have described more or less precisely the details of construction Ido not wish to be understood as limiting m selfA thereto, as I contemplate changes in orm', the proportion of parts, and the substitution of equivalents, as circumstances may s gest or render ex edient, without departing rom the spirit o my invention.

Havin now fully described my invention what I c aim as new, and desire to secure ,by Letters Patent is as follows:

1. In a fini pressure operated drill, the combination wit a cylinder, of a piston recwrocating therein, a tool rotatably supporte by the c 7linder in position to receive the impact of t e piston, non-rotative direct connections between said pieton and the shank of the tool, and means for imparting rotary {notion to the piston during its reciprocaions.

2. In a fluid pressure `operated -drill, the

i pins the shank of the tool and conscqiientty,`

combination with a cylinder, of a reciprocatin piston therein, a tool rotatably supported by the cylinder in position to receive the im act of the piston, said iston having a sociliet into which extends the shank of the toch/the cross section of the shank of the tool and said socket being such as to permit a relative .longitudinal movement but prevent a relative rotary motion between the tool and i iston, and means for rotating said piston urine' its reci rocations.

3. n a flui ressure operated drill, the combination wit la cylinder, of a reciprocating piston therein, a tool rotatably siipported by the cylinder in position to receive the im act of the piston. said piston having a ocliet into which ,exteds t e shank of the tool, he crosssectioneof the shank of the tool ndsaid socket being such as to permit .a relative longitudinal movement but prevent a relative rotary motion between the tool 'and piston, a ratchet wheel rotatably ounted transversely within the back end of 'ille cylinder, a post fixed to said ratchet wheel an extending into an opening in said piston, said post and opening having engaged spiral ribs and grooves whereby the reciprocation of the piston produces a relative rotary movement between the same and said ratchet wheel. c

4. In a fluid 'ressure operated drill, the combination witla cylinder, of a reciprocating piston therein, a tool rotatably sup orted by t e cylinder in position to receive t .e imliu pact of the ,iston, said piston having a socket into w ich extends the shank of the tool, the cross section of the shank of the tool and said socket being such as to permit a relative longitudinal movement but prevent a relative rotary motion between the tool and piston, a ratchet wheel rotatably mounted transversely Within the back end of the cylinder, a post fixed to said ratchet wheel and extending into an opening in s 'd piston, said post and o ening having e gaged spiral Fribs and g oves whereby the reciprocatioh of the piston produces a relative rotary movement between the same and said ratchet wheel, a second ratchet wheel surroundin and non rotatabl mounted upon the s ank of the tool, an pawls engaging the teeth on said ratchet wheels.

In testimony whereof, I sign this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

ANDREW F. ROSS.

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