US902750A - Detergent for use with hard and salt waters. - Google Patents

Description

UNITED sTA'ras PA'LEENT ()FFIUE,

ROBERT MACPHERSUN, OI BllONlJlQSBUltY, AND WILLIAM EDWlN llEi'S, ()lr htlili HY, ENGLAND.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

A plication filedlabruarylfl, 1906. .Serial No. 300,467.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it'known that 1, ROBERT MACPH-ERSON, a resident of Brondesbur in the county of Middlcsex, England, an: WILLIAM -EDW.IN HEYs, a resident of Bushey, in the county of Hartford, England, both subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, have invented ainew or 1m roved Deter out for use with Hard and Sat Waters, 0 which the following is a specification.

'lhisinvention relates to a new detergent by means of which clothing, linen, textile materials andfabr'ics, paint, woodwork and the like may be washed or cleansed in seawater ttIldOtl'lBI hard waters.

Marine soaps are already known and usedfor the urposes above set forth, and have as their. asissaponified cocoa-nut oil, but such-soaps are 0 en to objections which are entirely removed or obviated by means of this new detergent. For example, the known marine soaps leave a very permanent and objectionable odor in the linen and other articles washed therewith; it is very dillicult to remove from the, goods the lime and the magnesia soaps which areformed' during the washing by sea-water and which are practically insoluble in water; the soaps are soluble with great difficulty and only to a limited extent so that their elliciency is low while their cost is high. On the other hand the, new detergent, made as hereinafter indicated, leaves no permanent odor; the slight amount of insoluble soap produced is readily removed by rinsing; it dissolves with great facility in sea and hard waters; and its cost is lower.

The materials which we employ in the manufacture of the new detergent. are:- cocoa-nut oil or cocoa-nut olein or an analogous oil or olein from which a soap soluble in sea water can be produced, known as cocoa-nut olein a suitable vegetable proteid. substantially free from fatty acids other than that or those which are containedor are analogous with that orthose contained in cocoa-nut oil and are similarly capable of producing a lather in seawaterwhen saponified; a soda or potash lye of higher strength than is used in ordinary son manufacture; water when necessary;

an optionally, farina and other fillers.

In carrying the process of manufacturing, the: new detergent into eilect the 3 protei matter is so treated with a sufficiency of strong alkali under heat that. it. is broken down and the thereby disnssociatcd a1nino fatty acids are snponiiiod by the alkali together with the rocoanut olein.

The cocoanmt olein may be mixed with the proteid matters and heated to no wards of 100 C. 120 or 130 giro .nl- Vantageons results with stirring. ior a short time the lye is added with (ontimnd stirring while the temperature is maintained at from 80 C. to 90 Saponiliraiion takes place ra )idly, and the resulting mass when cool can lie granulated by being passed through sieves, after which it may he 'reduced to powder in a disintegrator. convenient to adtl the larina or othou-lillof to the oil with the proroid nlnli'vl'flsu as to avoid the cooling cl l'ori which their sub sequent addition would nodnrc. .klterna tivcly, the "comm-nut ooin" may first be separately heated to above mo" (h. and the protcid may be added to the hot oil lil'illlk saponification, or immediately after the ad dition of the lye, orthc proteid matters may be separately acted on with the whole or art of the lye and the cocoa-nut olein lie then added thereto with subsequent addition of the remainder of the lye, if any. Suflioicnt heat must be employed in the rocoss to insure the coagulation of al- Enminons and mnoilaginous matters contained in the cocoa-nut olein and in the amide fatty acids from the proteid under the action of the lye, as is indicated byth'c evolution of ammonium carbonate fumes.

An excess of lye beyond that necessaryfor .thc saponiiication of the cocoa-nut olein is necessary to be used so as to insurethc saponiiication oi the amide fatty andother acids which arcprodnred from the proteid. .In. some cases there will be a sufliciency of water in the lyefor the production of the soap. If not, morewater may be added after saponification has commenced;

Lower temperat ures than those above herein specified may be used, but in that case the proteid matters are. insnll'iciently acted. on, andthe process is prolonged with an inferior result. r

As cocoa-nut olein either the .oil as exprcssedfrom the vnut may ho e1nployed,..or

c th re rom. iThelattergencrally gives a drier ancl lgetter result. The proteid inattecwhichltisithfl oleirilleftiaften the removal ofthe stearin tit) proteid matters and for tho formationof' we prefer to use is eoeoa-nut cake, in fine A larger proportional quantity of cocoa- 50 powder. Cocoa-nut meal or other analogous nut olein than that above specified may be meal containing an oil from which a soap used, in which case, the necessary increase in soluble in seawater can be produced may be the uantity of lye must also be made. If a 5 used but with much less certainty of result. smal er quantity be used, the detergent will Or, other nutorcerealor seed-meal may be be too poor for laundry work, although it 55 employed which is relatively rich in proteid maiy be'useful for other purposes. matters and which is substantially free from f the detergent is to be used for scouring fatty acids, such for example as oatmeal, purposes only, a larger quantity of lye may bean-meal, maizeerm cake in powder and be employed.

the like. hen the proteid matter used is Should asoft soap'detergent be required, a 60 free from farina, it is usually advisable to add molecular roportion of potash lye is substifarina thereto, so as to produce a better tuted for t. e whole or part of the soda lye. lather. Generally from two to three parts We are aware that commercial olein and 1 5 by weight of farina to one part of the proteid oatmeal and the like have already been acted matter gives the best results. on with strong lye in the cold in combination,

We have found that the following pro orin the manufacture of deter ent powders, bu

tions and method of procedure give excellent in that case'the action on tiie proteid matter results, but it will be understood that we do is very imperfect, and such proteid matter is not limit ourselves thereto, since both may not broken down with the separation of be varied within relatively wide limits. A amino-fatty acids, and therefore such fatty 7o lye is first made from 32 liters of concenacids were not saponified as in our invention. trated solution of caustic soda and 9 liters of What We do claim as our invention and dewater. The cocoa-nut olein proteid, and sire to secure by Letters Patent is farina are then heated together, With-stirring, 1. The process of producing a detergent to a temperature of about 105 (3., for from for use with hard or salt waters, which con- 75 10 to 20 minutes, in the following proporsists in treating a vegetable proteid under tions:-cocoa-nut olein '60 kilos, cocoaheat with a sufficiency of strong alkali so as nut oil cake, in powder 8 kilos, farina 24 to break down the proteid with the disassokilos. eiation of amino-fatty acids and saponifying The above specified 41 liters of lye having the so separated amino fatty acids together 80 a s ecific ravlty of 1.465 are then gradually with cocoanut olein. adr ed wit stirring, the temperature being 2. The process of producing a detergent maintained at between 80 and 100C. When for use with hard or salt waters, which conthe mass begins to thicken, there is added sists in treating a vegetable proteid. under water 11 liters. heat with a sufficiency of strong alkali so as 85 As soon as the saponification is completed, to break down the proteid with the disassethe mass may be transferred to a mold or ciation of airline-fatty acids and saponifying frame to form bars, cakes, or the like, or it the so separated amino-fatty acids together 40 may be allowed to cool and harden in the withcocoamit olein, and finally addingafillmixer, in which it can then be broken u) ingmatcrial as specified. 90 suflieiently to allow it to be passed throng In testimony whereof we have signed our a granulating sieve, preparatory to its being names to this specification in the presence of re need to powder in a disintegrator after a two subscribing witnesses.

few hours drying. The product is preferred iOPiElt'l MAUPHERSON.

in a granulated, powdered or other like di- WILLIAM l+)lf)W1N lIEYS. ,vided form as it is then more easily soluble in Witnesses: cold water and a lather is more easily pro- H. D. J AMESON,

dueed. F. L. RAND.