US894967A - Baker's oven. - Google Patents

Description

. I T U I I 1 J-MIDDLEBY. PATBN ED A G ,1908

' BAK-ERS OVEN.

' 1 APPLICATION FILED .12 190 V w I I 2snnn'rssnnm z.

JOSEPH MIDDLEBY, OF WATER/DOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

p BAKERS ovnn.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, Josnrn Watertown, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bakers Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

- The object of this invention isto provide an oven for baking wherein the heat may be evenly distributed through all parts of the oven and upon each of a number of shelves.

A secondary object is to so arrange the outlet passages for the products of combustion of the fire employed in heating the oven that a large heating area will be furnished, andto provide for the passage of a current of air over the shelves on which the goods being baked are supported, and into contact with the heating surfaces of theabove named conduits so that heat will be imparted to the air current at a large number of points in the course of its passage through the oven.

A further object is to improve the details of construction of the ovenso that a double walled heat insulating oven may be easily made with the greatest econom and without the necessity of working on the inside of the structure when putting the parts together. i

A device embodying the referred form of my invention is shownin t e accompanying drawings. 7 Y

In the latter Figure 1 represents an elevation of the oven. Fig. 2 represents across section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig.3 represents a vertical section. Fig. 4 represents a partial section on a plane at right angles to that on which the section of Fig. 3is taken. Fig. 5 re resents a detail view in horizontal section of the construction of one of the corners of the oven. I

Referring to the drawings,the oven con- I sists of a box-like shell having double walls on all sides, of which the intermediate spaces are filled with any desired heat resisting material 2, such as mineral earth, or the like. The top of the oven is closed by a double cover consisting of the sheets or plates 3 and 4, which are separated so as to leave between them a space 5 adapted to receive the products of and which for convenience may be termed a The ovenis heated by a fur nace or stove 6, having a grate 7, u on which fuel may be thrown'through the e door 8 Specification of Letters Patent. Application fiIe d A riI 12, 1907. Serial No. 367,734.

MIDDLEBY, of

wool, infusorial combustion,

Patented Aug. 4, 1908.

and from which theashes may be removed through a door 9. From the u per portion of. the fire box, the smoke and ot products of combustion are carried through two oppositely disposed conduits 10, 11 which as shown in Fig. 2, are fan th of the end walls of the'oven. From near the outer I ends of these conduits, arise a number of se arated pipes 12 13, w ch open into t e smoke-box at opposite ends of the latter. It

will thus be seen that the pi es 12 and 13 extend through the entire heig t of the oven at opposite ends thereof and are contained within the end walls. From the smoke-box 5, a single pipe or flue 14 conducts the products of com ustion away to a chimney or elsewhere. At the lower part of the oven on each side of the fire-box, are doors 15 and 16 which have draft openings 17, governed by dampers 18 to admit air. From the upper part of the oven, an outlet pipe 19 passes through the smoke-box 5 and opens into the ipe 14 so as to permit an outflow of hot air from the'oven, and thereby create a draft through the latter. The draft so produced causes the cold air to flow in and through the inlets 17 and upward into contact with the box conduits 10 and 11. It should be noted that the bottoms of these conduits are formed of plates 20 21, which extend from front to rear at each end of the oven, and are separated from the adjacent sides of the fire box by narrow spaces 22. The plates conduct heat from the conduits and form wide 7 heating surfaces against which the air flowing in through the openings 17 impinges and by which it is highly heated. The air thus heated flows slowly through openings 22 into the upper goods to be aked are placed.

Referring to Fig. 3, it will be noted that there are a number,of shelves which extend from the front to the back of the oven and almost from end to end. Each of these shelves is supported at one end upon one of a number of plates 24 25 through which the secured to these pipes. the second one below are engaged with the lates 24 while the intermediate shelf and ottom one are engaged with the lates 25. That is, every other shelf is engage with the plates secured to the pipes .12, while the alternate shelves rest upon the plates which shaped in dplan and. at their outer ends areof the full wi ortion of the oven where the 1 es 12 13 respectively pass and which are. P p The top shelf and wall of the oven.

This relative are supported by the pipes 13. arrangement is carried out in all cases whether there are more or less shelves than shown in these drawings. The sides of the shelves l have flanges 26 bent downwardly and engaged with brackets 27, secured to the rear The ends of the shelves opposite to those which are supported by the plates 24 and 25 terminate short of the opposite end wall of the oven so that spaces are left between these ends of the shelves and the adjacent oven wall. Through these spaces pass the pipes 12 and 13 respectively. It will be evident that the heated air passing through spaces 22 comes into contact withthe lowest shelf 23 and is arrested and deflected thereby being caused to flow under the entire extent thereof, heating the lower parts of the articles placed on the shelves. As the only outlet permitting the air to flow past the shelf 23 is the space between the latter and the adjacent end wall 28, the air is brought into contact with the pipes 12 and receives heat therefrom to maintain its temperature at the baking degree. The upl wardly flowing and reheated air is again deflected by the second shelf and caused to flow laterally over the bottom shelf, heating the upper parts of the baking articles and in con tact with the bottom of the second shelf, heating the articles thereon. Arrived at the opposite end of the oven, the air is brought into contact with pipes 13 again heated and caused to rise into contact with the third shelf, which deflects it and causes it to trav erse the oven again in the same manner. Thus the air current proceeds passing laterally between the shelves and upwardly between each shelf and the adjacent wall of the oven in contact with the heated pipes which carry off the products of combustion. The staggered arrangement of the shelves causes the air to flow in a meandering path and to be brought in contact with all parts of the shelves and the articles thereon so that an even heat is maintained throughout the entire oven.

The oven is charged and the baked goods removed through doors 29 in the front of the oven, of which there is one door on the level of each shelf. Referring to Figs. 2 and 5 which show the details of construction of the oven, it will be observed that each double wall is constructed of sheet iron plates 291 and 30 which are connected and held at the proper distance apart by means of channel irons or castings 31 and 32, having flanges to which the ends of the plates are riveted or bolted. The plates forming each wall are independently secured to their respective connecting castings at opposite ends, and then the doubled walls are assembled together. It will be noted that the castings 32 forming parts of the end walls, are provided with flanges which are divided into a number I of lugs or cars 33 by means of slots. These ears are passed between the heads of bolts 34 and the adjacent plates 30, the shanks ol' the bolts entering the slots which divide the ears. These bolts are the ones which unite the plates 30 to the castings 3]. The mlts 35 are then tightened up to secure the end and side walls together. This same procedure is followed at each of the four corners of the oven, the back and ends being first united before the front is put on and before any of the internal parts are set in place. After the fire-box, the conducting passages and pipes and shelves are inserted, the front wall is put in place. (onvenient access to the bolts 34 is given through the door openings 2.) which enable the workman to reach into the oven and slip the cars 33 between the bolts. The spaces between the outer plates 291 at the corners of the oven are inclosed by castings or channel irons 36, which are secured to outwardly inclined lugs 37 on the castings 31 and 32 by bolts. The triangular space between the parts 31, 32 and 36 as well as the spaces inclosed by the double walls are lilled with nonconducting material. it will be seen that this construction enables the separately built walls of the oven to be easily assembled and securely fastened together without dil'liculty and by a very simple form of connection, thereby making the labor cost of building the oven of amount.

I claim:

1. A baking oven having an air inlet in its lower part, an air outlet at its upper part, supports for the goods to be baked alternately arranged adjacent opposite walls of the oven between the inlet and outlet, providing a winding passage. for the flow of air, a heater adjacent to the inlet, and conduits for the products of combustion generated in the heater located at the windings of the air passage, whereby a current of l'leated air is caused to flow througlumt all parts of the oven and is reheated at each turn during its course through the same.

2. An oven comprising inclosing walls, a heater at the lower part thereof, conduits for the products of combustion leading from said heater to each of the opposite sides of the shell and up to the top thereof, an inlet for air besided the heater and beneath said conduits, an outlet for the heated air, and shelves for the goods to be baked arranged between the air inlet and outlet and so lo cated between the conduits as to cause the air within the oven to flow laterally between them.

3. An oven comprising inclosing walls, a heater at the lower part thereof, conduits for the products of combustion leading from said heater to the sides of the shell, pipes leading upward from said conduits adjacent rpposite walls in the interior of the oven, shelves the smallest )ossible at their further ends'to the f '15 site ends and for su porting the goods to be baked, ar range to leave spaces alternately at opposite sides of the oven through which said pipes are passed, and obstructing at the ends opposite to such spaces upward passages of air, an air inlet below and an outlet above the shelves, whereby air is caused to enter and flow through the oven in a winding path and is heated during its passage. j r

4. An oven comprising inclosing walls, a heater at the lower part thereof, conduits for the products of combustion leadingifrom said heater to the sides of the shell an widening ll width of the oven, a plurality of pipes rising from se arated points at the outer end ofeach con uit inside the oven and close to the opposite walls thereof, said pipes being arranged so :as to overlie substantially the entire breadth of the Walls, plates extending from the conduits across the oven, separated by narrow, spaces from the heater, shelves located above the conduits and between the pipes arranged with spaces between their alternating oppothe walls adjacent the pipes but otherwise closing the oven to upward flow of air, an air inlet to the oven below the conduits and an outlet above the shelves, whereby a current of air is caused to flow intoconbetween the shelves.

'5. Abaking oven having separated double walls, spacing members connected to said walls having outward flanges, and corner pieces connectingthe outer walls at the corners of the oven by means of and located be-, tween said flanges.

- 6. A baking oven having separated double walls, sp' cing members connected to said walls athe ends thereof, certain of said spacing members having inward flanges secured to the adjacent ends of the inner walls, and all having outward flanges, and corner pieces secured to said outward flanges, thereby joining together the ends of the outer walls. a

. 7 L A baking oven having separated double walls, spacing members connected to said walls having outward flanges, formed with a series. of slots, and rivets or through the slots and holes in the walls.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH MIDDLEBY.

Witnesses:

A. O. RATIGAN, ARTHUR H. BROWN.

tact with the conduit, heater and pipes, and

bolts passing

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