US892849A

US892849A - Drilling-machine.

Info

Publication number: US892849A
Application number: US35886707A
Authority: US
Inventors: John Prue Karns
Original assignee: J P KARNS TUNNELING MACHINE CO
Current assignee: J P KARNS TUNNELING MACHINE CO
Priority date: 1907-02-23
Filing date: 1907-02-23
Publication date: 1908-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 1925-07-07

Description

No. 892,849. PATENTED JULY '7, 1968, J. P. KARNS.

DRILLING MACHINE.

APLG'IN'I .2190.

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..L.w .TuLT TLA Rm Dm P "III fl Troje/v5 V5 o. 892,849. PATENTED JULY 7, 1908. J. P. KARNS.

DRILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION I .23.1 o

F LED BB 9 7 5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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H In I PATENTED JULY 7, 1908.

' J. P. KARNS.

DRILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23. 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

'UNITED STATESv PATENT OFFICILl JOHN PRUE lentils,1 O'F BOULDER, odiEr-iii-D-O-,ssieiion 'ro THE J. e. KARNS TUNNELING iiiioniiin oo., or BOULDER, COLORADO.

DBILLING-MACHINE Specification of 'Letters'P'atent Appiication sied Febr'ufiryes, i907. seriai No. 358,867.

` a citizen of the United States, residing at Boulder, in the county of Boulder and State of Colorado, have invented a new and useful Dri lling-Machine, of which the following is a speciieation.

This invention has reference to improvements in drilling machines particularly adapted for use in drilling tunnels, drifts, air-shafts, and the like.

One of the Objects of the present invention is to provide a means for supporting the drill-head, shaftA and other parts upon adjustable supports on a truck or carrier in such maiinertliat the drill-head shaft majv be maintained at all times in the plane of the desired line of travel even when the truck or carrier may deviate therefrom due to various causes that may arise during the progress .of driving a tunnel. j lt is also an object olE the invention to provide means wherebyv a lateral movement of the drill-head relative to the truck or carriage may be eliected, so that the device may be arranged for driving a tunnel through an arc of any desirodiadius instead of in a straight line.A

lt is a further object of the invention to balance the machine by placing upon the shaft carrying the drill-head a number of counterweights that may lie-added to or taken from, and these countei'weights are placed upon the drill-head shaft beyond the bearings for the same on the supporting truck at the end removed from the 'said drill-head, whereby the rill-head may be accurately counterbalanced under the varying conditions to which the machine may be subjected when in use.

.'lhe several objects of my invention are realized vin the machiin` which l will now proceed to describe and which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which,-

.Figure 1 is a. longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of a drilling machine con; struc/ted iii accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a tace or front view of the drill head; Fig. 3 is a rear elevation oll the machine with the counterweights omitted; Fig. t is a crosssection through olie of the journal boxes; and some of the adjacent parts; Fig. 5 is a plan View, looking from below, ol' the two journal boxes and connecting parts; Fig. 6 is a top plan View of the truck or carriage upon Patented July '7, 1908.

`which'tlie drill-head bearings are mounted with the skeleton frame entering the same shown in transverse section; Fig. 7 is a detail section through a headshowing a portion of one of the cutter blades and means for portion of lthe drillremovably securing the same to the drill-head 3 this figure. being drawn on a larger scale than the preceding figures; Figs. 8 and 9 are detailed views Oldifferent 'forms of ieamer blades to illust-rate the provision for the co ment thereof; Fig. 10 is a section, part arse and ine adjusty iii elevation, of one of the anti-friction ballcarriers; Fig. 11 is an end view of the front end'of the main shaft drill-head; Fig. 12 is a where it carries the cross section, partly in elevation, ot the mechanism for imparting a rotary motion to the drill-head shaft; Fig.

13 is a longitudinal section,

tion, of the same struc partly in elevature; and Figi 14 is' a detail ot one of the supporting jaekscrews and its removable seat.

/ Referring irst to the structure, as shown iii Figs. 1, 2 and 3, consists ot' a spider 1 ol a kii-iii-iieiid, this iaineter a little Se less than the )ore of the tunnel to be cut.

This drill-head spider consists of a hub 2 from which project a number of radial arms 3 integral with a number of concentric rings 4, the outer one of which constitutes the periphery of the. drill-head.

Each arm 3 has formed on its rear face as an integral art thereo ring Lldlias formed on jecting 'web 6, the hub, being all formed as a web 5, and each it a iearwai'dlv-proarms, rings an webs L one integral whole.

Each web extends from its corresponding arm to the rear end of the hub 2 at the point of juncture and this `web is of gradually decreasing width toward the per head to a point near th ring el.

of these two parts,

widens until it merges into the web 6 ol' the outer ring 4, which `l tends to the rear as fail as the. rear About midway of the outer the hub 2.

iphery of the drille web 6 on the outer At this point the web graduall) ast-named web exedge olE web 6 and formed on its inner face so as to project radially inwar( of the drill-head is a web 7.

l toward the center shortstrengthening if,

The structure just, described is such that `the drill-headl spider is braced in all directions and may come against strain that may be bi against strains that its Vfront face and no 'ought to bear upon 110` stantially reference to other iigures of the drawings.I

Secured to the arms 3 tangential to the boss 8 are a number of cutter-blades 10 of a length sufficient to span two arms, as shown, and beyond these tangential blades each arm carries a series of blades 11 parallel to the blades 10, and still further toward the periphery of the drill-head each arm has another set of parallel cutter-blades 12 'shorter than the blades 11 and set at a j slightly flatter angle to, the arc described CII by al-l the blades as the drill-head rotates.

Now, for structural reasons, the drill- -head is made of two halves, as indicated in the drawings, after the manner of an` ordinary split pulley, and the meeting edges of these two halves are formed with arms' 3 of less width than the other arms 3 but the combined width of two contiguous arms is greater than that of any single arm 3 elsewhere located. For this reason the cutter-blades 10-11`12 secured to these arms are somewhat longer than those secured to the other arms, so as to straddle the intervening space between the arms. The rings 4 of the drill-head are extended slightly beyond the adjacent arms 3, and the webs 5 are correspondingly thickened at these points to provide for the passage Aof the securing bolts 13 by which the two halves of the drill-head are secured together. Between the arms, the drill-head is rovided with a number of radial cutter-blades 14 extending from the innermost ringV 4 to the next adjacent outer ring 4, and from the latter ring to the peripheral ring 4 are a number of other cutter-blades 15 all of which Alatter are adjustable radially oute ward and constitute reamer blades as will hereinafter appear. The several blades of the drill-head are secured to the spider by means best shown in Fig. 7.

In Fig. 7 only one of the arms 3 is shown and this will illustrate the manner of fastening the cutter-blades to the drill-head; however, these blades are carried both by the arms 3 and the rings 4. Formed in the 'outer face of the arm 3 is a groove 16 arranged at a suitable angle to receive the inner edge of one of the cutter-blades,l say, a cutter-blade 11. At one side of the groove v16 the arm 3 is formed with a rib 17, not shown in F ig. 7 but clearly shown in Fig. 2, and this rib terminates in an enlargement 13 through which extends a perforation to the rear face of the arm 3,

ceases receives the shank of an' reference to Fig. 2 it will be seen that each bladeis held to the drill-head by two or more of the bolts 19. It will also be seen that the cutter-blades are thus securely held in their -seatsbut at the same time, by removing the nuts 22, these cutter-blades may readily be removed. As shown in'Fig. 7 and also in Figs. 1 and 2, the cutting edge of each of these blades is formed into teeth 23, each generally frusto-pyramidal in shape with an elongated rectangular base and an elongated cutting face. a I

Those radial cutter blades 15 which I have termed reamer blades extend beyond the outer ring 4 of the drill-head and are there supported by brackets 24integral with the ring 4 and projecting outward therefrom in a.

radial. direction. These brackets have grooves like the groove 16 in Fig. 7 and ribs 17 for receiving and supporting the cutter blades. The brackets serve as supports for those portions of the reamer blades which project beyond the periphery of the outer ring 4 and at the same time provide ample clearance space for the drillehead outside of said outer ring 4.

These reamer blades project a short distance beyond the outer ends ofthe brackets 24 and arethere formed with ra? dially projecting reamer teeth 25 in addition to the teeth 23, which latter are like those of the other blades. The reamer blades are cut away back of the teeth 25 so as to provide clearance space and to provide for the wear of these teeth. The extent of radial projection of the teeth 25 ofthe reamer blades bej yond the brackets 24 will determine the diameter of the bore of the tunnel as cut by the drill-head.

In the operation of the machine the teeth 25 willrbe gradually worn oil' on their radially outward edges and provision is therefore vmade for adjusting these blades 15 radially outward. In order to facilitate the adjustment of these bladesthere is provided a line adjustmentfor some of' themand a coarse adj ustment for others. For instance, a certain few, say, four, ol the reamer blades, equi distantly arranged around the periphery of the drill-head, are provided with smooth slots 26, as shown in F ig. 9, for the reception of the ends 2O of the bolts 19; and the rear faces of these particular blades' are provided with one or 'more .lugs 27 against -which abuts an adjusting set screw 28 suitably threaded through a vlixed studon an appropriate portion of the drill-head. By simply loosening the nuts 22 of the bolts 19 a very delicate radially outward i balls jamming under the action of the large ball. The ball cups 44 are each provided with a central perforation l leading from the bottom of the rece tacle 46, so that any par. ticles` of matter willich may find their way into the receptacle 46 will ultimately esca e through this passav'eway 51. When seated 1n the pockets 43 eac cup 44 is adjustable in a radial direction to or from the shaft by means ofa set-screw 52. YVithin the lower hali of the journal casing are placed as many of these ball-bearing units as space will permit for the Weight of the part supported by these ballbearing units is great and it is desirable to reduce the friction to a minimum. The upper section of the journal casing is not provided with as many ball-bearing units, since this section of the casing is subjected to very little lateral thrust from the shaft, it only being necessary to provide that the shaft be kept in strict alinement in its bearings so. far as the pper ball-bearing units are concerned. In-order'to provide for wear, the shaft 32 is surrounded where it passes through each journal bearing, with a hardened steel sleeve 32 against which the ball-bearings engage and w 'oh when worn, ma be readily replaced with a new one wit lout damage or wear to the shaft itself. j It will be observed that in Figs. 1 and 4 the ball-bearing cups are shown as rectangular in cross section, while in Fig. the edges are chamfered. The purpose of this latter construction will be shown further on since the cups as illustrated in Fig. 10 are designed to be used in another part of the structure.

Before referring to the other arts connected with the bed-plate 37, I wil first describe the truck onwhlch the weight of the structure is supported andby which the whole, structure 1s permitted to be moved forward. This truck consists of two skeleton endframes 53 joined at the sides by trusses 54, the arts being firmly bolted together. At the oWer corners of each skeleton frame 53 are formed j ournal bearings 55 for rollers 56. These rollers 56 are so supported by the journal bearings 55 that the plane of rotation of 4the rollers on one side of the truck will intersect the plane of rotation of the rollers on the other side of the truck at the axis of the shaft .32,- in other words, the rollers are larranged to rotate in planes radial to the axis of the 55 'ournal. The bed-plate 37 between the two lower sections of the journal casing is formed with a rectangular, downwardly-projecting skeleton frame 57 which enters, the space formed between the

truck members

53 and 60 the trusses 54, and this frame 57 acts as a x guide for the journal bearing supports in the truck, so that the journal bearing `supports may be'moved vertieallyfor ali distance with relation to thetru'ck and the fit of 65 the parts is sufficiently loose to permit a cer- 1 tain limited lateral swing of the journal bearings with relation to the truck. Ad'acent to the four corners' of the truck, which is suhstantially rectangular in general shape, are adjusting j aekscrews 58 engaging in suitable nuts formed in the truck frame and .having` capstan heads 59 below the' point of engage ment with the bed-plate 37, at which latter point the bed-plate 37 is A)rifvided with ellip tical seats 60 to receive the thrust of the l: jackscrews, and each of these seats is surrounded by an elliptical ila-nge 61 to prevent possible disengagement of the j aclrscrew with the seat 60. By adjusting the four jacl screws, the journal bearings together 'with the shaft 32 and the drill-head may be li'te/.l

as desired to bring the shaft into alinerne: with the axis of the tunnel and to accommodate the truck to the various conditions that may arise. @ther j aclrscrews 62 are pre vided adjacent to the j aclrscrews 58 and ar-I ranged at an angle both if'ertically and horizontally to the axis of the machine, one end 63 of the jackscrews being threaded and seated'in a nut formed in the lower' face of the bedplate 37 and theother end in abutment with a lug 64 on the top el' the adjacent portionci the truck frame near one of the jackscrews The angle of the jackscrews 62 is such that they will tend to move the shaft 'and its bearlings together with the drill-head horizontaliy upon a vertical axis substantially central to the bed-plate 37'. The elliptical seats 60 and ianges 61 are curved on a radius struck from the center of the bed-plate 37 and thus constrain this bedplate to move around a vertice?. axis when the aclrscrews 62 are properly ma nipulated. The approximate extent of ange lar movement of the bed-pla te 37 is indicated in Fig. 5 by the displacement of the dotted out lines with relation to the solid outlines. lri marily, the jackscrews 62 are intended to e'eot the slight angular movement of the drill-head in relation to the truck, that where it is desired to drill a tunnel on curve this may be done when the plane of travel of the truck is out of alincincnt horizontally with the plane of travel of the shaft. 'in arl-- dition to this function, the jaclrscrews 62 alsr serve, when properly manipidatcd, to lo "n the shaft and ournal bearings together 'en the drill-head in the position to whichV they have been adjusted with relation to the truck. The frame 57 of the bed-plete 37 is on being moved up and down in the pocker;- therefor formed in 'the truck, subjected to more orless wear. Forthis purpose hardened steel wearing plates 65 are secured thereto at appropriate places and these plates nir-.y be readily replaced when worn.

,orden that the drill-head and orts may be prevented from lifti p rom the truck, each upper half of th nal casing is provided with two redini arms, best shown in Fig. 4 inn ales; .f

seams? again as occasion may require and in practice it will be made `at comparatively frequent intervals. The rest of the reainer blades l5 are provided with similar slots 29, as best shown in Fig. 8, but instead of these slots being smooth,.as shown in Fig. 9, the bottom walls of the slots are formed into a series ol' curved seats 30 all of such size as to receive and seat the heads of the bolts lQ These last-named reamer blades can therefore be adjusted only step-by-step, each step.

representing a movement equal to the diametrical thickness or' the head 20 oi' a bolt 19. New, by adjusting the reamer blades 15 having the smoothslots .26, the diameter of the bore ofthe tunnel has been kept true, but the reamer blades l5 having the coarse adjustment have been wearing away and becoming shorter and shorter. Ultimately this wearing away is equivalent to the width of one oi' the seats 30, or, in other words, to the width of the head. 2() of a bolt l). Then this oc-l curs all of these coarsely-adjustable reainer blades may be moved radially outward a distance equal to the thickness of the head 1Z0 of a bolt 19 and. then locked in the adjusted position.

rThe brackets Zeil are provided at the rear with webs 3l l'or imparting strength thereto, and these webs are so spaced as to leave room lor the nuts ol the bolts 19 which are provided for fastening the outer ends of the reamer blades to the drill-head.

in order that the teeth ol' the cutter-blades may reach every portion ol" the surface to be eut, the teeth. on acent cutter-blades are arranged to mov'c, the drill-head rotates, in arcs interposed. between the arcs described by the teeth of adjacent cutter-liilades.

It will be observed that the cutters on the boss S project l'urther forward than those on the rest of the drill-howl, and this` will cause the drill-.head to out a central or guiding passage into the end vwall of the tunnel in advance ol' the main portion ol the drill-heard, thus serving to lead the. drill-head and maintain in the plane of travel deterl-nined upon.

Coming, now, to the means of support-ing the drill-head, there is shown u shalt 32, the

.front end ol' which is reduced in diameter and e lormed'into au.

approximately-rectangular portion 323 beyond which the shalt is again reduced into a substantially rectangular' portion 34. and which terminates in a cylindrical portion The hub 2 is similarly formed with shouldered pmtions to receive the step portions 33-34 of the shaft and the cylindrical portion 35 thereof. The hub is secured to the portieri 35 of the shaft by a key or pin in the usual manner. Since, as will hereinafter more fully appear,

l l l l l l. l l

l j l j l l. l j j l l l vthe torni of a bed-plate 37 subjected to heavy erul-thrust impacts, it will be seen that the step portions 233-34--35 form extended thrust bearings for the drillhead and the impact blows are therefore well distributed. over this end of the shaft. Further than this it will be observed that the substantially rectangular portions SBfB-t will cause the huh -to rotate with the shaft without bringing undue strain upon the pin 36 and the reduced end 35 ol the shalt.

In order to support the heavy weight of a structure of this character where the drillhead is many feet in diameter and heavy blows are delivered thereby, l. have devised a special form of journal bearing and supporting truck therefor. The journal bearings, or" which.v there are two suitably spaced apart are shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5. The two bearings and the spacing connection are `n carrying at the two ends semi-cylindrical lower portions 3S-39 olf' the journal casing, all strengthened by a suitable web construction, as indicated. in the drawings, but wliich need not be particularly described. The journal casings are completed by the semi-oylimlrieal caps 4t), also provided with strengthening webs, and these two parts, namely, the bottom hall" oi each journal and the top half or cap thereof, are joined at their meeting faces by bolts -l-l passing through flanges 4?. provided l'or the purpose and in the manner common to structures olf this character. Formed on the inner l'ace of each. lower half of the journal casing is a series of pockets 48 for hall-bearing cups de, best shown in Fig. 10 though shown (juite clearly but on a much sn'laller scale in Figs. l and 4. 'lhese ball-l-)earing cups le are each composed of a cylindrical casting having a peripheral lla-nge 45 at the upper edge and a semi-spherical cup-shaped receptacle 45 .l'or the balls constituting the ball-bearing. rl`his ball-bearing is composed of a large ball 47 seated on a number ol smaller balls 4S embracing practically hall the Isurface of the large ball and disposed between the latter' and the Wallsof the semispherical receptacle loll The; balls are retained within the cup by a top plate do" having an opening 49 of suitable shape lo permit the ball #i7 to project a distance and at the groove 50, of such size as to permit the upper row of balls to play around the same freely. so that when the large.l ball 47 is rotated the balls are slowly carried down one side and up the other sideinto the free runway 50, when they will readily be diverted laterally and uickly l'ind their way around this runway to follow the downward stream o f balls passing under the large ball 47. This Jfree runway is an important feature of these 'ball-l. earings the shaft is since it prevents any danger of the smaller corresponding shown at 67 and there receiving the journals of a roller 68 adapted to travel along,T in

Contact with the walls of the up er section of the tunnel. The inner end of vt ie bar 66 is seated in a pocket formed of two parts, one part 69 being formed upon the u )per portion of the journal casing and the ot erv part being separately formed and provided with a flange 71 bolted to a similari ange 7 2 formed on the part 69. Outside this pocket the oar 66 is threaded, as shown at 78, and there receives a headed nut 74, between the head' of which and the end of the pocket is a spring 75. Each thrust-rod 66 of one journal casing is connected by a bar 76 to the thrust-rod of the other upper journal casing, so that the said'bars 66 will operate in iairs. These thrust-rods serve to maintain t eshaft 32 and the journal bearings and parts carried thereby firmly seated on the truck, while at the same time they yield to any adjustment of the truck by means of the jackscrews before-mentioned. Wvhe'n it is desired to remove the machine from. a tunnelor to retract it for any distance, these thrust-bars are removed by disengaging them from the upper journal casing' at the Aflanges rZl'Z. New', in order to counterbalance the weight of the drill-head,

, which is considerable, and thereby prevent an unequal strain upon the thrust-bars 66 and possible n'iisalinement of the .shaft with relation to the'truck carrying the same, because there is no posit-ive connection between the shaft jmirnal structure and the said truck, that end of the shaft which is remote from the drill-head has placed upon it at ashort distance from the rear journal support of the shaft av number of counterweights 7 7, the said shaft at this point being reduced, as shown at 78, to receive these weights, and by making the weights in sev- 'eral-pieces it is possible to nicely adjust them to the exigencies of practical service.` The drill-headshaft is in Apractice connected to a suitable steam driving mechanism which will cause a reciprocation of the shaft through a limited` distance, the said shaft being connected directly to the piston of the driving mechanism and the truclf` beine,r connected through braces 79 to the cylinder of said engine. This driving mechanism is Anot shown7 since in itself it forms no part of the present invention, and. any well-line wn form of driving mechanism which will produce the reciprocating action desired may be used; such, for instance, as is used in connection with steam hammers. New, it is desirable in connection with the reciprocatory motion of the drillhead that it be slowly turned so as to bring the cutter-blade teeth against successively fresh portions of tha surface to be eut and so chip the saine away, the ion boing similar quite wide, as indicated in Fig. 18.

to the action ota stone niasons chisel. For this purpose I have devised a rotary feed mechanism which will. cause the shaft by its reciprocation to be slowly rotated. This means for rotatingr the drill-head is illustrated in Fig. l and on a larger scale in Figs.

-12 and 13. ,Upon the shaft, at a point midway between the two journal casings ol theshaft, there is secured to the latter a sleeve 80 by keys 81. This sleeve has in its outer surface grooves 82 extending longitudinally thereof at a slight angle to the plane of reciproeation of the said. shaft. Encircling this sleeve is a .narrow Icollar 83 carrying.;` on its inner face a number of anti-friction balls 84 engaging and arranged to travel in the grooves 82 and held to the collar 83 by an annular plate 85 and engaging said collar in longitudinal grooves 86 formed on its inner face. The plate 85 is held to the collar by end-plates 87 fast thereon at each end so that this plate is confined to said collar by said end-plates 87. The collar 83 is mounted in a bearing composed of a lower section 88 formed integral with the bed-plate 37 midway between the two journal bearings for the shaft. The bearing of the collary 83 is completed by a cai-plate 89 secured to the bottom portion of tLhe bearing;l by bolts 90 passing through ears 91 formed upon both parts of the journal bearing at the meeting edges tliereof. The collar 83 is confined in the bearing from moving laterally thorein by an i1i\\'a1dly-projecting annula.` flange .(32 formed on each side of both parts of the bearing, and in order to reduce the friction between this eollar and its journal to a minimum, a series of anti-friction balls 98 are arranged in suitable raceways formed in both 4the collar and the journal box. adjacent to the flanges Q2.

It will now be seen that when the shaft is reciprocated the inclined. grooves 82 will tend to cause a rocking of the collar S3, about its axis, which latter is coincident with the axis of the shaft 32.

To restrict the rotary motion of the collar 83 to one direction only, the said collar has upon its periphery midway between its ends a continuous series of ratchet teeth 94, and in the cap portion 8l) of the journal bearing arrl formed a number (there being eight shown in the drawings) of radial slots in which play gravity pawls 96, the inner ends of which. are arranged to engage the teeth 94 on the collar 83 wheu'the latter is turned in one direction but to permit the teeth to lift the pawls and ride under the same when the collar is moved in the other direction. A large number of teeth are disposed around the collar 83 and for this reason the pawls are necessarily quite thin. ln order, therefore, to ncrease their weight so that they will acl promptly and by gravity only, they aire made n order to turn the collar in a f teeth 94 to ride under and are grouped so that more than when desired, an eye 97 is formed in the upper end of each where it` projects from'the slot receiving it. Since the pawls act by gravity alone, it is advisable to reduce the frictional Contact betweenthem and lthe walls of the slots, and' for this purpose the walls are cut away both at 'the sides and ends of the pawls, as shown at '98, so that the pawls engage the slots only 4near the outer and inner portions thereof. l

lt will now be seen that whenl the shaft 32 is moved in one direction the grooves 82, acting through the anti-friction balls 84, will tend to turn the collar 83 in a direction and to an extent depending upon the pitch of the said grooves 82 to the plane of reciprocation of the said shaft, and when the shaft is moved in the other direction it will. tend to return the collar 83 to its original position. Now, if the first movement of reciprocation tends direction to cause the the pawls, this collar will move rotatively for a distance corresponding to the angle of the grooves 82 to the Y plane of reciprocation of the shaft and also the extent of reciprocation of the shaft. When, however, the shaft is reciprocated thev reverse direction, this collar is held against return movement by certain of the pawls and the shaft is itself rotated for a distance equal to the rotative movement of the collar 83 caused by the first' movement o'f the shaft.

In the operation of drilling it is customary to reciprocate the drill-head through different distances from a maximum to a minimum to strike blws of various force, as desired. The grooves 82 acting upon the collar 83 will therefore move this collar about its axis distances commensurate with the degree of reciprocation vof the shaft 32. It is desirable that the shaft be rotated at every reciprocation. If but one pawl 96 were used, the shaft would ciprocation was suflicient to cause a movement of the collar '83 sufficient to carry a tooth under that pawl.l But sometimes the reciprocation is less and in such case no rotative feeding of the shaft would occur. To provide for,`this a number of pawls are used one pawl will engage a tooth'at a time, this latter effect, however, only being for the .purpose of relieving the structure of too much strain, since la .single pawl engaging a single tooth might in. large machines result in stripping the tooth from the collar. Now, by arranging the pawls in series so that a number of pawls will cover a larger number of teeth, which number of teeth, however, is less than the lowest multiple of the number of pawls,

provision is made for having a pawl of each y series engage a tooth even though the shaft be rotated only when the re-l 'dius of the flange 6 of t eeasaa that these pawls may be readily removed Y be reciprocated but a fraction of its I' mum reciprocation. Suppose the maximum time engage a tooth 94. Suppose, now, that the operator desires to strike a lighter blow. Theshaft is reciprocated formerly and the tooth pawl will no longer be carried from under the same to an extent suflicient to enable this pawl to engage the next tooth. One 'of the succeeding pawls, however, which are so spaced as to engage teeth at various points upon their inclined surfaces, will by thisl time have dropped in front of a tooth and will prevent the return movement of the collar 83, and, consequently, the shaft 32 will be rotated to a corresponding extent, althou h not that of the full length of a tooth. nthe structure shown the minimum feed of the collar 83 which will cause a rotation of the shaft 32 is one quarter of thelength' of a tooth, since there are seven teeth embraced by any four successive awls. With this structure it will be seen t at to all practical purposes, whatever the length of stroke of the reciprocating shaft, there'will always be a rotation of the same tol an extent proportional to the extent of reciprocation of the shaft.

In order to motion of the s aft 32, the journal boxes for shaft will turn the collar 83 a distance of one tooth. Under such.

conditions the Erst pawl to the each series, as shown in Fig. l2, will each to a less extent than i engaged' by the iirst 95, rovide for the reciprocatory i said shaft are located far enoudgh apart to cribe wit take in the mechanism des reference to Figs. v12 'and 13 for causing the progressive rotary feeding of the shaft and to allow for the reciprocation of the sleeve 80 which, -when the shaft is reciprocated, rides through the collar 83 and its supporting parts. The ball-bearings which constitute the journal bearings for the shaft 32 permit both reciprocator and rotary motion j of said shaft,' as wi be readily understood.` It will be understood, however, that other types of anti-friction bearings maybe used for* the shaft and other parts instead'of the ball-bearings herein described. n

To provide additional support for the drillhead there isplaced in front of the truck and on each side of the vertical axis of 'the machine supporting means for the drill-head Vcomprising a segmental. casting in the form` of a rectangular late 99 bent on an aro of which the axis o the shaft 32 is the center and on a radius slightl longer than the rae outer ring 4' of the drill-head. Each of these plates. 99, which are shown in Figs. l and 3, are provided with a number of ball cups 44, such as shown in Fig. 10, and these ball cups project through the plate and the lower. faces are chamfered as shown at 100 in Fig. 10. On the outer face of each plate99 are journaled drill-head has been properly,v

. drill-head begins to reci procate,

iwill maintain the drill-head egaal@ a number the said face and designed to travel on the contiguous wall of the tunnel behind the drill-head, while the balls 47 projecting from the other face of the plate engage the outer periphery of the flange 6 of the outer ring 4 of the drill-head. These plates serve to support in part the Weight ol the drill-head and constitute a broad bearing which will prevent the structure from sinking into the Walls ot' the tunnel should, for instance, the front Wheels of the truck on either sides or' both hanen to pass over a sott portion ot' the Wall of the tunnel. Each plate 99 is conneetedto the front of the truck by the

stayrods

103 and 104, while the lower ends of the said plates are connected together by other stay-rods 105, so that these plates are rigidly supported. They are so placed as to permit the reciprocation of the drill-head with the shaft 32 Without interference.

New, let it be assumed that the machine is about to operate to d-rill a tunnel. The structure is moved to the roper point by any suitable means and the tlirust-bars 66 are adjusted to the Walls of the tunnel; also, the

alined and leveled by means of the jackscrews 5S and (52 and the counteibalance weights 77 have been pro erly placed, and the reamer blades have all lieen adjusted to cut a tunnel oll the desired. bore, the engine is started and the The cutterblades are brought into contact with the end of the tunnel, those on the boss 8 cutting a small central guide bore in front ol' the main bore of the tunnel cut by the remaining blades. The reciprocation of the drill-head is continued and the said drill-head is slowly rotated as the eut `-ng proceeds. From` time to time it becomes necessary to adjust those reamer blades provided with the fine adjustment, and, at less frequent intervals, those provided with the coarse adjustment. As the machine progresses and soft spots in the tunnel may be encountered, the plates 99 in alinement with the axis of the bore ol' the tunnel, since they provide a broad bearing for the l'ront of the truck. From time to time it may become necessary to cause the machine. to bore on a curve, in which case the shaft is turned at a slight angle to the line of travel olI the truck by means ot theI jackscrews 62 as before explainedL ln this latter case it will be necessary, ofcourse, to correspomlingly adjust the supplemental supporting plates $10 by loosening up the rods 103, 1041 and 10.3, and again fastening them in place alter the adjustmcnts have been made.

The drill-head may be led lorward toward the breast ol' thc. tunnel the cut progresses in any suitable manner and by any suitable means, but as such means in itsel l'orxns no l l l i j i bearings of rollers 101 in ears 102 formed. on l part of the present invention and may, if desired, be of any known type adapted to the purpose, it is not shown in the drawings and no description thereot` is deemed. necessary.

The jaekscrews 58 work in nuts formed in blocks 106, preferably made square and extending through square openings in the truck members over the truck wheels. 'lhese openings are indicated in dotted lines at 107 in Fig. 6. Around the upper 'lace ot' the block 106 is formed a flange 10S which engages the portion of the truck trame 53 innnediately surrounding thc opening 107 and so supports the block 106. By making the block 106 separate from the truck vframe this block may be made of specially tempered steel and the nut for the jacliscrew 58 may easily be 'l'ormcd therein. Also, the threads being subject to wear, the block may be readily replaced at any time without interference with the truck or necessitating the replacing of large and expensive castings. Since the weight ol the shalt and parts earricd thereby and the journal bearings for the shalt are all supported upon thc jacliscrews 58, the blocks 106 will be held in-thei'r seats in the truck frames 53 without any special fastening means.

l claim j 1. v.ln a drilling machine, a rotatable drillhead, a shaft carrying said drill-lived, journal 'for the shalt, a truck, and adjusting screws carried by the truck and forming the sole support for but not connected to the journal bearings.

'.2. ln a drilling machine. a drill-head, a shalt, journal bearings lor the shalt, a truck, a guide on the journal bearings enacting with but not connected to the truck, and adjustable supports between the truck and the journal bearings.

3. .ln a drilling vmachine, a drill-head,4 a shalt, journal bearings for thc shul't, a truck, a guide between the truck and the journal lgiearing's, permittingr the latter to move vcrtically, said guide being located midway ol the journal bcarings and movable iu the trucrLLand vertically adjustubl(` supports for the journal bearings located to thc liront and rear of said guide.

- 4. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shalt for the drillduad, journal bearings lor thc shalt, a truck, a guid(` bctwcnn tlu` truck and journal bearings, located .midway ol' the latter and movable vertically in the truck, and adjusting screws carried by the trui-k at thc l'ront and rcur ot' said guiding' comufction und engaging but not connctcd to thc journal bearings.

lr. a drillingl machine, a drill-lead, a shalt and connected spaced journal bearings l'or thc .samt- :i truch, :t guide locatcd but wcen tluA journal bearings and entering and movi ceases vertically in the truck frame, and adhle supports for the front and rear of y guide mounted upon the truck frame ier on said journal earings and ble therewith, a truck receiving said f, and verticallyadjustable supports on p truck for said journal bearings.

ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a and journal supports therefor con- 'A and spaced apart in alinement with i f naft, a guiding member formed on the bottom of the connected journal supports, a truck having an extended wheel base with a receptacle therebetween for the guide on the journal supports, and adjusting screws lof'ed above the wheels of the truck andenf) the journal supports. In vaf drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and connected and spaced journal suppo stherefor, a guide member formed on said journal supports intermediate of the same, a trucl-r having an extended wheel base and composed of two joined wheel-carrying members anc receiving the guide on the journal supports in the space between the said wheel- *i carrying members, and a number of jackwheels of the si'irev-Js, each located over the truclr and carrying the weight of the drillhead, shaft 'and journal supports.

Q. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journa supports for the same, a truck, jaclrscrews between the truck and the journal supports, and elliptical seats formed on the journal supports,

10. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supports for 4the same, a

truck, jackscrews carried by the truck andcarrying the journal elliptical seats on the jaclrscrews.

l". 'In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supports for the same, a truck, adjusting means between the truck and the journal supports for moving the latter vertically, and otherf adjusting means between the truck and journal supports at each end of said truck and moving the ylatter in around a vertical axis.

12. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supports for the same, a truck, jaclrscrews between the latter and the journal supports, flanged seats on the journal supports for the heads of the ackscrews, and means for moving the journal supports together with the shaft and drill-head in a horizontal plane upon a vertical axis.

13. in a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and spaced journal supports for the supports, and flanged the journal supports for a horizontal plane same, a truck carrying said journal supports, J

Yiournal bearin s therefor, a

journal supports for .shaft carrying the same at vertical 'and horizontal and located between the truck and journal supportsfor moving the latter in a horizontal plane upon a vertical aXis.

15.In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supports for the same, a truck, jackscrews between rthe truclriand journal supports for supporting the latter and moving them vertically, other jackscrews between the truck and journal supports and arranged at an angle to both for' moving the journal supports in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis, and elongated seats for the vertically-operating jackscrews provided with means for coniining the heads of the screws to the seats.

16. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft therefor and carrying the drill-head at one end, journal supports for the shaft, a truck supporting but unsecured to the journal supports, and a counterweight beyond the journal supports and on that end of the shaft remote from the drill-head.

17. In a drilling machine,- a drill-head, a shaft carrying the same at one end, spaced journal supports for the shaft, a truck carrying the journal supports but unconnected therewith, and a sectional counterweight upon the shaft beyond the journal supports. at the end remote from that carrying the drill-head.

18. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft and journal supports therefor, a guide formed on the journal supports, a truck receiving said guide, adjusting son rws for moving the journal supports vertically and carried by the truck, seats for the vertically-moving adjusting screws, and other adjusting screws interposed between the truck and the journal supports at plane about /a vertical axis.

19. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a sha t carrying the same at one end, journal supports for said shaft, a truck carrying said journal supports, and a counterweight upon said sh aft beyond the ournal supports at the plnddremote from the end carrying the drill- 20. In a drilling machine, a drill-head, a one end, spaced journal supports for the shaft, counterweights upon the shaft beyond the journal supports at the end remote from the drill-head, a truck having an extended wheel base, and carriers upon the truck upon which the an angle and opei ating to move the said journal supports in a horizontalv elliptical circurnscribed lthe nuts and the ends ol journal supports rest and upon which they are'balaneed bj; the eouiiterweights.

'314 In a drilling maohine, a Killah-head, a

ports for the shaft', a truck having radially dlsposed wheels located in diametriel planes cutting the journal supports for the shatt,

shattieairj'inpl the sa ie zu'. one end, spaced and thrust bars .mount-ed on the journal sup and eonneoted journal sujrp'orts ior the shaft, eounterweights upon the shalt beyond the journal su pports at the end ren'iote from the.

.drill-head, a truck with an. extended wheel base, and adjusting screws nea-r the ends olt the truck engaging" the journal supports and constituting the sole oairier `for the journal supports and the parts mounted thereon.

32. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shalt carrying the sano` at one end, spaced and eonaeeted journal supports for the shaft, guide `formed upon said journal supports, truck havingf an extended wheel base and receiving the guide on the journal supports, a. oount-erweight on the shalt beyondthe journal supports at the end remote from the drill-head, and jaohserews oarried by said truckover the wheels thereof and constituting the sole support for the journal boxes and parts rarried thereby.

'23. ln a drilling;l machine, a drill-head, a shaft carrying the saine. journal supports lor the shaft, a truck upon which the journal supports are mounted, and yielding thrustbars projectingl trom said journal supports' for engaging the upper walls ot the bore formed by the said drilling machine.

24. In a. drillingv inarhine. a drill-head, a

shaft earrjfing the saine, journal supports tor the shaft, a. trueli upon whirh thi` journal sup#` ports are mounted and radially disposed upwardly-extending yielding thrust-bars on said journal supports.

25. lin a drilling;A nun-lune, a drill-head. a shat't earryiiugr thi` saine. spared journal supports for the shalt, a traveling earrier tor the journal suppmts, and spared lvielding' thrustbars roaming' with eaeh journal support to `maintain the shal't in alim-nient with the axis ot the bore l'ornnxd bi' said drillinggnarhin@I 2o. ln. a drillingl nuufhine. a drill-h(ad, a shatt carrying' the saine. journal supports lor the shalt, thrust-lans carried bj' said journal supports and poelieted therein, springs surrounding' said thrust bars, and adjustable abutments on. the bars eontining said springs 'laetueenthe said abntanents and the ends of the poeliets.

L7. inA :1 -drilling niarhine, a drill-head, a shalt eai'iafnigI the saine, journal supports for. the shat't, tbrustliearings projeetingin an upward dirert ion troni said journal supports, pockets lorrued on said journal supports for receiving said.v thrust bars. nuts engaging` threaded portions ot said bars, and springs surroundiiuzj said bars and eontined between the porliets.

2h. Vlu a drilling, machine, a drill-hearha shalt carrying the saine, spared journal supports in the diametrie planes of the truck wheels and v substantially diametrically opposed thereto.

29. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shaft eai'ryiiie the saine, spaced journal supports for the shalt, a truek havingT its wheels radially disposed iu diametrie planes cutting the journal supports, and radialljxdisposed lyielding; thrust bars removably secured to the journal supports and extending in the diametrie planes olf the truel: wheels and substantially diainetrieallj opposed thereto.

30. ln a drilling machine, a drill-head, a shalt eari'ying;l the saine, journal supports for the shat't having radially-disposed two-part pockets formed thereon, thrust-bars seated in said pockets, adjustable nuts carried by said thrust-bars, `and springs interposed between said adjustable nuts and the ends of `the pockets.

3l. Il'n a drilling,l machine, a drill-head, a shalt earried thereby, spaced journal supports l'or the shaft, a truek with wheels under earh journal support and having their planes ot rotation i':uliallj'disposed with relation to the axis ol' the shalt, and connected yielding thrust-bars jnojeetine; radiall)v upward from said journal supports.

S2. ln a drillingr maehine, a rotatable and reeipr()eatery drill-head having a hub provided with a stepped soeket, and a shaft for the drill-head having' one end formed into a series ot shoulders engaging the face ol the hub and the stepped portions ol the soeket, in the hub.

3?). VIn a drilling maehine, a rotatable and reeiprocatory drill-head having a hub formed with a stepped sor-het with one or more por-A tions ot` non-circular routeur, and a supporting: shalt for said drill-head having one end redueed and shouldered to lit the socket formed in the hub ol the drill-head and also to bear against the end of the hub,

34. ln a drilling;- maehine, a drill-head, a sha-tt carryingr the same, journal bearings tor the sha-tt, atruek on which the` journal bear ings aremounted, and bearing plates carried bythe truck and interposed between the periphery ofthe drill-head and the wall ot" the bore formed thereby.

35. I n a drilling maehine, a drill-head, a shaft earrying the same, journal supports for the shat't, a truck upon which the journal supports arejinounted, and bearing plates earried by said truek and interposed between the drill-head and the walls ot' the bore formed therebjf', said bearing plates being provided Awith rollers to engage-the walls ofthe bore and anti-frietion bearings to engage the pe riphery ol the drill-head.

llO

36. 1n a drilling machine, a drill head, a l In testimonythat I claim the foregoing as shaft carrying the same, journal bearings for i my own, I have hereto aixed my signature the shaft, al truck, and adjustable supports in the presence of two Witnesses. for'the journalv bearings carried by the truck JOHN PRUE KARNS.

5 and comprising j ackscrews carrying saidv Witnesses: y

journal bearings and having removable nuts i S. P. DE WQLF, seated in the truck. A CHARLES B. WARD.