US892808A - Wood-chipping machine. - Google Patents

Description

EPATENTED JULY 7, 1908.

0. CARR. -WO0D GHIPPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY16, 1906.

8 SHEETSSHEBT 1 No. 892,808. PATENTED JULY 7, 1908. 0. CARR.

WOOD CHIPPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 16, 1906.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

Mfr/ 720632.; na'wzllzr No. 892,808. PATENTED JULY '7, 1908.

O. CARR.

WOOD CHIPPING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 16, 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

OMA CARR, OF CANTON, NORTH CAROLINA.

WOOD-CHIPPIN G MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 1c, 1906. Serial No. 326,434.

Patented July 7, 1908 To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OMA CARR, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Canton, county of Haywood, State of North Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood-Chipping Machines, of which the following is a ful and clear specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which- Figure 1 is a plan showing one form of embodiment of my invention; Fig. .2 a side elevation thereof partly in section; Fig. 3 a

face view of the chip ing disk; Fig. 4 a detail section showing t e manner of mounting one of the knives; Fi 5' a detail section through a portion of t e disk showing the construction and arrangement of the shtters or slashers; Fig. 6 a detail perspective-of the cuttingend of one of the slitters; Fig. 7 a plan v1ew in detail of the deadplate; Fig. 8 demanufacture of paper pulp by the-soda and sulfite processes, t e extraction of tannins, resins, gums, etc., the expulsion of volatile oils, etc. In these operations various degrees of fineness and length of fiber are re: quired in the chip'used, the purpose determining the most satisfactory form of chip.

. Thus, in the simple extraction of tannins,

colors, gums, etc., and in the winning volatile oilsz where the residual fiber is to have no in ure application other than for fuel, the effortha's been to divide the fiber ver completely in orderthat the maximum of fiber may be exposed to the extracting solvent, or to the steam used in expelling the volatiles.- In such industries the wood is chipped across the grain at an angle of about 45, and the chips so made subjected to further division in some form of defibrator, producing fibers of very ununiform length and much dust.

In the manufacture of paper pulp by the processes above mentioned, the initial chips are much la er than those just cited, and the degree 0 defibration is not carried beyond the point of breaking up the large pieces. Owing to the very high temperaturesand pressures used in making pulp by the processes referred to, the use of a fine chip is not essential, such necessity arising only when the pulping process is to be preceded by an extraction process at atmospheric pressure and temperature not exceeding 212 F.

Recent developments in the manufacture jointly of tanning extract and paper pulp from tannin bearing woods, indicate the de sirability of a chipping mechanism operating, not across the grain of the wood at an ang e of 45, but parallel, or nearly parallel with the grain, whereb the wood is divided parallel with the fi er to retain the normal length of the same, but thin enough to permit ready penetration by the solvent re-- uired for complete removal of the tannins.

his condition of fiber, as essential to the joint manufacture of tanning extract and paer pulp, covered in Letters Patent of the nited States Serial No. 762,139, granted to me June 4, 1904. In the practical em loyment of that patent several devices have been worked out to satisfy the condition of fiber required, and ofthese the one herein described appears to possess exceptional advantages.

I use either a vertical or horizontal disk machine, or a cylinder machine, mounting devices thereon at suchintervals as will give the best ca acity per unit of power a pliedon the disli machines up to 7 0" iameter, six knives, onthe cylinder machines u to 5. 0 diameter, four to five knives. ese knives I mount by projectin them through the face of the disk or cylin er, as the point of a plane projects. Beneath the points of the knives slots in the disk or cylinder face permit the chip to pass through and away cm the cutting edge.-

My invention consists in swelling out-the disk or cylinder face at the central or middle line of the knife ath slo i back this swell towards the side lines of t :inife path to the normal face of the disk or cylinder and providing a deadplate of corresponding shape. On the machines using knives 24" in length and upwards I make this swell about 1%, which means 1%" rise half the len th of the knife edge, the deadplates being s aped to correspond.

To indicate the pglilrpose of this swell of the face c ing the ives, take the case of a flat-face disk chipper with straight knives. With such machines the wood is cut endwise, at an angle-of 45 across the grain. The pur- .tically impossi le, as the knife pose I accomplish with my chipper is to greatly reduce this angle of cut, preferably to about 8, and to cut the wood sidewise with the grain. If to the ordinar' flat-faced chip per we present a piece or bi et of wood sidewise of the grain, the knives will take off veneers of a thickness equal to the outset of the knife, and of a length equal to the length of the billet, and when the billet is consumed to a degree at which the remaining section is in thickness equal to the clearance between face of machine and deadplate, it will be pulled through. 7 Thus we have, to secure a veneer not exceedin g thick, these requirements: The kn' e must not be set out more than 3- 2 and the clearance between face and dead late the sameclearly pracoint' would strike the deadplate and be knoc ed OK. In

ractice the minimum permissible clearance is, onexceptionally well-built andrigid machines, not less than %which means that, Working sidewise on the billet in an ordinary straight-face machine, the final part or sliver ofeach billet will be pulled through thick. If all the preceding veneers from the same billet have been taken off 9;,

prepared material is so variable as to be worthless.

The object of my invention is to provide veneers of constantly uniform thickness, such thickness not to excee and at the same time give a slight shear across the grain to open the fibers. If we present a billet to a swell-faced machine, we find that the .point of the knife enters the billet first, and keeps in advance of the sides of the knife to the extent of. the swell. The billet is consumed to a stage at which the knife-point has taken ployed, that the clearance between face anddeadplate may be carried at Now, the right thickness of veneer and absence of sliver being obtained, there re- 'mains the desirability of shortening the veneer to a degree at which it becomes more easily handled in conveyers. Two methods are available for this purpose. First, b cutt1ng out, or corrugating the knives, as s own 111 Fig. 8, so that they present to the wood a number of cuttin points instead of a con tinuous cutting e ge. So made, the knives are set so that, one following another, the

wood is scored out in different paths. If the and the final sliver is drawnthrough thick, the

however, be applied in such machines.

knives are cut out so that the cutting edges are 2 wide, the veneers will be cut that width. This method has the disadvantage of losing the cutting capacity of the spaces cut out. Second, as shown in the other views, by setting in the face, between the knives, hardened cutting points-or slashers, which precede the knives, cutting out narrow paths about deep in the wood, such slashers spaced apart-as the width of ribbon is desired. With the paths so cut, the knife follows and cuts out the narrowed veneer. In my large machines I space these slashers about 2 apart. It is understood that the deadplate or plates must be slotted out to This method I allow the slashers to pass.

to take prefer as it leaves the knife at liberty a full cut at each stroke.

It is obvious that the arrangement of knives, swell of face, corrugation of knives or provision of slashers, applies to either vertical or horizontal machines, or to cylinder machines. On the horizontal disk, or on the cylinder machine, multiple feed-boxes may be used. In such machines the dead knives must be carried on the housing 01 cover, which must be sufficiently heavy and rigid to prevent, vibration. disk machine but one feed-box is usually employed, being horizontal at rightangles to the 'disk face, and provided with suitable forced feed, preferably a ram running in the feed-box and driven by'a compressed air or steam cylinder. In the horizontal disk and cylinder machines the feed-boxes may be vertical or on a strong incline, so that the weight of the billet in the box' holds the lower billet against the knives. Forced feed c%n,

asmuch as the vertical disk machine is much In the vertical cheaper to build for moderate capacities I 'pomts arranged in one or more radial rows and staggered between the knives.

The letter 11 designates the trough or chute in which the billet is supported as it is forced against the disk by the cross-head e which latter is forced forward and retracted by any suitable means. The letter f designates the deadplate fastened at the inner end of the I billet trough or channel.

In Fi 8 the notched knives b hereinbefore exp ained are shown. Having thus fully described my invention,

bination of a rotary nular an ular swel what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is I 1. In a wood-chipping machine, the combination of a rotary member having an annulas swell on its face, knives projecting therethrough and having their cutting edges conforming approximately to said swell, means for dividing the chips into short lengths, and means for supporting and feeding the billet.

2. In a wood-chipping machine, the commember having an anon its face, knives projecting t erethrough and having their cutting edges conformin approximately to said swell, means for divirling the chips into short lengths, and means for supporting and feeding the billet.

3. In a wood-chipper, the combination of a rotary member having on its face an annular pro ection or swell and openings through the swell at intervals, knives carried by said member and projecting obliquel through the o enings in said annular swel and having t eir cutting edges conforming to the contour thereof, said openings forming throat-like passages for the exit of the chips through the rotary member, and means for supporting and pressing a billetof wood against said swe ed portion of the rotary member. i 4. In;combination, a rotary member having on its face a swell having angular sides which meet at the center of the swell, said rotary member having an annular series of openings extending through the swell, knives adjustably secured in said openings and having their cuttin edges extending beyond the angular faces of the swell, said cutting edges conforming approximately thereto, said openings forming throat like passages below the ed es of the knives for exit of the chips cutting edge conforming approximately to 1' the contour of the swell, sai openings form ing throat-like passages below .the edges of the knives for exit of the chi s, and means for supporting and feeding a illet of wood against said swelled member.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix. my signature in the presence of two witnesses this 13th day of July 1906. OMA CARR.

Witnesses:

C. D. DAVIS, L. B. BRIDGES.

portion of the rotary

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