US891293A - Compound steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

llllllL PATENTBD JUN, as@ 190s.

R. SCHULZ.

COMPOUND STEAM TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED MAB... 5. 1906.

wine-saga, v Jv? "-Nq. 891,293. PATENTE) JUNE 23* 190s.

1R. seaux-.2.

GoMPoUNDsTBAM TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.. 5. 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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Bm AVMABLE. com

americaines. f

To alt'whom 'it-may concern: l p B e 1t known that I, RICHARD SCHULZ, a subject of the 'German Emperor, residing Berlin, Germany, have invented certain` 5 ewand usefulImprovementsA in Com ound Steam-Turbines; and I do hereby eclare the following to be' a full, clear, and exact description of -th'e invention, such as will en-I able .others skilled in the art to which it Iapla) Eertains to make and use the same,.reference einghad' to the accomp n ing drawings,

I and to letters or iigures or reierence marked thereon, which form a part ol thisspeciication. :i

This invention relates to steam turbines,

and lmore particularly to compound turbines f provided with means to reverse the direction o-rotation-'o` the respective turbine shafts comprising 'im-pact 'reversin turbines .with

L20, meansltfoJ 'out otf the steam rom any one of` Vthe steam` supply nozzles in said impact turbines, together With theirarrangement with the. forward'drivingturbines, las will hereinaftermore fully appear. a.

Referrin -fftoflthe drawings in whichlike parts"are similarly designated-Figure 1 tratesinpl'an "an arrangement of 'turbines on a single's'haft and a regulable reversing im!" Figs. -2 l3H 3D and 4' arepartial vertical sections through pact turbine, also lon said shaft.

reversing turbines.; Fig. 5 Aillustrates an arrangement, plan, /Of a compound turbine comprising "an impact `and a reaction turbine Witha'regulable reversing turbine of the impact ty'pe on' a single shaft. Fig. 6 is a plan of'.-

thedirect and reversing turbine on a single shaft,pboth being-impact turbines. Fig.- 7 illustrates lcompound turbines arranged on a pairfisha'fts', veachshaft provided with a 40 regrablefreversing turbine of the' impact n typ, Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fi 7, shoW- -iigA closer-arrangement of shafts; ut where thel ersing 'turbine on one vof the shafts is cont ed in ase )arate casing. Figs.'9, l()

and'fgl pp anthe distribution of the I. turb'irie'sfbn vthree shaftmachshaft being provided with av reversing turbine.

It has been-'the ractice to combine with`l` poundftur ines for direct driving,l "veryffewturbine blade crowns of" 1 the jc,

ossible diameter as reversing i 'possible' reverse k drivage 'with the i onsumption. v If; @,EO; the steam be' applied all Specieaticn of Letters Patent.. v Application fixed March 5, lace. seriamasoam.'

.'z IM around the reversin y.turbin hele v Vbe desired, as is often thecse illus-v *f thev steam may' be used tid 'same shaft in order to obtain .f lye 'W impact around the fu lcireumterenc'ethbrnr this steam will expand with gre'atf-ldityf and will pass through their? ersilii'g'tuvrbinel lat a great speed by reason of irelf'ief 'sistance offered theretoehu ce efk il the small .number veor turbine. wlieelcblade crowns in its pathacross thewfv el' sdftha" steam pressure in the heile ra y on account of the. greatste "eiis'inaptinl more steam being consumed `ianinderreili if mal forwardv drivirg. This easterly-ener e? l er ticeable inslow reverse t suddenly change they direetre'ifi and drive forward again,'""th pressurfwill not be'presI l eil quire a considerable tinrevltht ,hgfrig to produce normal conditions driving. From these 'circumstances evident that turbine driv'ef'vv Vessel" be maneuvered with diflicultyjfin fav-hi 'conditions are such that-rbo reverse driving the boilertip maintained up to requireri-"eitsr W" i '-f' In order to' overcome th ldiiificu lslr in'gi from reverse driving, aritlitbfs s'ly"th^ jre quirements' of steam c'onsm'p'to ent invention hasfor-itsobfct 'to cor'yistuc the reversing turbine off'thefim such as shown in Figs. 2,23" .of a diameter as large as phs steam only to a portion ofjthej rc or aty symmetrical points'ai d .ference of the Wheel andpI controlling the passage offsite zles, so that the steam verse driving will be mor that for direct driving, A,anc the sure for maneuvering atdiefr-i be maintained the same forth reverse driving, at Ythe san ino` a more complete contr 'ln the reversing t'urbi" preferably expanded in stages when desired, in s through the nozzles' can understood that im ac t type includes such structures in Wliic i steam expands asin Figs.4 2, 3 and 4, whether it be by stages, or Aby sta es and sub-stages.

-bine'wheels are indicate.d by Z, and it is to be understood that the' proper direction and position is givento lthe'blades on'the turbine heel,l whether the turbine'be for' direct or reverse driving,to producethe desired direc` tion of rotation. Y

. .In-Fig. 1 the tur bine Afolrforvmd dfiving comprises a high-pressure turbine H- anda.

lowpressure turbine N connected in tandem and mounted ona single shaft, A. Steani is admitted by means of the three-way'valve through pi.e V to the inlet chamber' ati@ A and expan s through the reactionA turbines at H and N to the exhaust piped connected o to the condenser for direct or forward driving. Steam can'also be admitted through ,the three-way valve :v from which it enters at e to the inlet chamber of thereversing turbine T and exhausts through d, communication with pipe V being meanwhile cut oif. `The reversing turbine 1n this and the other -iigures may be of a structure shown in any of the Figs. 2, 3 or 4. j v

` In Fig. 2'the reversing turbi'neT. is ofthe impact type where the steam expands' within the nozz es c, c', c2 &c. -in stages-acting u on a wheel having blades z at each stage, ut the nozzles do not .act on theentireci'rcum# ference of the wheel, and means, such as Ivalves are provided to entirely cut oif any one of the'- nozzles', so that there will'be a -lesserarea ofimpact, that is a lesser amount of circumference of the wheel acted upon, at the same time these valves may partially cut 4o Aoif the steam.' Any convenient form of .valve may be used, and either a sliding or a iap valve be substituted for those shown. In Fig. 3 the'steam is `enpandedin stages in the nozzles e and c', but also ex ands-.in sub-stages, there being two sets of b ades Aon the wheel between the nozzles c and c where the steam expands and acts partly .by reaction-While 'expanding on itsl Wa fromthe nozzleofI one stage to that of anot er, so that 5o' in this case the turbine acts partly by impact a'nd'partly by reaction, valves b beingused to close rartly close any' ofthe nozzlesc.

. In Fi '4I have shown twosets of nozzles,

and between them three sets of blades on the turbine Wheel, the steam afterleaving nozzle c acting as it passes from c to c through three sub-stages, on the jblades z. The nozzles o are controlled by independent valves b asin Figs. 2 and 3, but the nozzles c are controlled 6 0- bya ring valve s, bein moved infront of the nozzlesc by means o a worin s.

It will, of course, be understood thatthe number of stages .ofpressure as well as the lsub-stages may be increased ordiminished,` s5 as the requirements of -the particular 'direct driving 'as'consisting in the iirststages -of-pressure of an'limpac't turbine. 20 and in are ofthe impact type, as indicated in Figs.

. Figs. 7 and 8 show rthe turbines distributed upon two shafts. -The high-pressure direct `driving turbine T is on theshaft A, and the 'being admitted at' a, passing through turbine T and connection m overto the low pres- 'T and reversing turbine T are in separate bine may demand, it being understood that in the reversing turbine the steam must not be supplied by nozzles around the whole pe' l riphery 'of the wheel, especially in the first v5 In a of the figures. the blades of the tur# sta es ofpressure, and itis evident that the tur ines T and T instead of being contained in one' common casing may each have its own lcasin in grig. 5i hive 'Shown the 'turbineri farthe last'stage of expansion as areaction turbine 21, and the reversin turbine Tl as lan 'impact turbine, both -of t e turbinesT and 'Tl having a common exhaust pie d and mounted ona shaft common to bot of them. Y 'In Fig. 6, which is similar to Fig.. 5, both of the turbines T and T" mounted on shaft `A low pressure turbine 4Tl-on the shaft B, steam sure turbine T1 and exhaustin v'throu h d tof the' condenser, not shown. 'Bhe hig pressure reversing turbine T -on shaft A receives 'steam through e and discharges through n into the lowxpressure reversing turbine T1 on shaft B and exhausts through d.

Figs. 7 and Bare si lar, the only difference being'that in Fig. 8 the direct turbine ico vas

casings to ermit the shafts'A Aand B tobe A mounted c oser together, and'in both of the figures both the high and the low pressure reversing turbines have nozzles controlled by the valves b. InFig. 7 the steam passes through the direct driving turbines in opposite directions, while in Fig. 8 it i asses through the two direct driving turbiqsin the same direction. v In the form shown in Fig. 9, where the turbines are arranged upon three .shafts, 'themiddle shaft 'A is driven'by the high pressure turbines-T. and T for direct and reverse driving` respectively, and on shafts B and C are the low pressure turbines T1 and .T2 for direct driving and 4T11 and 'T -l2 for reversedrivin Boiler steam issup lied atal to-turbine from which part of the steam passes throu h fm, and part thro gh m to turbines T,L and, exhausting at and-d', 'thereby simultaneously driving all three shafts forward.' For reversing, the direction of rotation-of the shafts, steam is admitted at e, passes throu h the turbine T and through n and 'c' into it e reversing turbines T1 and'T1 for 125v shafts B and C respectively, and exhausting at d and d?. 'v' and ruzare live'steam inlets, whereby steam isadmitted to .turbinesT and T1,e to reverse the directionof veitherV o lthe'shafts BxorC", while two adjacent shafts -1-39 4are being driven forward, suitable valves being seatedl in the connection fn', 11.', m and m t cause'theproper direction of the steamv by opening andclosing the proper valves. The

vone side shaft is then driven in a reverse direction independently ofthe other two, v vhichv may be driven forward. l

The reversing turbine onthe middle shaft p p A, or in lieu thereof, 4the two reversing tur'-i `bines 'on the side shafts B and C may be omitted if desired, utJth'e construction shown in Fig. 9 is 'preferable'. In Fig. 1.0 1s shown an arrangement slightly different from thatof Figl 9, the high. pres,-

sure .turbine being on' shaft C, steam4 being.

' 'admitted ata, passes through the'three tur.

bines T,'T1, T2 in succession, and for the reversing turbines the steam is admitted at e and passes through turbines T1, Ttand T12 in succession, d being `the exhaust for all-of the turbines. p

For economizing'space thel turbines on the ...three shaftsA, B, C, maybe arranged asV shown in Fig.- v11, the direct' and the 'reversing turbines T and T1 being contained in sepa# Arate casi'ngs, the operation of which turbines will be obvious-from what has been said with respect to Fig. 8.'

.The arrangements shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 10. vare especially advantageous for; locomotives.

' vtypeon each shaft, said reversing turbines connected together in compound, and means AThe 'combination with driving shafts, a turbine to drive each shaft,

'Iclaim-- l 1.1The' combination .with aplurality ofdriving shafts, a turbineto drive each, one of the turbines exhausting into another; ofa reversing turbine lon each shaft, said reversing'turblnes compounded, and-meansto con;l

trol the area of the turbine wheel to which steam is supplied.

a pluralityjof said vturbines connected together in com poundgfof a reversing turbine of .the impact to contro-l the nozzles supplying steam the V shafts, a'lturbine to drive each sliaft forward,- ysaid turbines connected together in com /substantia'l y as and forlthe purposes setforth. 4. The combination with a Vplurality -of forward ,ofa reversin'gturbine .on each shaft, said reversing turbines connected together in and the steameX-panded in stages that are distributedon'ytheA several shafts, 'nozzles-for partiallyconverted 4into velocity, and

sure stage of each turbine and valve to cone trol Vnozzles ofl the .subsequent stages of each` f turbine.-`

5. The combination a plurality of same forward ,of a reversing'turbine on each shaft, said reversing turbines-having steam conduits connecting them togetherand hav'- z .7 5` around their circumference, the steam being expanded' in stages that 'aretdis'tributed-on ing wheels supplied with steam partially the plurality of shafts, nozzles vfor each turbine inwhich the energy ofthe steam is partially converted int'o velocity, and valves independent of one another 'to control the v WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

impact turbines, Substantially las described.

' 3. The combination with three driving shafts and turbinesthereon to drive the same4 compound and having wheelssupplied withv vs tear'n partially 'aroun'dtheir circumference nozzles of the highest pressure stage of eacli` 50 pound; of-a reverwing turbineon each shaft. of the impact type-in which 'the steamis eX-' pandedin stages, and means to con-trol the area of impactV ateach stage of expansion,

each stage'in which the energy of the steam valves toj control nozzles of the highest presl 7 shafts, and turbines thereon to drive the

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