US890417A - Surface condenser. - Google Patents

Description

' PATENTED JUNE 9, 1908. W. H. EYERMANN.

SURFACE CONDENSER. APPLICATION FILED DEO.10,19,( )6.

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PATENTBD JUNE 9, 1908.

W. H. EYERMANN. SURFACE CONDENSER. APPLICATION rum) DEO.10,1906'.

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WILHELM HEINRICH EYERMAN N, OF WILMERSL'DORF, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 9, 1908.

Application filed December 10, 1906. Serial No. 347,153.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VVILHELM HEINRICH EYERMANN, engineer, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at W ilmersdorf, near Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Surface Condensers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to surface condensers and an important object is to provide one in which steam is conducted at a iigh velocity to cooled concave curved surfaces, in order to bring about an intimate contacting of the steam with the cooled surface by means of the centrifugal force of the steam.

It is known that condensation of steam on cooled surfaces takes place more briskly, the more care is taken that the steam contacts directly with the surface with a brisk motion. This was hitherto obtained by obstructions causing the steam to whirl or eddy, i. 6. im parting an irregular motion to it, for example by conducting the steam transversely through a bundle-of condensing tubes, or by arranging projections running transversely to the direction of the steam at the cooling surfaces. These arran ements had the disadvantage that the velocity of the steam was very materially reduced by eddies, and the production of additional velocity for the cooling surfaces.

continued motion of the steam which was not as yet condensed was combined with loss of pressure. The present invention avoids this disadvantage, as the steam flows regularly, and eddies which reduce the velocity are avoided, without losing, however, the advantage of the intimate contact of the steam with the cooling surface. This effect is obtained by the steam being conducted at high speed to the regular concave curved The heavy particles of condensed water are thrown with great force against the concave surface by the centrifugal force which the steam develops, and are thus separated from the current of steam.

In order that the cooling surface may not become coated with a layer of water which would be detrimental to the working of the condenser, this water must be removed from the cooling surface immediately after its separation from the steam. This is effected, in accordancewith the present invention, by cavities, holes, slots or the like being arranged at suitable places in the cooling surface, 'in such a manner that the separated water can just pass through, without the surface being so much interrupted, however, that the motion of the steam is disturbed in any considerable degree. The water which has passed through the said cavities is then conducted further away through pipes or channels, so that it cannot get into the current of steam again. 1

In order to prevent having to specially produce the considerable velocity of steam which is necessary for a good effect, the cooling surfaces are preferably built as near as possible to the steam engine, especially when it is a steam turbine, which supplies the steam, so that the velocity of emission of the steam from said engine which in itself is unavoidable is employed for the purpose mentioned.

In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference is made to the accompanying drawing in which several embodiments are shown by way of example diagrammatically, and in which Figure l is a vertical cross-section, and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of one form, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of a steam turbine with another form of condenser directly attached thereto. Figs. 41, 5, 6, 7, and 8 show details of other forms. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal vertical section of still another form of condenser, and Fig. 10

is a partial section on the line 1010 of Fig. 9.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, steam enters tangentially at a into the cylindrical drum 1) or condenser chamber, and in consequence of its energy flows along a spiral path at the cooled cylinder surface 0 with only a slightly diminishing velocity. Slots (1 are situated in this surface, through which the separated water enters into the channels 6, from which it is conducted away through the pipe f. The cylinder is surrounded by a chamber 9 through which cold water flows. The water is admitted at h and discharged at i.

In Fig. 3 is shown the lower part of a turbine having another form of my invention applied thereto. In this case thesteamissu plied in a circular jet to the condenser. T e cooling surfaces are stationary and may be regarded as generated by the rotation of the semi-circular forms running from the top of the tube 76 horizontally outwards. The steam enters at a and then flows, as the arrow indicates, from without to within against the cooling surfaces 0 which arearranged one in and over another. The water which is condensed enters into annular channels 6 through slots (1 at the edge of each ring, from which it flows away through the pipes f into the chamber-7c. The cold water chambers are situated above and below the cooling surfaces 0.

In order to increase the cooling surfaces without lengthening the path of the steam and without appreciably increasing the resistance to its motion, ribs 1 ,(Figs. 4 and 5) may be arranged running in the direction of motion of the steam on the cooling surfaces.

The slots and channels (Z and 0 may in this case be preferably placed likewise in the direction of the flow of the steam.

The cooling surface may consist of a bundle of tubes according to Figs. 6, 7 and S, which is formed in such a manner that it offers a concave surface which causes only slight frictional resistance to the steam and the slots between the separate tubes allow the water which is condensed to pass through. The invention may also be employed as a preliminary condenser in combination with an ordinary condenser.

In Figs. 9 and 10, still another form of con denser is shown, adapted to be applied to the lower end of a vertically arranged turbine. The steam enters at a in the form of an annular jet and passes inwardly over the tubes 0 which are separated from each other by spaces (Z. I The tubes 0 are hollow, as shown at g. The inner ends of the tube communicate with an annular portion 17, which is connected by a pipe on with the cold water supply, and the outer ends of the tubes are con nected to an annular casing, having a discharge outlet -0. The condensed water passes down through the spaces 01 between the tubes 0 and is discharged through the outlet opening 9.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is j 1. The combination of a condenser cham ber having an opening for the admission of steam and an emission opening, with watercooling means adjacent to the same, the side of said chamber being concave hi the direction of the flow of the steam in the same, and having cavities or slots in the same, and con duits communicating with said slots, whereby the centrifugal force of the steam entering said chamber causes the steam to intimately contact with the cooling surface of said chamber, and the condensed water is removed through said conduits.

2. The combination of a condenser chamber comprising a plurality of annular tubes having an opening for the admission of steam and an emission opening, with water-cooling means adjacent to the same, the side of said chamber being concave in the direction of the flow of the steam in the same, whereby the centrifugal force of the steam entering said chamber causes the steam to intimately contact with the cooling surface of said chamber.

3. The combination of a condenser cham ber comprising a plurality of annular tubes having an opening for the admission of steam and an emission opening, with water-cooling means adjacent to the same, the side of said chamber being concave in the direction of the flow of the steam in the same and having cavities or slots in the same, and conduits communicating with said slots, whereby the centrifugal force of the steam entering said chamber causes the steam to intimately contact with the cooling surface of said cham ber, and the condensed water is removed through said conduits.

4. The combination of a condenser chamber comprising a plurality of annular tubes having an opening for the admission of steam and an emission opening, with water-cooling means adjacent to the same, the side of said chamber being concave in the direction of the flow of the steam in the same and provided with ribs parallel to the direction of flow of the steam, whereby the condensing surface is increased.

5. The combination of a condenser chamber comprising a plurality of annular con centric tubes closely adjoining one another.

and provided with water-separating slots and channels arranged concentrically therewith, said tubes being provided with steam admission and emission openings and conduits communicating with the latter, with water-cooling means adjacent to the same, substantiallyas described.

6. The combination of a steam engine having an exhaust port with a condenser chamber having an admission opening in immediate proximity to said exhaust port and an emission opening, a pipe connecting said admission opening with said exhaust port, and, water-cooling means adjacent to said cham- 'ber, the side of said chamber being concave in the direction of the flow of the steam in the same, for the purpose specified.

7. In combination, a steam engine having an exhaust port, a condenser chamber having an admission and an emission opening, watercooling means adjacent to said chamber, the side of said chamber being concave in the direction of the fl0W of the steam in the same, In testimony whereof, I affix my signature, a steam conduit connecting said exhaust ort in presence of two Witnesses. With said admission opening of said cham er,

a surface condenser having an admission WHHELM HEINRICH EYERMANN' 5 opening, and a steam condrut connecting the W1tnesses: v

latter opening with the emission opening of VVOLDEMAR HAUPT,

said condenserchamber. HENRY HASPER.

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