US885123A - Steam-boiler. - Google Patents

Description

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PATENTBD APR. 21, 190s.

I Wr Hl STEAM BOILBRL APPLIOAT'-10N FILED MAY 1 5, 19h?.

z SHEETS-SHEET '2. l

`selves one to the other and WILLIAM H. WOOD, MEDIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-BOILER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 21, 1908.

Application filed May 15, 1907. Serial No. 373,707.

To all 'whom it 'may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. Woon, of the city of Media, county of Delaware, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement in Steam-Boilers, of which the following is a specification.V

My invention has reference to steam uoilers and consists of certain improvements which are fully set forth in the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawings which form a part thereof z Heretofore, great danger and damage have been experienced from that construction of steam boilers in which too great rigidity was provided in the internal construction of the Oilers and more especially in the manner ofl supporting the tubes in the fire-box tubesheet or back-head for the tubes or both, the result being the rupture of the said tubesheet and back-head at their flanges, sometimes causing explosions and invariably frequent repairs with consequent loss of the use of the locomotive during the making of such repairs.

The object of my invention is to provide a construction of boiler, especially adapted for locomotives, which shall overcome the above recited defects and dangers, whereby the durability and life of the boiler is greatly increased and danger to life and property materially reduced.

The natureA of my invention contemplates the making of the internal structure of the boiler in such manner as to give flexibility between the parts so that the enormous power exerted by the contraction and exlpans1on of the boiler-tubes relative to the boi er-shell or A barrel shall be rendered non-destructive by the yielding character of the fire-box tubesheet or back-head or both; thus, in the most complete form of my inventions, the tubes and sheets or heads in which they are secured will be free to mutually adjust themto the rigid shell and fire-box of the boiler, so as to avoid all objectionable rupturing stress and tendencies.

While the coefficients of expansion of the longitudinal elements of the boiler are substantially the same, the conditions of variation of temperatures to which the different elements 'are subjected are so varied and widely divergent that tremendous effort is created in the form of tensile strains which tend to tear asunder or rupture theflanges forming the union of the tube-sheet with the sides of the fire-box as well as the corresponding flanges of the back-head at their union with the boiler-shell, and it is the particular object of my invention to circumvent these destructive influences by embodying into the boiler features of construction which render said forces practically harmless.

My object is further to so construct the lire-box itself that it shall have great flexibility without introducing elements of weakness, and thus permitting the walls `of the fire-box to yield in adapting themselves to meet the conditions of stress set up rather than to oppose said stress or strains by rigidity.

My invention consists in providing the firebox flue-sheet with a flanged outer portion surrounding the lflues in such a manner as to produce a grooved portion within the boundary of the flange and n such a way that a very materially increased sectional area of the tube-sheet is thus provided between the tubes and flanged connection to the top and sides of the fire-box, whereby that portion of the tube-sheet ri idly united to the flues may move with the ues in their expansion and contraction without rupturing the said lluesheet adjacent to its connection with the sides and crown of the fire-box structure.

My invention also consists in forming the sides and crown of the fire-box with an ogee shape where it connects with the flange of the tube-sheet, whereby a larger tube-sheet having my improved form may be employed with a given size of fire-box and tube area.

My invention further consists in providing the boiler with a back-head for connecting with the ends of the tubes furthest from the fire-box, in which the said back-head is rovided outside of the tube area and insi e of the flange with a grooved portion to increase the sectional area and impart flexibility and yielding characteristics to the tube area with res ect to the flange where it is riveted to the boi er-shell.

My invention also consists in providing the sides and crown of the fire-box of one curved sheet having corrugations or indented portions formed therein at intervals, leaving straight portions between and with which the stay bolts connect; the said corrugations terminating above the lower edges of the sides and above the base of the box.

the fire-box, and is flanged as at L on sides l actual flange L is considerably removed from My invention consists further in details of construction which, together withv the features above s ecified, will be better understood by re 'erence to the drawings, in which2- Figure l is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a boiler of locomotive type, embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a cross section on line 2-2 of Fig. l showing one-half of the boiler in section 5 Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view showing on a large scale the construction of back-head illustrated in Fig. l, and Fig. 4 is a similar sectional view showing on a larger scale the construction of the joint between the flue-sheet with the sides and crown of the fire-box illustrated in Fig. 1.

A is the outer shell or barrel of the boiler; B is the outer shell of the fire-box portion of the boiler; C is the fire-box, D is the tubesheet of the lire-box, E is the back-head and Fare the tubes.

The tube-sheet D is made of pressed steel and in area to conform to the cross section of and top and by which flanges it is riveted at M to the sides and crown of the fire-box C. The body of the tube-sheet D, exterior to the area occupied by the tubes F, is flanged in such a way as to form a grooved or indented portion N, which gives an increased surface and sectional area in a plane parallel to the surface of the tube-sheet and transversely considered with respect to the length of the boiler and lire-box. In this manner, the

the tubes and consequently the tube-sheet at its tube area is flexibly sustained relatively to the flanged portions li which are riveted to the sides and crown of the firebox. This flexibility permits the expansion and contraction of the tubes and consequent movement of the tube-sheet without rupturing its flange bend. The lower edge of this flue-sheet D is continued with a downward part or flange L in the plane of the tube-sheet and beyond the grooved part N, and said edgeis riveted to the leg of the boiler-shell through a steel base bushing l in the ordinary manner. Where the leg of the boiler extends considerably below the tubes and a considerable area of tube-sheet below the tubes is available, the grooved portion N may be omitted at the bottom as there will be sufficient flexibility without it.

The sides and crown-sheet of the fire-box may be formed with a series of parallel corrugated or grooved portions J to give flexibility in the direction of the length of the boiler and the flat portions J intermediate of the corrugations J are stayed to the sides and top of the boiler-shell by stays H. The corrugations J terminate at a short distance above the bottom edge of the sheet where it is riveted to the leg through the bushing l. In practice these corrugations J, when used,

would be most advantageous when they extend somewhat below the level of the bottom of the tubes F.

- The end of the sides and crown-sheet of the fire-box C where it connects with the tubesheet is preferably formed with an ogee shape as at K, so that, with a cross section of lirebox no greater than that formerly required, the requisite riveted connection can be made with the flange L in its new position. ln this manner the advantages of my yielding construction may be employed in the tube-sheet without enlarging the mean cross sectional area of the fire-box. Where there is plenty of room above the fire-box and between it and the shell this ogee bend K may be omitted.

The back-head E is constructed similarly to the fire-box tube-sheet D, except that it is circular and lits the barrel A of the boiler, and hence is flanged and grooved all around. The flange is indicated at O and the grooved portion at P. The flange is riveted at ll to the barrel or shell. l have shown the grooved portions P of this back-head directed in an opposite manner to the corresponding part N of the tube-sheet, but this is immaterial as they may point inthe same or opposite directions as preferred. lhile the back-head. had

its portion carrying the tubes thus made with capacity for yielding longitudinally of the boiler, it is evident that, where the tube-sheet D has sufficient flexibility, the grooved portion P of the back-head may be omitted. This would be especially so where the length of the tubes was short and where the corrugations Kwere employed in thelire-box. Similarly, it is evident that if the back-head is given sufficient capacity to adjust itself for the expansion and contraction of the tubes, the grooved portion N may be omitted from the tube-sheet. Also, where the lire-box is made with great capacity for longitudinal expansion and contraction and the leg is sulficiently deep to give movement to the tubesheet at the area'of the tubes, the grooves N may be omitted from the tube-sheet. l, however, prefer in all cases to use the grooved tube-sheet, whether the grooved back-heml and corrugated fire-box, or either of them be employed, or not.

By my improvements, the locomotive may have a much longer life in active service before requiring repairs and the danger from' explosions is very materially lessened. The construction is such that the tubes may occupy the same relative position to the .lirebox as heretofore, because the ogee vflange K permits the introduction of the grooved, portion N outside the tube area without enlarging the general cross section of the fire-box.

l/Vhile l have shown the construction of my invention in connection with a locomotive type of boiler, it is to be understood that my invention is intended -for use with all types of tubular boilers, and while I refer the construction herein set out the etails thereof may be modified without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a steam boiler the fire-box made with a flue-sheet having its top and side edges provided with a flange riveted to the sides and crown of the fire-box and having the 'metal between the tubes and flange pressed into grooved form-in which the direction of the depth of the groove is substantially at right angles to the general surface of the tube-sheet, whereby the tube area of the sheet may yield under the ex ansive influence of the tubes relatively to t e flange.

2. Inga steam boiler the fire-box made with a flue-sheet having its top and side edges provided with a flange riveted to the sides and crown of the fire-box and having the metal between the tubes and flan e pressed into grooved form in which the irection of the depth of the groove is substantially at ri ht angles to the general surface of the tube-s eet and having its surface near its lower edge also similarly pressed into grooved form, whereby the tube area of the sheet may yield under the expansive influence of the tubes relative to the flange.

3. In a steam boiler the fire-box made with a flue-sheet having its top and side edges provided with a flange riveted to the sides and crown of the fire-box and having the metal between the tubes and flange pressed into grooved form in which the direction of the depth of the groove is substantially at ri ht angles to the general surface of the tube- Iieet combined with a back-head provided with a flange and a groove pressed into the body of the head between the flange and tubes in which the direction of the depth of the groove is substantially at right angles to the general surface of the back-head, and tubes rigidly secured at one end to the backhead and at the other end to the tube-sheet, whereby the tube area ofthe back-head, and tube-sheet may yield under the expansive influence of the tubes relatively to the flange.

4. A steam boiler provided with a backhead having its perimeter flanged and riveted to the shell of the boiler and also having an annular grooved portion ressed into the sheet between its flan e an tube area and having the direction o its de th at ri ht angles to the general 'surface o the bac -head sheet.

5. In a steam boiler, a fire-box havin the lower edges of its sides made straight ancIriveted to the leg of the boiler and its sides and crown provided with a series of parallel outwardly grooved portions pressed therein andv extending continuously over the crown and down the sides and terminating at somey distance from the bottom, combined with stay bolts secured at one end to the sides and crown of the fire-box between the grooved pprltlionsand at the other end to the boilers e 6. In a steam boiler, a fire-box having its tube-sheet formed with a flan e on its top and side edges and a groove portion between said flange and tube area and extending in the direction of the tubes', combined with the crown and side sheets having their edges made in ogee form and directly riveted to the flange of the tube-sheet.

7. In a steam boiler, a fire-box having its tube-sheet formed with a flan e on its top and side edges and a grooverf portion between said flange and tube area and extending in the direction of the tubes, combined with the crown and side sheets having their edges made in ogee form and directly riveted to the flange of the tube-sheet and havinCr their surface made with a series of paralle outwardly extending narrow grooved portions arranged at intervals and with interposed wide flat portions for the stay bolts.

8. A tube-sheet for a boiler having a series of apertures for the tubes and its sides and to edges flanged and its surface between the tube a ertures and flan esl pressed into groove form with the dept of the Groove at right angles to the general plane of the surface of the tube-sheet.

In testimony of which invention, I have hereunto set my hand. y

WM. H. WOOD.

Witnesses:

R. M. HUNTER, R. M. KELLY.

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