US8823402B2 - Cable resistance determination in high-power PoE networks - Google Patents

Cable resistance determination in high-power PoE networks Download PDF

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US8823402B2
US8823402B2 US13/303,709 US201113303709A US8823402B2 US 8823402 B2 US8823402 B2 US 8823402B2 US 201113303709 A US201113303709 A US 201113303709A US 8823402 B2 US8823402 B2 US 8823402B2
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current
pse
powered
resistance
modulation circuit
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US20130127481A1 (en
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Marius I. Vladan
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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Broadcom Corp
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Priority to US13/303,709 priority Critical patent/US8823402B2/en
Priority to EP13003644.5A priority patent/EP2658170B1/en
Priority to EP12005869.8A priority patent/EP2597813B1/en
Priority to TW101132305A priority patent/TWI487236B/zh
Priority to KR1020120107821A priority patent/KR101393294B1/ko
Priority to CN201210366450.3A priority patent/CN103138948B/zh
Publication of US20130127481A1 publication Critical patent/US20130127481A1/en
Priority to HK13109947.0A priority patent/HK1182851A1/zh
Publication of US8823402B2 publication Critical patent/US8823402B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/10—Current supply arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/16—Measuring impedance of element or network through which a current is passing from another source, e.g. cable, power line
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors

Definitions

  • PoE Power over Ethernet
  • a powered device such as an Internet Protocol (IP) telephone, a wireless LAN Access Point, and a Security network camera
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • a power sourcing equipment PSE
  • the PSE can allocate power to the one or more PDs and apply the power to the one or more PDs over the Ethernet cable.
  • An Ethernet cable can include four pairs of wires, with each pair of wires being a twisted pair that is utilized for differential signaling.
  • only two of the four pairs of wires in the Ethernet cable are utilized for applying power to the one or more PDs.
  • the PoE networks can support higher current with reduced cable loss.
  • a PSE can determine power loss and budget power allocation amongst the one or more PDs accordingly. Due to imprecise determination of power loss, the PSE may, for example, estimate power loss and, based on the estimated power loss, cease applying power to one or more of the PDs in order to maintain a desired power efficiency in the PoE network. As another example, the PSE may imprecisely allocate less power to one or more of the PDs based on a worst-case scenario.
  • Ethernet cable resistance is a large contributor to power loss. As such, the PSE would estimate Ethernet cable resistance to determine power loss. For example, time domain reflectometry could be utilized along with average resistance per unit length of an Ethernet cable to estimate Ethernet cable resistance.
  • the present disclosure is directed to cable resistance determination in high-power PoE Networks, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims.
  • FIG. 1 presents an exemplary flowchart illustrating a method for determining resistance of a powered cable, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2A presents an exemplary diagram of a system for determining a resistance of a powered cable, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2B presents an exemplary diagram of a system for determining a resistance of a powered cable, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 presents exemplary flowchart 100 illustrating a method for determining a resistance of a powered cable utilized by a power sourcing equipment (PSE) in a Power over Ethernet (PoE) network.
  • PSE power sourcing equipment
  • PoE Power over Ethernet
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B the disclosed inventive concepts are not intended to be limited by specific features of PoE network 200 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B .
  • various features may be shown as being included within a particular element, such features can be provided externally in a different implementation.
  • current modulation circuit 216 and/or power source 208 in FIGS. 2A and 2B can be provided external to PSE 202 .
  • flowchart 100 includes applying a first supply voltage across first and second conductive pairs of a powered Ethernet cable to cause a first current to flow through first and second output terminals of a PSE ( 170 in flowchart 100 ).
  • PoE network 200 includes PSE 202 for determining resistance R C of powered Ethernet cable 206 (or more generally “powered cable 206 ”).
  • PoE network 200 includes PSE 202 , powered device (PD) 204 , and powered Ethernet cable 206 .
  • PSE 202 includes power source 208 , switch 210 , switch controller 212 , variable resistance switch 214 , current modulation circuit 216 , and output terminals 218 a , 218 b , 218 c , and 218 d (also referred to collectively herein as “output terminals 218 ”).
  • Powered Ethernet cable 206 includes conductive pairs 220 , 222 , 224 , and 226 .
  • Powered Device 204 includes diodes bridges 228 and 230 and load 232 .
  • PSE 202 can be utilized in PoE network 200 to provide power, along with data, to PD 204 over powered Ethernet cable 206 .
  • PD 204 can be, for example, an IP telephone, a wireless LAN Access Point, and a Security network camera.
  • PSE 202 is connected to PD 204 through powered Ethernet cable 206 .
  • PSE 202 can allocate power to PD 204 and apply the power to PD 204 over powered Ethernet cable 206 .
  • powered Ethernet cable 206 includes four pairs of wires (i.e. conductive pairs 220 , 222 , 224 , and 226 ), with each pair of wires being a twisted pair that is utilized for differential signaling.
  • each of output terminals 218 utilize a respective transformer in PSE 202 to generate a differential signal, which is then combined by another transformer in PD 204 , in a manner known in the art.
  • any conductive pair can instead be a single wire or more than three wires.
  • differential signals may not be utilized in certain implementations.
  • 1st V supply is applied across conductive pairs 220 and 222 of powered Ethernet cable 206 to cause current I 1 to flow through output terminals 218 a and 218 b of PSE 202 .
  • FIG. 2A shows PSE 202 including 1st V supply to cause current I 1 to flow through output terminals 218 a and 218 b of PSE 202 .
  • PSE 202 and PD 204 are connected by powered Ethernet cable 206 .
  • Conductive pair 220 of powered Ethernet cable 206 is connected to output terminal 218 a at one end, and at the other end is received by PD 204 .
  • output terminal 218 a is coupled to a positive terminal of power source 208
  • conductive pair 220 is received by input 234 a of diode bridge 228 .
  • Load 232 is coupled to rectified positive rail 236 a of diode bridge 228 .
  • conductive pair 222 of powered Ethernet cable 206 is connected to output terminal 218 b at one end, and at the other end is received by PD 204 . Also shown in FIG.
  • output terminal 218 b is coupled to a negative terminal of power source 208 through switch 210 , and conductive pair 222 is received by input 234 b of diode bridge 228 .
  • Load 232 is further coupled to rectified negative rail 236 b of diode bridge 230 .
  • switch 210 can be utilized to form a current path to cause current I 1 to flow through output terminals 218 a and 218 b of PSE 202 .
  • switch controller 212 enables switch 210 allowing power source 208 to generate 1st V supply across output terminals 218 a and 218 b .
  • a current path is formed from power source 208 , through output terminal 218 a , conductive pair 220 , and diode bridge 228 , into load 232 , and back through diode bridge 228 , conductive pair 222 , and output terminal 218 b , to ground.
  • 1st Vsupply can be approximately 48 volts.
  • action 172 in flowchart 100 discloses applying a second supply voltage across third and fourth conductive pairs of the powered Ethernet cable to cause a second current to flow through first and second output terminals of the PSE.
  • 2nd V supply is applied across conductive pairs 224 and 226 of powered Ethernet cable 218 to cause current I 2 to flow through output terminals 218 c and 218 d of PSE 202 .
  • FIG. 2A shows PSE 202 including 2nd V supply to cause current I 2 to flow through output terminals 218 c and 218 d of PSE 202 .
  • conductive pair 224 of powered Ethernet cable 206 is connected to output terminal 218 c at one end, and at the other end is received by PD 204 .
  • output terminal 218 c is coupled to a positive terminal of power source 208
  • conductive pair 224 is received by input 238 a of diode bridge 230 .
  • Load 232 is coupled to rectified positive rail 240 a of diode bridge 230 .
  • conductive pair 226 of powered Ethernet cable 206 is connected to output terminal 218 d at one end, and at the other end is received by PD 204 . Also shown in FIG.
  • output terminal 218 d is coupled to a negative terminal of power source 208 through variable resistance switch 214 , and conductive pair 226 is received by input 234 a of diode bridge 230 .
  • Load 232 is further coupled to rectified negative rail 240 b of diode bridge 230 .
  • variable resistance switch 214 is utilized to form a current path to cause current I 2 to flow through output terminals 218 c and 218 d of PSE 202 .
  • current modulation circuit 216 enables variable resistance switch 214 allowing power source 208 to generate 2nd V supply .
  • a current path is formed from power source 208 , through output terminal 218 c , conductive pair 224 , and diode bridge 230 , into load 232 , and back through diode bridge 230 , conductive pair 226 , and output terminal 218 d , to ground.
  • 2nd Vsupply can be approximately 48 volts.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates PoE network 200 after performing actions 170 and 172 in flowchart 100 .
  • actions 170 and 172 are performed concurrently.
  • action 170 is performed prior to action 172 .
  • action 172 is performed prior to action 170 .
  • PSE 202 is applying 1st V supply and 2nd V supply to PD 204 over powered Ethernet cable 206 .
  • conductive pairs 220 , 222 , 224 , and 226 are each being utilized for applying power to PD 204 .
  • PoE network 200 supports high current and has low cable loss.
  • PSE 202 can determine power loss and budget power allocation to PD 204 accordingly.
  • Ethernet cable resistance is a large contributor to power loss.
  • current modulation circuit 216 can determine Ethernet cable resistance to determine power loss.
  • each wire of each conductive pair 220 , 222 , 224 , and 226 has resistance R C for simplicity. It is noted that actual resistance may vary, however, PoE standards may require no more than 3% resistance imbalance between respective conductive pairs.
  • resistance R C can be determined using equation 1 as:
  • I 1 (1 ⁇ k)*(I 1 +I 2 )
  • I 2 k*(I 1 +I 2 ) with k being an imbalance constant between currents I 1 and I 2 .
  • 1st V supply ⁇ 2nd V supply are typically equal to or almost equal to one another.
  • currents I 1 and I 2 are typically equal to or almost equal to one another.
  • k may be equal to or almost equal to 0.5.
  • equation 1 cannot be utilized to accurately determine resistance R C .
  • action 174 of flowchart 100 includes offsetting the second current from the first current to create an offset voltage between the second and the first supply voltages, while optionally forcing the voltage offset to remain below a pre-determined maximum value.
  • current I 2 is offset from current I 1 to create offset voltage V offset between 2nd V supply and 1st V supply to determine resistance R C .
  • variable resistance switch 214 includes at least one transistor whose Rdson is adjusted by current modulation circuit 216 .
  • FIG. 2B shows variable resistance switch 214 as a transistor that is connected between output terminal 218 d and ground.
  • Current modulation circuit 216 is coupled to gate G of variable resistance switch 214 and can adjust Rdson of variable resistance switch 214 by controlling potential applied to gate G.
  • Rdson of variable resistance switch 214 is decreased to offset current I 2 from current I 1 .
  • Rdson of variable resistance switch 214 is increased to offset current I 2 from current I 1 .
  • switch 210 is also a variable resistance switch, such that current modulation circuit 216 offsets current I 2 from current I 1 utilizing the variable resistance switch to adjust current I 1 .
  • current modulation circuit 216 is connected to switch 210 in place of switch controller 212 .
  • current modulation circuit 216 does not include variable resistance switch 214 .
  • the roles of switch 210 and variable resistance switch 214 in offsetting current I 2 from current I 1 may be reversed from what is shown.
  • variable resistance switch to offset current I 2 from current I 1
  • other means can be employed.
  • a current source is utilized in addition to or instead of a variable resistance switch to offset current I 2 from current I 1 .
  • current modulation circuit can calculate resistance R C , for example, utilizing measurements of offset voltage V offset , current I 1offset , and current I 2offset . As such, in some implementations, current modulation circuit 216 determines resistance R C of powered Ethernet cable 206 using offset voltage V 1offset , current I 1offest , and current I 2offset .
  • current modulation circuit 216 includes inputs 244 and 246 .
  • Input 244 is coupled to conductive pair 222 through output terminal 218 b of PSE 202 and input 244 is coupled to conductive pair 226 through output terminal 218 d of PSE 202 .
  • current modulation circuit 216 can utilize input 244 to measure current I 1offset , input 246 to measure current I 2offest , and inputs 244 and 246 to measure offset voltage V offset . It will be appreciated that inputs 244 and 246 are shown to demonstrate measurement capability of current modulation circuit 216 . As such, inputs 244 and 246 sink negligible current in the present implementation.
  • current modulation circuit 216 measures 1st V supply and 2nd V supply individually and calculates offset voltage V offset .
  • current I 1offset +current I 2offset is measured from a single wire.
  • at least one of 1st V supply , 2nd V supply , current I 1offset , and current I 2offset can be estimated, predetermined, and/or calculated in use of equation 1.
  • equation 1 is exemplary and other suitable equations can be utilized to calculate or otherwise determine resistance R C .
  • a larger offset voltage V offset can ensure a more accurate calculation of resistance R C .
  • current modulation circuit 216 is offsetting current I 2 from current I 1 to create offset voltage V offset between 2nd V supply and 1st V supply to determine resistance R C of powered Ethernet cable 206 , while forcing offset voltage V offset below maximum value V max , which is a pre-determined maximum value.
  • current modulation circuit 216 offsets current I 2 from current I 1 incrementally until maximum value V max is reached.
  • current modulation circuit 216 obtains a measurement corresponding to offset voltage V offset (or in other implementations a different measurement, such as at least one of 2nd V supply and 1st V supply ). Based on the measurement, current modulation circuit 216 can cease incrementally offsetting current I 2 from current I 1 , resulting in offset voltage V offset .
  • maximum value V max is approximately 0.5 volts. It will be appreciated that current modulation circuit 216 can utilize other factors in addition to, or instead of the measurement described above to determine when to cease offsetting current I 2 from current I 1 . For example, in some implementations, current modulation circuit 216 also forces current I 2offset to be above and/or below a pre-determined value.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates PoE network 200 after performing action 174 .
  • action 176 of flowchart 100 includes determining a resistance of the powered Ethernet cable using the offset voltage, the first current, and the second current.
  • current modulation circuit 216 determines resistance R C of powered Ethernet cable 206 using offset voltage V offset , current I 1 , and current I 2offset . To determine resistance R C of powered Ethernet cable 206 , current modulation circuit 216 calculates resistance R C based on equation 1. It will be appreciated that different equations be employed to calculate resistance R C . Resistance R C can then be utilized, for example, to determine power loss in PoE network 200 .
  • current modulation circuit 216 is offsetting current I 2 from current I 1 to create offset voltage V offset between 2nd V supply and 1st V supply to determine resistance R C of powered Ethernet cable 206 .
  • offset voltage V offset By measuring offset voltage V offset , current I 1offset , and current I 2offset , implementations of the present disclosure can utilize those measurements to accurately determine resistance R C .
  • PSE 202 is applying 1st V supply and 2nd V supply to PD 204 over powered Ethernet cable 206 .
  • implementations of the present disclosure advantageously allow for determining resistance R C while PD 204 is receiving high-power from PSE 202 .
  • resistance R C will vary with temperature of powered Ethernet cable 206 . Temperature of powered Ethernet cable 206 is typically significantly higher when applying power as opposed to when power is not being applied. This can result in resistance R C varying, for example, by as much as 50%.
  • current modulation circuit 216 can determine resistance R C while PSE 202 is applying power to PD 204 , resistance R C can be used to accurately determine power loss during operation of PoE network 200 . By accurately determining power loss, PSE 202 can exhibit high precision in budgeting power allocation amongst one or more PDs.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
US13/303,709 2011-11-23 2011-11-23 Cable resistance determination in high-power PoE networks Active 2033-03-05 US8823402B2 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/303,709 US8823402B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2011-11-23 Cable resistance determination in high-power PoE networks
EP13003644.5A EP2658170B1 (en) 2011-11-23 2012-08-14 Cable resistance determination in high-power PoE networks
EP12005869.8A EP2597813B1 (en) 2011-11-23 2012-08-14 Cable resistance determination in high-power poe networks
TW101132305A TWI487236B (zh) 2011-11-23 2012-09-05 用於確定帶電電纜的電阻的供電設備、方法及系統
KR1020120107821A KR101393294B1 (ko) 2011-11-23 2012-09-27 고-전력 ｐｏｅ 네트워크들의 케이블 저항을 결정하기 위한 전력 공급 설비 및 방법
CN201210366450.3A CN103138948B (zh) 2011-11-23 2012-09-27 高功率以太网供电网络的电缆电阻确定
HK13109947.0A HK1182851A1 (zh) 2011-11-23 2013-08-26 高功率以太網供電網絡的電纜電阻確定

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US13/303,709 US8823402B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2011-11-23 Cable resistance determination in high-power PoE networks

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EP (2) EP2597813B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR101393294B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN103138948B (zh)
HK (1) HK1182851A1 (zh)
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CN103138948A (zh) 2013-06-05
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TWI487236B (zh) 2015-06-01
US20130127481A1 (en) 2013-05-23
EP2658170A3 (en) 2014-01-01
EP2597813B1 (en) 2014-09-10
EP2597813A1 (en) 2013-05-29
KR101393294B1 (ko) 2014-05-12
CN103138948B (zh) 2016-03-23
HK1182851A1 (zh) 2013-12-06
EP2658170A2 (en) 2013-10-30

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