US8776925B2 - Motor vehicle - Google Patents

Motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
US8776925B2
US8776925B2 US13/365,379 US201213365379A US8776925B2 US 8776925 B2 US8776925 B2 US 8776925B2 US 201213365379 A US201213365379 A US 201213365379A US 8776925 B2 US8776925 B2 US 8776925B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
motor vehicle
maintenance
electrical energy
maintenance cover
rear axle
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US13/365,379
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US20120199406A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Bender
Guan Chew
Steffen Maurer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG filed Critical Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Assigned to DR. ING. H.C. F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment DR. ING. H.C. F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BENDER, STEFAN, CHEW, GUAN, MAURER, STEFFEN
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/20—Floors or bottom sub-units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle with an electrical drive machine that is supplied with electrical energy by an electrical energy storage device.
  • the motor vehicle also has an underbody region.
  • European patent application EP 1 550 574 A2 discloses a motor vehicle that has a fuel cell system box arranged on an underside of a floor of the motor vehicle.
  • German laid-open specification DE 44 12 450 A1 discloses an electric vehicle that has a fuel cell system in an underbody that is arranged so that drive assemblies can be installed from below or through the floor of the passenger compartment.
  • the floor of the passenger compartment or the underbody of the vehicle can have cutouts or maintenance flaps for installation or maintenance purposes.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the time required to maintain or install an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle that has an electrical drive machine, which is supplied with electrical energy by an electrical energy storage device, particularly where the motor vehicle has an underbody region.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle that has an electrical drive machine that is supplied with electrical energy by an electrical energy storage device.
  • the motor vehicle also has an underbody region and the electrical energy storage device is accessible for maintenance and/or installation work via a maintenance cover in the underbody region. Specific maintenance and/or installation work can be carried out on the electrical energy storage device without the electrical energy storage device having to be removed from the motor vehicle.
  • a maintenance cover is arranged in the region of the underbody of the motor vehicle and covers the electrical energy storage device at the bottom.
  • a maintenance opening in the underbody region preferably can be opened and closed repeatedly without the maintenance cover being destroyed.
  • the maintenance cover closes the maintenance opening during normal operation of the motor vehicle.
  • the maintenance cover can be opened or removed to open the maintenance opening in the underbody region for carrying out maintenance and/or installation work.
  • the electrical energy storage device preferably is arranged above the maintenance cover. Additionally, the electrical energy storage device preferably is attached to a supporting structure of the motor vehicle at a location so that at least part of the energy storage device is accessible through the maintenance opening from below.
  • the electrical energy storage device preferably is a traction battery or a high-voltage battery.
  • a traction battery which also is called a drive battery, is installed, as an energy supply means in vehicles that, at least partially, are driven electrically.
  • the electrical energy storage device preferably has a diagnosis interface which is accessible without opening or removing the maintenance cover. Contact can be made with the diagnosis interface at the electrical energy storage device to read, for example, a fault memory.
  • the maintenance cover may be a maintenance flap that is fit pivotally in the underbody region.
  • the pivotal flap further facilitates maintenance and/or installation work on the electrical energy storage device in the installed state.
  • the motor vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle.
  • the electrical drive machine may be the only drive machine of the motor vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle may be a plug-in electric vehicle that can be charged at a power outlet of an electrical supply system.
  • the motor vehicle also may be a hybrid vehicle.
  • a further drive machine such as an internal combustion engine, is provided in addition to the electrical drive machine.
  • the further drive machine can be used to drive the motor vehicle in addition to or instead of the electrical drive machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a bottom view of a rear area of a motor vehicle with a maintenance cover according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the bottom of the rear 1 of a motor vehicle 2 that preferably is a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the motor vehicle 2 comprises two drive wheels 3 , 4 that are driven by an electrical drive machine. Additionally, the motor vehicle 2 has an underbody surface 5 that may be formed by a sheet material.
  • the electrical drive machine is supplied with energy by an electrical energy storage device 6 .
  • the electrical energy storage device 6 is arranged in a receptacle 8 partially between the drive wheels 3 , 4 in a rear region of the motor vehicle 2 in front of the rear axle and is attached to a supporting structure of the motor vehicle 2 .
  • the underbody surface 5 includes a maintenance opening 9 that provides access to the receptacle 8 from below and hence the maintenance opening 9 provides access to the electrical energy storage device 6 in the receptacle 8 .
  • the maintenance opening 9 in the underbody surface 5 of the motor vehicle 2 can be closed by a maintenance cover 10 that preferably is hinged pivotally to the underbody surface 5 along a hinge line 11 .
  • a side of the maintenance cover 10 opposite the hinge line 11 includes selectively and repeatedly openable and closable locks 12 .
  • the maintenance cover 10 can be opened to carry out specific maintenance work on the electrical energy storage device 6 and closed securely upon completion of the work.
  • the electrical energy storage device 6 is a high-voltage battery and is equipped with a diagnosis interface 13 that is operatively associated with the electrical energy storage device 6 either by wires or wirelessly.
  • the diagnosis interface 13 at the electrical energy storage device 6 is accessible from below without having to open the maintenance cover 10 and wired or wireless connection can be made with the diagnosis interface 13 to read a fault memory of the electrical energy storage device 6 .
  • the effort required for maintenance can be reduced considerably.
  • maintenance can be performed more quickly than in conventional motor vehicles. Maintenance costs can be reduced as a result.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A motor vehicle has an electrical drive machine that is supplied with electrical energy by an electrical energy storage device, and has an underbody region or surface (5). The electrical energy storage device is accessible for maintenance and/or installation work via a maintenance cover (10) in the underbody surface (5) to reduce time required for maintenance and/or installation work.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority under 35 USC 119 to German Patent Appl. No. 10 2011 000 482.3 filed on Feb. 3, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a motor vehicle with an electrical drive machine that is supplied with electrical energy by an electrical energy storage device. The motor vehicle also has an underbody region.
2. Description of the Related Art
European patent application EP 1 550 574 A2 discloses a motor vehicle that has a fuel cell system box arranged on an underside of a floor of the motor vehicle. German laid-open specification DE 44 12 450 A1 discloses an electric vehicle that has a fuel cell system in an underbody that is arranged so that drive assemblies can be installed from below or through the floor of the passenger compartment. The floor of the passenger compartment or the underbody of the vehicle can have cutouts or maintenance flaps for installation or maintenance purposes.
The object of the invention is to reduce the time required to maintain or install an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle that has an electrical drive machine, which is supplied with electrical energy by an electrical energy storage device, particularly where the motor vehicle has an underbody region.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a motor vehicle that has an electrical drive machine that is supplied with electrical energy by an electrical energy storage device. The motor vehicle also has an underbody region and the electrical energy storage device is accessible for maintenance and/or installation work via a maintenance cover in the underbody region. Specific maintenance and/or installation work can be carried out on the electrical energy storage device without the electrical energy storage device having to be removed from the motor vehicle. More particularly, a maintenance cover is arranged in the region of the underbody of the motor vehicle and covers the electrical energy storage device at the bottom.
A maintenance opening in the underbody region preferably can be opened and closed repeatedly without the maintenance cover being destroyed. The maintenance cover closes the maintenance opening during normal operation of the motor vehicle. However, the maintenance cover can be opened or removed to open the maintenance opening in the underbody region for carrying out maintenance and/or installation work.
The electrical energy storage device preferably is arranged above the maintenance cover. Additionally, the electrical energy storage device preferably is attached to a supporting structure of the motor vehicle at a location so that at least part of the energy storage device is accessible through the maintenance opening from below.
The electrical energy storage device preferably is a traction battery or a high-voltage battery. A traction battery, which also is called a drive battery, is installed, as an energy supply means in vehicles that, at least partially, are driven electrically.
The electrical energy storage device preferably has a diagnosis interface which is accessible without opening or removing the maintenance cover. Contact can be made with the diagnosis interface at the electrical energy storage device to read, for example, a fault memory.
The maintenance cover may be a maintenance flap that is fit pivotally in the underbody region. The pivotal flap further facilitates maintenance and/or installation work on the electrical energy storage device in the installed state.
The motor vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle. Thus, the electrical drive machine may be the only drive machine of the motor vehicle. The electric vehicle may be a plug-in electric vehicle that can be charged at a power outlet of an electrical supply system.
The motor vehicle also may be a hybrid vehicle. In this case, a further drive machine, such as an internal combustion engine, is provided in addition to the electrical drive machine. The further drive machine can be used to drive the motor vehicle in addition to or instead of the electrical drive machine.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention are provided in the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the single drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a bottom view of a rear area of a motor vehicle with a maintenance cover according to the invention.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 illustrates the bottom of the rear 1 of a motor vehicle 2 that preferably is a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. The motor vehicle 2 comprises two drive wheels 3, 4 that are driven by an electrical drive machine. Additionally, the motor vehicle 2 has an underbody surface 5 that may be formed by a sheet material. The electrical drive machine is supplied with energy by an electrical energy storage device 6.
The electrical energy storage device 6 is arranged in a receptacle 8 partially between the drive wheels 3, 4 in a rear region of the motor vehicle 2 in front of the rear axle and is attached to a supporting structure of the motor vehicle 2. The underbody surface 5 includes a maintenance opening 9 that provides access to the receptacle 8 from below and hence the maintenance opening 9 provides access to the electrical energy storage device 6 in the receptacle 8.
The maintenance opening 9 in the underbody surface 5 of the motor vehicle 2 can be closed by a maintenance cover 10 that preferably is hinged pivotally to the underbody surface 5 along a hinge line 11. A side of the maintenance cover 10 opposite the hinge line 11 includes selectively and repeatedly openable and closable locks 12. Thus, the maintenance cover 10 can be opened to carry out specific maintenance work on the electrical energy storage device 6 and closed securely upon completion of the work.
The electrical energy storage device 6 is a high-voltage battery and is equipped with a diagnosis interface 13 that is operatively associated with the electrical energy storage device 6 either by wires or wirelessly. The diagnosis interface 13 at the electrical energy storage device 6 is accessible from below without having to open the maintenance cover 10 and wired or wireless connection can be made with the diagnosis interface 13 to read a fault memory of the electrical energy storage device 6. As a result, the effort required for maintenance can be reduced considerably. In addition, maintenance can be performed more quickly than in conventional motor vehicles. Maintenance costs can be reduced as a result.

Claims (8)

What is claimed is:
1. A motor vehicle driven at least partly by electrical energy, the motor vehicle comprising: a rear end; a rear axle in proximity to the rear end; two rear wheels driven by the rear axle; an underbody surface; a receptacle above the underbody surface, forward of the rear axle and at least partly between rear wheels of the motor vehicle; an electrical energy storage device attached to a supporting structure of the motor vehicle and disposed in the receptacle, the electrical energy storage device being operative for supplying the electrical energy for driving the motor vehicle; a maintenance opening in the underbody surface at the receptacle and being configured for accessing the electrical energy storage device in the receptacle for maintenance or installation work; and a maintenance cover pivotally attached to the underbody surface along a hinge line substantially adjacent the maintenance opening and at a side of the maintenance opening farthest from the rear axle and forward of the rear axle, the maintenance cover having a free end opposite the hinge line and disposed forward of the rear axle, the maintenance cover further having side edges extending from the hinge line to the free end, locks being disposed on the side edges of the maintenance cover substantially adjacent the free end and forward of the rear axle for locking the free end of the maintenance cover to the underbody surface, the maintenance cover being repeatedly movable between a closed position where the maintenance cover closes the maintenance opening and an open position where the free end of the maintenance cover is spaced from the maintenance opening for accessing the electrical energy storage device.
2. The motor vehicle of claim 1, wherein the electrical energy storage device is a traction battery or a high-voltage battery.
3. The motor vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a diagnosis interface operatively associated with the electrical energy storage device and disposed at the underbody surface for access without opening or removing the maintenance cover.
4. The motor vehicle of claim 1, motor vehicle is a pure electric vehicle.
5. The motor vehicle of claim 1, wherein the motor vehicle is a hybrid vehicle.
6. The motor vehicle of claim 1, wherein the hinge line is substantially parallel to the rear axle.
7. A hybrid or electric motor vehicle, comprising:
a rear axle;
rear wheels mounted on the rear axle;
an underbody surface;
a receptacle above the underbody surface and forward of the rear axle and at least partly between the rear wheels;
a traction battery attached to a supporting structure of the motor vehicle and disposed in the receptacle, the traction battery being operative for supplying electrical energy for driving the wheels of the motor vehicle;
a maintenance opening in the underbody surface at the receptacle and being configured for accessing the traction battery for maintenance while the traction battery is attached to the supporting structure of the motor vehicle and disposed in the receptacle;
a maintenance cover hingedly attached to the underbody surface along a hinge line substantially adjacent an end of the maintenance opening farthest forward of the rear axle, the maintenance cover having a free end opposite the hinge line and side edges extending between the hinge line and the free end, the maintenance cover being hingedly movable between a closed position where the maintenance cover closes the maintenance opening and an open position where the free end of the maintenance cover is spaced from at least a rear edge of the maintenance opening for accessing the traction battery, locks, on the side edges in proximity to the free end of the maintenance cover and forward of the rear axle for locking the free end of the maintenance cover to the underbody surface; and
a diagnosis interface at the underbody surface on the underbody surface of the vehicle in proximity to the maintenance opening and having a wired connection to the traction battery, the diagnosis interface being disposed for access without opening the maintenance cover.
8. The motor vehicle of claim 7, wherein the traction battery has a fault memory and the diagnosis interface is operative for reading the fault memory.
US13/365,379 2011-02-03 2012-02-03 Motor vehicle Active US8776925B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011000482.3 2011-02-03
DE102011000482 2011-02-03
DE102011000482.3A DE102011000482B4 (en) 2011-02-03 2011-02-03 motor vehicle

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US20120199406A1 US20120199406A1 (en) 2012-08-09
US8776925B2 true US8776925B2 (en) 2014-07-15

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CN (1) CN102627066B (en)
DE (1) DE102011000482B4 (en)
FR (1) FR2971205B1 (en)

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JP6041037B2 (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-12-07 三菱自動車工業株式会社 undercover
IT201800007254A1 (en) * 2018-07-17 2020-01-17 ELECTRIC AXLE FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE AND A MOTOR VEHICLE INCLUDING SAID ELECTRIC AXLE
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140231162A1 (en) * 2011-09-20 2014-08-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicular battery mounting structure
US9242540B2 (en) * 2011-09-20 2016-01-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicular battery mounting structure
US11021055B2 (en) * 2018-07-17 2021-06-01 Ferrari S.P.A. Motor vehicle including an electric axle

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US20120199406A1 (en) 2012-08-09
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DE102011000482A1 (en) 2012-08-09
FR2971205B1 (en) 2016-11-25
FR2971205A1 (en) 2012-08-10

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