US871365A - Magnetic separator. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED NOV. 19, 1907. A. SCHWARZ.

MAGNETIC SEPA-RATOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1, 1906.

2. SHEETS-SHEBT 1.

M ,W T N m. 0mm V A m 4 m Y PATENTBD NOV. 19, 1907.

' A. SGHWARZ.

MAGNETIC SEPARATOR.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB.1, 1906.

2 sHEE S--SHEII.T 2

4- ATTRNEY UNXTED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

ALFRED SGHWARZ, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MAGNETIC SEPARATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 19, 1907.

Application filed February 1,1906. Serial No. 298

Toall whom it may concern. Be it known that l, ALFRED Sonwnnz, a sub1ect .oi the Emperor of Germany, and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, I

county. and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMagnetic Separators, of which the following is aspecification.

The present invention relates to magnetic separators and'is designed to effect a more thorough;separation of the magnetic from the non-magnetic particles of the material arranged above and having their polar faces in close proximity to the up or side oi said board; These magnets are isposed in rows preferably running obliquely of the raffleoard and parallel with the riffies thereon.

- By means of a suitable commutator the rows *of magnets are successively energized and xdenergrzed so as to develop magnetic helds -of force along successive sections of said board. .By this arrangement the non-mag pctic particles will be caused to travel along the riflles and the magnetic particles will be carried in a direction substantially transverse thereto. To assist the action of the separat- "ing magnets I provide a bank of electromag- -nets arranged in rows with their polar faces I so;

in close proximity to the under side of the riflle-board and extending below' substantially the cente'rof the rilfies. The rows of magnets of the upper and lower banks are staggered relatively to each other and are so connected to the comn'iutator that a row of magnets of the lower bank will be energized between the periods of magnetization of contiguous rows of the upper hank.

:Thc relative arrangementof the several parts and the functions performed by each will be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figural is a top view of my improved separator; Fig. 2 a vertical section on the plane "of the line 2 2 of Fig- 1'; 'Fig. 3 a diagrammatie viewof the commutator and the circuit'connections; and 4 a side view of one, of the "electromagnets.

.Siinilarreference numerals indicate :iillll a i arts in the several views.

eferring'to the drawings :the numeral 1 designates a table which is mounted on rocking supports 2 and reciprocateu an suitj able means, preferably in a horizontal direc- I tron by an eccentric or crank 3; Secured to bed thereof is a board 4 the upper side of which is divided into any convenient nun1- her of riffles, four such being shown for the purpose of illustration designated respectively 5, 6, 7, and 8. ably run parallel with each other and may be i easily formed by attaching slats 9 to the bed of the board or by grooving the upper side thereof, It will be noted that the'ril'lles run I diagonally of the board and of the table 1, it

being the function of the'uppcr bank of magnets to transport the magnetic particles across the board at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the rifi'les, and of the latter to provide a means of escape for the nonmagnetic particles, as will be more fully eX- plained herez'tfter.

The magnetic separation is eilectedby a bank of clectronmgncts mounted uponv a The said frame comprises a series of parallel slats 12 to which the magnets are attached. It may be here stated that any suitable form of electromagnct may be employed but I pretire magnetic fie d. This bank of separating magnets is divided. into rows rni'nung parallel with the riilles, their polar faces extending to within a short distance above the board.

four rows designated respectively 13, 14, 15, and 16, each row comprising four magnets. The rows of the upper bank are so disposed that the magnets are above and a little to one the rifllc-hoard 4, the magnets 16,,constituting the last row, being so placed that when they are dcncrgizod the magnetic particles previously raised thc'rchv will be deposited the rifHc-board and along which they will be carried gradually b the jogging motion of the table to a suitable bin. Secured to the bed of table 1 is a second bank of electroshown ilcsignated respectively 17, 18 and 19, each comprising four magnets. 'lhcsc are so disposed that their polar faces are inclosc proxin'iitv to the under side of the iiillcl i l i l the rilflcs 6, 7 and 8 respectively. The functionof-the lower bank of magnets is to draw the table 1 at a suitable distance above the 60 These riflles preier- 65 frame ll secured to the reciprocating table 1.

for one of U shape in order to utilize the on- F or the purpose of illustration I have shown side of the center line of the slats or ribs i) of in a trough 10 secured below an opcning in magnets also divided into rows, three bring hoard substantially under the center line. of

the magnetic particles which are released nets of the upper bank. The magnets of the lower bank are preferably weaker than those of the upper bank.

The magnets of contiguous rows of the upper bank may be so arranged that poles of Ike or opposite polarity face each other. The same condition may obtain in the rows of magnets of the lower bank. Similarly the magnets of the upper and lower banks relative to each other may be so disposed that apole of the former is above one of like or opposite polarity. Whatever the magnetic disposition may be I prefer to advance the rows of both banks of magnets .in the longitudinal direction of'the riflle-board in the manner shown so that the magnetic fields as they are successively developed may be effective over the mass of material as it is thrown forward by the'jogging movement of the table. The magnets of both banks are controlled by a commutator 20, the circuits belng shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3. Thls commutator is mounted on a shaft and rotated by any suitable means at a speed adapted to the effective operation of the separator. It is divided into sections by suitable insulation, the sections corresponding to the total number of rows of magnets in both banks, these sections being designated respectively in the order of rotation 13, 17, 14', 1s, 15, 1e and 16. A stationary brush, 21 in contact with the face of the commutator is connected to one terminal of the source of current. The feed line 22, connected to the other terminal, has branches leading therefrom to the several rows of magnets as shown. The rows of magnets above described are separately grouped in series, each row being connected to a corresponding commutator section, that is magnets 13 to section 13, magnets 17 to section 17 and so on, it resulting therefrom that during a single rotation of the commutator the rows of magnets will be energized in the following order, 13, 17, 14, 18, .15, 19; 16. That is, the magnets are energized in rows alternately above and below the riflle board, only one row being energized at a time. i

The method of operation of the above dcscribed separator is as follows: The material to be treated is iirst ground to any desired mesh and fed to the rii'lie-board through a chute or hop'per 23 so that it will fall iri proximity to the polar faces of the magnets 13 of the upper bankFiH/Vhen said magnets are energized the magnetic particles will be attracted and remain attached to the poles l of all magnetic As soon as magnets 13 are denergizedby the section 13 of the commutator passlng from under the brush 21 the attracted particles will be released and at the moment of de-magnetiz'ation of said magnets the magnets 17 will be energized by reason of the contact of section 17"of the commutator with brush 2 1. Under the combined attractive force of ma nets 17 and the jogging motion of the table the particles released from magnets 13 will be deposited in riffle 6. From t e latter the magnetic particles will be lifted out when magnets 14 are energized by the contact of section 14 of the commutator with brush 21 and deposited in rifiie 7 under the attractive force of magnets 18 and the jogging motion of the table when theformer magnets are denergized and the latter energized in the course of the rotation of the commutator. The above described operations are repeated by magnets 15 and 19 as they are successively energized and deenergized. From the last netic particles will be raised by magnets 16, and when the latter. are denergized the released particles will fall into a trough or chute 10 secured to the rifllcboard below an opening therein. The movement of the ritile 8 the magtable will cause the magnetic particles to gradually move toward the outlet of said chute to be deposited in a suitable bin. The speed of rotation of the commutator and the intensity of the magnetic fields developed in the rows of magnets progressively across the riflie-board may be varied according to the character of the material treated and the.

thoroughness of the separation desired. In practice these conditions have been so adjusted that the magnetic particles are swept across the upper side of the board in rapidly succeeding wave-like formations. The interval of time elapsing between the magnetization of successive rows of the upper bank with the intervening fields of force developed alt(. rnatelytherewith in the rows of the lower bank is of such short duration that'a given mass of magnetic particles separated by the magnets 13 barely touches the riflies as it is swept onward by the fields successively developed in 1nagnets13, 14, 15 and 16.

'lhe reciprocations, of the; r'ifile-board as the material is fed to it tend to throw the latter in the longitudinal direction -of said board. I

particles being carried along the riffleoard This results "in the non-ma netic in the direction of its length, a large percentage of such particles being set ree at the. first separation by the magnets 13 and they will be gradually carried by the jogging motion of the table along the riflle-board outside of but within the fields of said magnets so that when a given mass has been carried along the board it will be practically freed particles. More or less non-.

thereof during their period of magnetization. l magnetic particys will be carried over me.-

chanically in the masses, separated by the i magnets 13 but as such masses are turned .over and over during their progress across 5 of nonqnagnetic particles is carried so far as the rifile- 7. Qurmg the sweep ol the magnetic art cles between the magnets 13,

,14,,15,an 16 the lower magnets l7, l8 and i 19 tend to hold said particles from being.

thrown forward by the jogging movement ol site obli ue direction across said board.

- effected by the upper bank of magnets.

ters Patent is:

thereon, electromagnets above and having besimilarlto that above described. By prothe tableso that such motion primarily acts to release the non-magnetic particles and to facilitate their travel toward the outlets of theriflies;

The angle at which the riflles map-be disposed may' be varied, an. angle of 30 to the center line of the ritfie-board having been found in practice to give ood results. The longitudinal disposition o? the magnets will be at the same angle, but, as will be noted, the successive fields of force draw thc magnetic particlesin a direction substantially transversely to that of the riflies, so that the described separation is effected by causing the non-magnetic particles to travel in a direction obliquely to the rifiie-board and the magnetic partic s to be carried in an oppo' The ta le 1 may be of suflicient size to accommodate several separators eachcomprrsmg the parts above described. in the pres board but I have not deemed it necessary to 3 illustrate the same as their operation would viding a" table with several independent separators dilierent materials could be operated upon "at the same time. This, however, will depend upon the size of the table and certain commercial considerations including cost among other thin s.

It will be noted that the separation ol the magnetic from the non-magnetic particles is "lhe lower bank of magnets is not absolutely 'essential to the successful operation of the separator and may be omitted.

What I claim and desire to secure b3 Let- In a magnetic separator the combina tion ofa table having a ritlie board supported their polar faces in proximity to said board,

trolling said magnets said magnets being disposed in independent rows, means to l'eed. the material to be separated in proximit to the first row of magnets, means to energize and denergizc said rows ol magnets successiwly to separate a given mass of magnetic particles from the non-magnetic and to transportthe former across the table byaltcrnatel attracting and releasing the same so as to fall within the lields ol successive rows of magnets, rows of 7 elect ronmgnets below and having their polar laces in proximity to the under side of said lroard, and means to energize and dciincrgize said magnets alternatel} above and below the rillle board.

2. in a magnetic separator the combination of a table having a rilllc board supported thereon, electrmnagnets above and having their polar faces in proximity to the upper side of said board, elcctromagnets below and having their polar faces in proximitv to the under side of said. board, said magnets being disposed in rows so that a lower row is in a vertical plane between the vertical planes of contiguous rows 01 upper magnets, and means to energize and dc'energize said magnets altcrnatct, above and below said board.

in a magnetic separator the combination of a board on which the described separation is cll'ected, electron'iagncts above and having their polar laces in proximity to the upper side of said board, olectromagncts below and having their polar faces in proximity to the under side of said board, said magnets being disposed in rows and those of the lower bank being weaker than those of the upper bank.

4. in a magntiec separator the combination of a l a'ble having a rillle board supported thereon, electroniagncts above and having 10. their polar laces in proximity to the upper side of said board, electromagnets below and: having their polar faces in proximity to the under side of said board, said magnets being disposed in rows, and a commutator con- 110 in such manner as to develop magnetic fields of force in successive rows of the upper magnets alternately with those of the lower magnets.

5. "in a magnetic separator the combina- 115 tion of a table having a riiile board sup orted thereon, electromagnets above and iaving their polar faces in proximity to the upper side ol said board, eleetromagnets below and having their polar faces in proximity to the 120 under side of said board, said magnets being disposed in rows, a commutator divided. into sections corres )onding to the number of rows of magnets in )0th banks, a controlling circult for each row of magnets connected to a tion of a table, a riffle board supported on In witness whereof I have signed my name. said table, magnets also su ported on' said to this specification in the presenee of two 10 table, said magnets being isposed in rows subscribing witnesses.

in staggered relation above and below the board, means for energizing and denergiz- ALFRED SCHWARZ' ing said rows of magnets alternately above Witnesses:

and. below said board, and means for reeipro- OLIN A. FOSTER, v

eating said table. M. E. .MCNINCH.'

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