US87082A - Improvement in folding-card globes - Google Patents

Description

ite-xl gutter aw-essa mi n @anni @fitta DENNIS TOWNSEND, OF FIDDLETVVN, CALIFORNIA.

Letters Patent No. 87,082, dated February 16, 1869.`

IMPROVEMENT IN FOLDING-CARD GLOBES.

The Schedule referred to in thesevLetbrs Patent and making part of the same.

of paper, on which are marked, drawn, or printed, geographical or uranographical representations; the lunes of paper, or other suitable flexible material, being cemented to the unyielding material of the spheres.

Globes so made are .bulkyfor storage and transportation, and are fragile and expensive, for which reasons they are used to but comparatively small extent, and geography and uranography are, therefore, often taught from maps, requiring much eti'ort on the part of teachers and scholars, to impart and to receive correct ideas.

It is universally admitted that geography'and uranography should be taught beginners through the medium oi globes, making use of maps to obtain a knowl-- edge of details 'after the students have become well grounded in general principles.

But owing to the bulk and high cost of globes, the

majority of schools are unprovided with them; and the prime objectof my invention is to produce globes which will answer the practical requirements of school-teachers, at a price which every school-district can afford, and which will also be within the means of most families, and even of each scholar.

In my invention, I make, of one piece of ilexible maf terial, such as paper, cloth, leather, parchment, rubber cloth, 8vo., the. covering of a hemisphere, as represented in iig. 1 of the drawings, the sheet being cut, by means of suitable dies or otherwise, into a series of half lunes j or quadrantal triangles, united at or near their common apex, which forms one pole of the globe to be made, the bases of the assemblage of the quadrantal triangies being made fin thep'eriphery of a circle struck from the pole, 0r in the periphery of a polygon inscribed in such a circle, the number of sides ofthe polygon corresponding to the number of half lunes or quadrantal triangles, which, when properly manipulated, make up the superces of one hemisphere ofthe globe to be made by the joining of two such hemispheres.

The angles of the quadrantal triangles are marked a, b, and c, a. being the pole or common apex of all the lunes.

The joining of the two assemblages of quadrantal triangles, is made as follows: l

The base of each half lune of one ofthe assemblages, is bent and creased, as represented at the detail A, and the base ofeach of the other half lunes in a corresponding assemblage, is bent and creased, as seen at the detail B; and then, by the use of cement, the parts'are permanently interlocked, in a perfectly obvious manner, by inserting thev part d into the space at e, and pressing the parts together.

To prevent the displacement of the quadrantal triangles, each, forming oneof an assemblage, is united .to its adjoining fellows by ligatures, seen at f, the liga tures being creased', so that when the poles ofthe hemispherical coverings are drawn apart, so as to bring into contact the curvilinear boundaries of the haltl lunes, the ligatures shall bend and fold, as seen at detail O, the

fold being made within the globe; the detail U being aA section 'taken on the line z z of Figure 1.

At the poles, the material forming the globe may be reinforced with cloth, or other suitable substance, so that any suitable devices may be inserted for the extension ofthe superiices to form a globe; and for the purpose of turning the globemn its axis, the said devices may be made'as swivels, seen at g, in Figures 2 and 3.

The entire superces of each half hemisphere being made of one piece, may be printed from engraved or stereotype-plates `or Wood-cuts, or by lithography, or otherwise, or the surface may be left blank, for-the student to drawupon, or'mark out geographical or uranographical representations.

. When desirable, especially for large globes, the material which is printed, or which is to be marked upon, may be reinforced by a'layer or layersoi other suitable material arranged to come within the globe.

, A globe, made as described,will not be perfectly spherical, but willbe made up of as many flat faces as there are lunes in its composition, unless, indeed, each lune is formed by pressing or otherwise into a suitable 'convex surface, which may easily be done. But for all practical purposes, the polygonal sphere answers as well as a perfect sphere, and the number of lunes maybe' as desired. v

The parts may be made to assume the gobular form, by attatching the north pole to any suitable fixture, and by hanging a weight to the south pole, as seen in iig. 3, or the parts may be elevated from a fixed point,

as, for example, the cover of an atlas, and madeto assume a globular form by the use of a iat spring, bent as seen in iig. 2, the spring being marked It therein, and being bifurcated at each end, so as to straddle the fixtures applied to the poles; the biilrcation ofthe end of the, spring at the south pole being sufficient in.

amount to allow the adjustment of the globe, to illustrate the inclination of the axis ofthe earth.

Any atlas, or other largeschol-book cover, may have provision at about its centre for the attachment of the south pole of the globe, and loops may be provided for securing diagonally on the cover the extendingspring, and elastic strips or tapes may be arranged in connection with the cover, to retain the atteneth'glbbe in, lace.

f en desirable, apiece of card-board, separatebom,

but arranged to be secured within the covers of an atlas or school-book, may be used for the purposes jus described as served by a bookcover.'

1. A flexible, expansible, and compressible geographical or uranograpbical globe, when made of aseries of quadrantal triangles, snbstantiz'illy as described.

2. Also, a coating or covering for tbc superces of a collapsible bemispl1e1'e,wl1en figured and made of one piece in quadrantal triangles, joined at or near a coininon apex, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. Also, combining the two halves of the superces of a globe on an equatorial line, by means of a joint be'- twee'n each pair of quadrantal triangles, substantially

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