US866025A - Method of forging car-wheels. - Google Patents

Description

Hm, 866.025. v PATENTEDSEPT.17 ,1907.

J. M. HANSEN.

METHOD OF PORGING GAR WHEELS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 19. 1906.

v FIG. 2 I

.333) INVENTOR No. 866,025. PATENTED SEPT. 17,1907.

', J. M. HANSEN.

METHOD OF FORGING GAR WHEELS.

APPLIGATIONIILED MAY 19. 1906.

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UNITED A S PATE T OEEI JOHN M. HANSEN, or rrrrsnuse, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR 'ro FORGED STEEL WHEEL COMPANY, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

METHOD OF FORGING OAR-WHEELS. L

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 17', 1907.

Application filed Ma 19,1906. Serial No. 317,738-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN M. Human, a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Methods of Forging Car-Wheels; and I. do

forth the general method of manufacturing said carheat and is forged into a bowl-shaped blank, and the hub portion is pierced to force the metal thereof down wardly or in the opposite direction to the bowl, so spreading the metal and developing a rudimentary hub and this rudimentary hub is then upset to produce the thickened ccntrzl or hub portion of the finished wheel, developing it on both sides of .the web. For this purpose I prefer to employ a square or other poly gonal blank and after the first forging stroke which turns the blank into bowl-form, and so turns the outer edge thereof upwardly, and while the blank is so confined within the dies "1 compress the edge portion thereof, so causing the metal of the angular projecting of the annular upper portion of the blank to develop the rim or tread and flange thereof, thereby saving the labor of bringing the blank to circular form before such forging operation, and effecting a large saving in metal.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the preferred way of practicing my invention, showing in Figure '1 diagrammatically a plan for producing the square slabs ready for the forging operation; Fig. 2 shows the furnace forhcating said slabs; Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the dies suitable for the practice of the invention illustrating the position of the parts bcfgre the pressing operation; Fig. 4 is a detail planview showing the square slab in position upon the lower or anvil die; Fig. 6 is a vertical section partly in full lines illustrating the position of the parts and condition of the blank after the descent of the main orplunger die; Fig. 6 is a section illustrating the position of the parts after the descent of the upper annular die to forge the upper edge of the blank and the upward movement of the lower annular die to forge the hub portion thereof; Fig. 7 is a similar view showing the final position of the dies; Fig. 8 is a sectional perspective View of the blank as completed in the dies of Fig. 7, showing also in dotted lines the effect of the die-forging of theupp'er edge thereof to spread the angular portions of the metal thereof; Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate the subsequent forging of the blank produced in said dies to produce the tread of the finished wheel; Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate the dies for completing the wheel; and'Fig. 13 shows the operation on a circular blank.

My method may be carried out by various forms of apparatus, but preferably all the operations are performed by die pressing. The preliminary wrought metal blank may be formed in any suitable way, but

preferably by rolling, as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1 in which-the slab 1 is produced by the rolls 2 and is then cutby shears 3 into square slabs or blooms 4. I prefer to start with such'square blanks as they can be conveniently and inexpensively cut from a longer slab' without the production of waste. This blank will then be raised to proper forging heat in any suitable form of furnace, such as shown at 5, and is subjected to three forging operations in presses to produce the finished wheel, the second and third operati ns being practically the same as set forth in said application Serial No. 317,733. The first set of dies shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, (Sand 7, not only reduce the blank to circular form but give the same a'preliminary shape and prepare it for further operations. These dies comprise a suitable bottom or female die 9 having therein a circular cavity 10 of considerable depth and ,1

whose side walls at their upper portions, as at 11, aresub stantially vertical. This die-is provided with a large central Opening 13 through which works a preliminary hub compressing follower die 13 mounted on a suitable ram 14 actuated by a hydraulic cylinder or other forcing mechanism. This hub pressing die is provided with a central opening or cavity 15.

Cooperating with the die 9 is a top or male die 16 having a circular working portion 1-7 of less diameter than the cavity in the bed die, thus leaving a rim space 18 between the same when depressed and the side, 10(

walls of the cavity of the bed die. This top die is pro- When a square or irregularly shaped blank 22 is em ployed, as indicatedin dotted lines in Fig. 4, the top iug the hub, above set forth may be practiced sepa die is cylindrical and is surrounded by an annular rim t ly ith any itable Steps for f rming the remain- -forming die 23 which is actuated by separate forcing mechanism and is arranged to pass down into the rim cavity 18 with a close fit. The bed die may be provided with suitable stepped portions 25 for centering the blank thereon.

- The operation of forging the blank by the method here involved is as follows: The heated blank is placed on the bottom die, as shown in Fig. 3. The top die 17 isthen depressed, its circular working portion 20 pressing the blank down into the cavity 10 of the bottom die and turning the edge portions of the blank upwardly into the rim space 18, so forming the bowlshaped blank, as shown in Fig. 5. At the same-time the mandrel 21 pierces the blank centrally and forces the metal around the opening thus formed downwardly,

' spreading it and forming a long rudimentary hub portion, as also shown in Fig. 5. Under the operation of these dies the web portion43 of the blank may be either pressed to substantially finished thickness, or partially redu'Eed, the latter being illustrated, the reduction being completed in the dies of Figs. Band 10. The metal displaced is forced inwardly into the hub cavity, aiding in developing the hub. The mandrel 21 in its downward stroke aids in drawing this surplus metal into the hub cavity. Either the hub compressing die 13 or the rim forming die 23 may then be advanced, or they may be operated simultaneously. For eXample-the annular hub compressing die l3 is then elevated, as shown in Fig. 7, crowding the rudimentary hub .portion upwardly, upsetting the same and forcing it into the hub cavity 19 of the top die thus centering the hub with reference to the web portion of the blank. If a circular blank is employed the foregoing completes the operation of the dies, but if a square or irregularly shaped blank 22 is used, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4, the annular rim forming die 23 is then depressed, as shown in Fig. 7, said follower pressing upon the irregular edge of the upturned periphery portion of the blank and as said edge portion is held against side fiow the metal of the higher portions,-namely, the angles or corners 22* of the blank, is forced to flow peripherally and fill up the depressions 22", thus producing a practically straight upper edge on the blank and obtaining the same effect as though a circular blank had originally been used, as illustrated in Fig. 8.

1 The vertical portions 11 of the walls of the cavity in the bed die are sufficiently high to project slightly above the highest portion of thlargest blank to be worked in said dies. The result of the operation of these dies is the production, either from a circular or a polygonal slab, of a bowl-shaped wheel blank having a thin web portion 43, a pierced axle eye 44, and a rudimentary hub 45 extending in the opposite'direction to the tread portion 46 and centered with reference to the web portion, the upturned tread portion 46 having a level top edge and having its metal evenly distributed throughout proper for the formation of the tread by a subsequent upsetting operation. This die-forging involves a minimum operating and labor cost, and produccs the wheel blank without the loss of scrap or any waste whatsoever, either at the peripheral portion of the blank orin the formation oi the axle eye. It is evident that the methods of forming the tread, or of formder of the blank, such for example as that set forth in said application Serial No. 317,733. The blank is then preferably reheated and taken to the second set of dies, shown in Figs. 9 and 10. This set of (lies comprises a bottom die 26 and a top die 27 actuated by any suitable forcing mechanism. The bottom die is provided centrally' with an opening 28 through which projects a mandrel 29 actuated by independent forcing mechanism, and which is adapted to be projected through the axle eye in the blank and serves both to preserve the eye and also as an anvil against which thelmb portion of the blank is compressed and forged. Said botv tom die is also provided with the hub cavity 31 and a curved web forming portion 32 and the flange cavity 33.. The top die is provided with a central opening 34 for receiving the upper end of the mandrel 29. Said die also has a hub cavity 35 and an annular web forming portion 36 and is provided with a comparatively deep annular rim cavity 37 which, as shown, is rounded and somewhat acute at its upper end. The heated blank is placed between these dies and compressed thereby, the mandrel. 29 having first been projected through the axle eye. The result is that all portions of the blank are thoroughly compressed. Especially is the hub portion upset and pressed tightly against the mandrel thus forging the metal considerably and increasing the strength thereof. In the dies of Figs. 3 to 7 the web portion has been only partially reduced, and in this second forging step it is further reduced to finished thickness, and the surplus metal forced into the hub cavity. The upturned edge portion of the blank is upset inthe cavity 37 and a portion is crowded down into the flange cavity 33, as described in said application Serial No. 317,733. This portion of the blankespecially receives a large amount of work and the action is purely one of compressing so that the resultant tread portion of the blank is made very dense, its strength greatly increased, and all flaws, if any, eliminated. The blank is then taken to the finishing set of dies, shown in Figs. 11 and 12, andat a low heat is finished as described in said application Serial No. 317,733, the hub and tread being brought to proper relative position, and the web given the desired reverse curve, and the hub further compacted and brought to finished shape.

The Wheel resulting from the process described is very dense and strong and especially at the rim and hub portions where the greatest strength is required. Said wheel can be very economically manufactured, botli as to cost of material and labor and operating expenses. The blank itself is a simple square one which can be produced without scrap, and in the subsequent operations substantially no scrap is produced. In the production of a Wheel blank from a square or likepolygonal blank, as the metal of the projections of such blank is compressed and caused toflow laterally to fill the depressions thereof, a square blank-narrower in its narrowest part at right angles to the side faces can be employed than if a circular blank were employed and at the same time the rim forming portion of the blank is worked and compacted so aiding in obtaining a dense, hard rim or tread on the finished wheel. There are only three die forging operations necessary and these can be carried out very expeditiously and at a mini- -ig um operating and lahor cost. Furthermore only two beatings of the blank from beginning to end are neces- What I claim is:

1. The improvement in the art of forming forged steel car and like wheels, consisting in piercing a blank to forma rudimentary hub extending on one side of the blank and while confining the blank within the forging dies producing said result, upsetting said rudimentary hub while supported one central mandrel to develop the hub on both sides of the blank.

2. The improvement in the art of forming forged steel car wheels from a polygonal blank, consisting in so die-' forging "the polygonal blank as to turn its edge upwardly, and then compressing said edge portion toward the plane of the blank while confining the same agalnst side flow to edge.

car wheels from' apolygonal blank, consisting in producing:

compressing the edge portion toward the plane of "the blank while confining the same against side fiow'to elimihate the angles thereot and force the metal into 'the depressed portions and produe a substantially even top edge.

, 4. The improvement in the art'ot forrning forged wheel 7 blanks from a polygonal blank, consisting in so die-forging a polygonal blank as to turn its edge upwardly, and while so confining the blank compressing ltsedge portion toward the plane of the blank to eliminate the angles and form an even top edge.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto setrny hand.

p JOHN M. HAnsnii.

- Witnesses:

' .F. W. Win'rnn,

ROBERT C. Terran.

'llie improvement-in the art of forrningu forge ql'ls tael' 25 v the said ,dorrn M. Hansen have v v

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