US864844A - Hydrocarbon-engine. - Google Patents

Description

EDMUND Bonson, or T'EMPLETON, MASSACHUSETTS.

HYDROGARBON-ENGNE.

. Specification of Let-ters Tatent.

Patented sept. s, 1907.

'Application nea July'zaisoi. sesamo. 218,565.

To all whom it magfvconcem:

Be it known that I, EDMUND H-UnsoN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Templeton, in 'the county ofWorcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and `useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Engines, of which the following is a speci fica'tion.

The-inventionrelates to engines of the hydrocarbon type commonly called gas engines and more particularly to the particular classbf this sort in'which a liquid hydrocarbon is injected into an air current to formthe proper explosive mixture which when, ignited will drive the piston ofthe engine.V v

The device hereinafter described is particularly well adapted for the use of the heavier oils, as, for instance, kerosene.

The objects of my invention are to simplify as far as possible a hydrocarbon motor by discarding present methods of carbureting and to produce a two cycle motor in which it is possible touse 'kerosene or other of the heavy and safe forms of petroleum.

vA still further object is tp provide a means oi posi-` tively injectingv the `liquid rfuel into the explosion chamber of the motor at predetermined intervals.

It is also an'object to control with absolute precision the injection of said fluid and the quantity used for each charge oi explosive mixture. l Y u A Suu furtherfdbject is te so inject and ymm1 a liquid fuel as to absolutely preclude explosions inthe crank case of a'motor of the two cycle type', where the air is used and the explosive mixture compressed in the crank case.

It is well known that iniL motors of the two lcycle type explosions often occur in the crank case ofthe motorfas -a result' .oi the sudden throttling of the motor, which permits the burning which is under compression -in the cylinder to finda'vent throughJthe intake passage when it i funcovered bythe piston, and itis one `of the objects. of the present invention to absolutely prevent back firing of 'the charges to the crank case.

An important featureand object of the invention is an arrangement by which a constant head lor pressure of liquid fuel is maintained at the injection nozzle,

and its flow to the combustion chamberautomatically Controlled.

Referring to the drawingsf-Figure 1 is a .view in elevation showing the main partsoi the motor and with parts broken aw'ay to show construction. Fig. 2 is a f view similar to that in Fig. 1 looking from the right'of said Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail horizontal sectional view through the injecting apparatus and'appurtenant parts. Fig. 4 is a detail view of the controlling mechanism for the nozzle.

Referring to the drawings the numeral 1 denotes the cylinder of an engine provided with a suitable crank case 2, crank shaft 3 and y'wheel 4. Within the ein gine cylinder, as is usual, there is mounted a reciprocating piston 5 cnriected with the crank shaft 3 with suitable connection rod 6. The engine herein shown is of the type known as the two cycle motor, and its cylinder isprovided with suitable inlet and exhaust ports as indicated respectively at 7 and 8;

Whenthe piston is at the upper uncovers anair port 9 and upon its downward movement it of course compresses the air in the crank case limit of its play it l 2 and forcibly drives it through a passage 10 as soon as 4 the inlet port 7 is uncovered bythe downward movement of the piston 5. This piston has the usual deector 11 upon itshead, so arranged as to deflect the [currents Aof explosive mixtureA as they impinge against it-and thus prevent their escape through the exhaust port 8. y

' The several parts above: described have not been shown in detail, as they are well-known features of all motors of the class dened, and no means are specifically shown in the accompanying drawings for igniting the Acharges of explosive mixtures as they are compressed in the cylinder, it being understood that any well-known form of igniter might be used.

Arranged adjacent to thepassage 10 and the inlet port 7 is an injecting apparatus shown in detail in Fig. 3. This consists essentially of a supply l2 through 'which the hydrocarbon is introduced, and a pump piston 13 for inducing the necessary ow of oil at predetermined instants through an injecting nozzle 14. j i

The several parts of the injecting apparatus' are mounted in a suitable casing 15 secured to the cylinder in any suitable manner, with the injection nozzle 14 located to throw its hydrocarbon across the upper end of the chamber 10 adjacent to the inletopenng 7 i 4.As

aruatter of fact, the nozzle is so arranged as toproject.

its oil directly throughthe opening 7 and against the deiiector 11. The pump piston 13 is mounted to slide in a tube 16 and is normally held at the outer limit of its play by. a spring 17. This piston bears at its outer end a roll or anti-friction' device 184 which at predetermined instant comes into Contact with a movable cam or actuator 19 borne in the fly wheel 4 Thisprojection 19 is mounted to move in the fly wheel and is controlled as to its position by levers 20--21, the latter of which is weighted and normally held against a stop 22 by a spring 23. This system of levers, the latter of which is weighted as indicated at 24, forms a governing device for controlling the action oi the piston 13. Unlder normal conditions the cam 19 comes into contact with the roll 1S upon each revolution of the fly wheel,

but if the speed of the ily wheel is abnormally increased the weighted lever 21` reacts against the spring 23 and carries the cam 19 out of registering position with the roll 187 thus permitting the piston 13 to lose its strokes until the normal speed oiithe engine is again attained.

In the opposite end of the tube 16 from that occupied by the piston 13 is a valve -25 having a somewhat peculiar construction and function. This valve consists of a main body part 26 normally heldvforward by a comparatively stiff spring 27 and filling the entire open- 26 is arranged a puppet valve 28, through which the oil introduced to the inlet 12 will readily flow upon the suction stroke of the piston 13. 1t is to be noted that the capacityoi the tube 16 between the valve 25 and piston 13 is somewhat greater than the capacity of the injection nozzleltwhich extends therefrom, and the` purpose o the movable valve body 26 is'to maintain a forced pressure upon the vhydrocarbon in the 'tube 16 and always insure a complete `illing of the injection nozzle "tube, thus precluding any possibility of drawing flame or gas back through the injection nozzle.

The injection nozzle 14 is of peculiar construction and consists of an inner tube 29, the outer end of which is perforated as at 30. About this tube is arranged an inclosing and controlling casing or tube 31. This also has perforations which under normal conditions are outr of registering position with the oriiccs of the inner tube 29 and effectually close said openings and prevent the passage of oil. The outer casing 31 is connected with a crank arm 32` slotted as at 33 and connected through a rod 34 with a pin 35 secured to the piston 13. vThis connection is for the purpose of opening the orifices of the injection nozzle at a predetermined instant during the stroke ofthe pump piston 13. To secure a means of adjusting and varying the relative amount of hydrocarbon passed through the opening of the nozzle a rod 36 duced in the inlet 12 and a draw off cock 40 is used to` "withdraw the oil fromthe tube 16. `When this stop cock 40 is closed a light oil may be introduced through an opening 4l to fill the tube 16, and the stop cock`39 may then be opened to permit the flow of the heavier oil as the engine is started.

Having described the several detailed parts of the mechanisnrfor carrying out my invention, its operation can now be more specifically defined.

It is to be observed that the injection of hydrocarbon through the nozzle is practically instantaneousand is accurately controlled by the movement of the pump piston 13. This pump piston in turn is automatically controlled in its movements by the self-regulating gov-A ernor which actuates the cam which engages and moves thepiston on its pumping stroke. By the arrangement described thepump. performsits work ih the shortest possible time, and the injection of the liquid into the explosion chamber is so graduated as to prevent its entrance until after a quantity of pure air from the crank sec-,sm

case has begun to enter the explosion chamber and cyll That is, the injection of the liquidy is delayed inder. until the piston on its downward stroke has partially uncovered the oriiicejof/the inlet port. The object and result of this control ofthe instant of injection of a fluid is lo first scavenge the explosion chamber and cylinder with a quantity of pure air, which being forcibly driven from the crank case encounters the burned gases produced by the previous explosion and dissipates them. Thereupon there is introduced into the explosion chamber Vbetween the burned gases and the fresh charge a slight cushion of .pure air, the result of which is to prevent the mixture of the petroleum vapor with the burned' gases and to absolutely preclude the escape through the exhaust port of the activepetroleum vapor prior to the covering of the exhaust port by the return movement of the piston. e

Whenever the governing device by its operation per- `mits the petroleum pump to become-inactive, the exr plosion chamber receives only pure air, which comy pletely scavenges said chamber and also tends to cool it, there being no 'explosions until the petrol pump is `again actuated. Of course, when the pump is temporarily outK of operation the nozzleoi the injection tube is completely closed-and 4then there' is no escape of oils unless the pump is positively actuated, and upon its actuation and the uncovering of the orifices of the nozzle the oil is introduced instantaneously and with absolute precision as-yto the instant of operation' of the several parts of the mechanism.

TheA injection of oil through the nozzle is always so timedlas to be thrown against the deflector of the piston,

which'in the operation of the motor is heated-to cxv tremely high temperature and thus volatilizes the mixture introduced. Y

Obviously various changes might'be made in the details of the several parts without materially departing .from the invention, and various forms of pumping apparatus and connections therefor might be used, the particular object being to always introduce a charge of oil at a known instant and to prevent all possibility of back firing into the crank case of theengine and into the inlet tubes for the fuel. j

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by- Letters Patent is:

1. In combination in a hydrocarbon motor having a combustion' chamber and an air compression chamber, an air passageaintermediate the air compression chamber and.

combustion chamber, a vpiston arranged to control the p assage of air intermediate said chambers, n crank shaft, a hydrocarbon pump, ,having means for maintaining an oil pressure in the 'pumpchamber irrespective of the position of its piston and means ntermediatethe crankshaft and.

pump for operating said pump piston, and an opening and closing injection nozzle operatively arranged with reference to the pump and combustion chamber.

i 2. In combination in a hydrocarbon motor having'a combustion chamber and an air compression chamber, an air passage intermediate the air compression chamber and combustion chamber, a piston arranged to control the passage of air intermediate said chambers, acrank'shaft, a hydrocarbon pump,.having means for constantly maintaining an oil pressure in advance of the pump piston .and means intermediatethe crank shaft and pump for operating the pump piston, an injection nozzle operatively arranged with referenceto the pump' and combustion chamber', and means for varying the amount of hydrocarbon passed through said injection nozzle and the instant of its passage.

3. In combination in 'a hydrocarbon motor having a' combustion chamber and an air compresslonrchamber and connections-intermediate said chambers, a hydrocarbon,-

tube, a pump piston arranged to reciprocate therein, means for reciprocating said piston, an injection nozzle appurtq nant to said pump and-adapted to dischargeiinto the` combustion chamber, a reailientplug arranged 'within the hydrocarbon tube, and plug. r

4. In combination in a `hydrocarbon motor `having a combustion4 chamber,` a hydrocarbon injector' arranged appurtenant thereto and comprising a normally closed nozzle, a hydrocarbon tube appurtenantto said nozzle, a piston arranged within said tube,.`a resilient plug normally resisting the. working stroke 'ot said piston, .a valve borne v by the plug, and connections intermediate the piston and nozzle whereby said nozzle is opened at predetermined instants with reference jto the working stroke of the former. ,ktm Al v5. InA combination in a hydrocarbon motor having a combustion chamber 'and an air compressing means appurtenant theretqja piston arranged to controlthe iiow of v fluid from the air compressor to the combustionchamber, a hydrocarbon pump lhaving an oilchamber, automatic means for maintainingan` oil pressure in said oi1 chamber a .valve carried kby Vaaid'fresilientfand a pist-on with means for periodically actuating the same to raise the`pressure within the oil ,chamber andY automatic means for releasing thefoil into the' combustion chamber invarying quantities.

6. The combinationln a hydrocarbon motor including .a

combustion. chamber, a compression chamber, piston, crank shaft and iiy whee1-of'an injecting' device, including a bustion chamber and a hydrocarbon injector appurtenant thereto, a pump piston, a nozzle having two relatively movable parts arranged to control the openingand closing of the nozzle,4 connections intermediate one of said parts and the pump pistou for automatically;controlling the opening and closingmovements of the nozzle at predetel:A

Vmined instantsv with reference to the movements of the pump piston, and Vmanually operated means for varying the relative operation of said parts.

, EDMUND HUDSON.

` Witnesses:

WM. H. BAnKrm, EDITH W. Day.

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