US861651A - Artificial structure and process of making the same. - Google Patents

Description

' PATENT@ JULY 3o, 19017.

v w, E Qassam.. ARTIHUIAL STRUGTURH AND mocass. @E MAKING BH-E SAME.

APPLIGATOH 'FILED NOV. 30, i906'.

STATES WALTER-E. nAssAM, or WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, AsSrGNoR-.To HASSAM PAVING ooMPANY, on WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, A'ooRroRATroN'oF MASSACHUSETTS,

`AR'IYIFICXACL STRUCTURE NDEROCESSM 0F MAKING THE SAME.

firs. 661,651.' v

. S'pecifcationof Letters Patent.:

Patented July so, 1907.

Application filed November 30,1906. Serial No. 345,730.

To all whom it may concernf Be it known that I, WALTER E. Hassan, acitizen of the United States, residing at Worcester, in the county of Worcester andState of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Artificial Structure 'and Process of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification. l

My invention relates ,toan artificial structure capable of use for foundations, walls, abutmentscolumns, floors, etc., but vespecially adapted for pavements for roads, sidewalks, and the like. In auch structures,

' broken stone or gravel has heretofore been placed on Y the bottom of .an excavation and rolled to compact the same.: The broken stone or gravel is treated with a.

grouting or thelike, either previous or subsequent-to l dts rolling, or simultaneously therewith. `This grouting-is in, a more or less liquid state, .and consequently is liable to run down below the bottomA of ,the layer of .En A

ston'e o `gravel and be lost and -'when there areholes o rappear hereafter. I

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing which shows a cross section of a pavement constructed `in accordance with this invention.

, While this improvement is applicable to several methods of constructing pavements which have heretofore been it is of especial utility when applied to the form of pavement set forth and claimed in my previous patent No. l519,652 granted May lst, 1906.

In that patent a pavement and method of making the same are described, in which the pavement comprises a bottom layer of hardrolled stone, a grouting of cement placed upon the stone and filling the voids therein, and

a suitable wearingsurfac'e placed on the gi'o'uting.4

When a pavement is constructed in this inanner, the

grouting which is applied to the tstone after it is rolle'd;v is necessarily-ofl suchconsistency that it will easily run through the voids among the stones; consequently, when it reaches `the bottom layer, if there are' further voids in the soil beneath, it will enter them and portions of it be lost. Moreover, it has no homogeneous waterproof .foundation u'nder the broken stone and the grouting of the stone may be uneven'.

Further obiects and advantages ofthe invention will Referring to the drawing,.1 will now describe my method of making the pavement shown therein, so ras made, the bottom of which is rolled. Then a creamy l grout a, preferably consisting of one partof cement to vthree or four parts of sand with water, is placed-upon .i

the bottom of the excavation. This may be a couple of inches thick. Then befbre this g'routing has a chance to'harden, the broken stone or gravel b is applied'and' rolledinto the same. IThe rollingis designed to force the stones into intimate op'ntact with each other so as 65 to reduce the spaces hetwen them, and to force tHe bottom stones into the layer or grouting'zvz.Av -In the preferred method-of carrying out the invention the stones are rolled in ,their uncoated condition, although this invention may be carried out with stones previously coated with grouting. After the uncoated stone is thoroughly rolled and compressed, al grouting c is applied thereto, consisting of a thin mixture of cement, sand and water, which preferably is prepared immediately before it is to be used, and does not require exfcessive handling. All the voids are filled with this,` and it is allowed to st and until it hardens. By the same time the grouting layer a will also have become hardened, so as to produce a homogeneous water-proof bottom-to hold the grouting c which is applied among the stones, and prevent the wasting of the same. After the 4grouting hardened, a surface d may be applied to the top of the pavement. In the form illustrated in the drawings, this' surface consists of'a thicker-grouting -oi cement, sand and water, either mixed or not, With 'fine broken stone or gravel. When not mixed with this grouting the fine broken uncoated stone may be rolled into the top layer of grouting before it is set so as to make a smooth, but gritty surface.

While I have illustrated and described a particular structure and -method of pi'odueing the-same, I am aware that many, modifications may be made therein by any person skilled in this art within the scope of my claims, and therefore, I do not wish to be limited to all of the features shown and described. For example, the particular order of procedure in producing the layers b and d may be considerably varied, and the layer dl may be of any character suitable for producing the desired result. i

Having thus'fully described my invention, what I 100 claim is. f

1'. An artlclal' structure comprising a homogeneous waterproof* foundation layer, a layer ot broken stone or 'gravel provlded with a grouting the .bottom of said layer being compressed into the first meutloned layer, and a suitable surface above the broken stone or gravel.

2, Astructure for Athe purposes described comprising a `bottomlayer of `ii-outing. nu intermediate loyer of broken 4Ml'nne or gravel provided -with n grinning liimq' the voids :inning the stones :md snpportmi, by and'comprsse/d partly into the first mentioned layer, und n top layer having o 5 suitable wearing urfoce'.

3l A structure for the 'purposes descrilxed, comprislm,r n.

bottom inyer`of {gx-outing, nn intermediate ia'yer of hard rolled uncnnted stonefn grouting'ni cement placed upon mid sione and filling the voids .therein down to said bot- 10 tom layer, and n suitohle: surface inyer of groutigbnn() stones pincedon the top ot sai'd Intermediate loyer.

T4. The method ot constnrgtlm.: a pavement or the like which compriseeexeuvatingg placing ,u loyer of grouting upontile bottom Yof the excavation, placing a layer of ..15 brokenfstone or gravel above 4the granting, compressing A 'the-'lame until the v'olds are small, grouiing the stone for f`861,651 l' y v :applying n suitable wonri'nrurfoce: ,Y 5. The method of coetru'cting;u pavcment.mathe like, which comprises excavating, qoiiing'-1thebotion1 ot the prisinl.: zmdmnd cement, then before nnid gruting has hardened, 'compressing :i layer of unonted-stone ons: the wn-i'nee o! mid granting, und applying u thinner granting voids ihereinvdown t'o the top of the tirist layer ofgi'outin'. In testimony whereof i have hereunto set when ,cih the presence of. two subscribing' witnesses.

A Witnesses:

)Luni E. Rams.

I l' I the purpose ot filling the voids an'xong tlhetonesJn-and' io the.: c mpessmi sione for thepu? ose offiiiling'i the WALTER E. HASSAM. l.

excavation, op'plying n coating of ceamy granting com- .l

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