US861329A - Explosion gas-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 861,829/ PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

A. STODOLA. EXPLOSION GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULYS, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Wdizesses if kw PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

A. STODOLA. EXPLOSION GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULYS, 1906. r

3 BHEETS-SHEET 2.

Wifnewes:

[Eve PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

.A. STODOLA. EXPLOSION GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 3, 1906.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

JTWQRZOTE' UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

AUREL STODOLA, OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM OF AKTIENGESELL- SCIIAFT DER MASOHIN ENFABRIKEN VON ESCHER, WYSS dz 00., OF ZURIOII, SWITZER- LAND.

nxPLosroN GAS-TURBINE.-

No. 86l,329.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 3,1905. Serial No. 268.218-

Patented. July 30, 1907.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUREL STODOLA, a subject of the King of Hungary, residing atZurich, in the Republic of Switzerland, have invented new and useful Improvements in Explosion Gas-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to explosion gas turbines, and has for its object the novel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter specifically described and claimed.

Explosion gas turbines in which there is a jet of gas acting on the turbine wheel are not usually regulable, as the pressure at the end of the nozzle varies with the pressure in the explosion chamber, and the turbine consequently operates with a bad efiiciency.

My invention is designed to obviate this disadvantage by positively varying the area or cross section of the passage through the nozzle by an axially moved and cooled spindle or core in the nozzle, so that the ratio of the area of cross section of the effective opening or passage through the nozzle to the greatest cross sec tion or area of the passage at the mouth of the nozzle at every instant has the value, which according to Zeuners theory is necessary in order to render possible the proper expansion from the pressure for the time being in the expansion chamber, to the constant pressure in the turbine casing.

Referring to the drawings, in which like partsv are similarly designatedFigure 1 is a vertical section of the upper part of a turbine. Fig. 1" is a developed plan, partly in section, of the stationary nozzle ring. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central section through a nozzle. Figs. 2 and 2 are cross sections of nozzles. Fig. 3 is a partial front elevation of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a vertical section through several explosion chambers. it The turbine wheel K is mounted on shaft 2, and is provided on its periphery with blades 3, here shown as two sets of blades, one set on each side of the middle stationary blades 4 on the casing 5. The shaft 2 is mounted in bearings 6 on the casing 5, said bearings concentric with the stationary air and gas supply. chambers F and F preferably but not necessarily constructed as concentric cylindrical chambers separated from each other by a partition 7, Figs. 1 and 4, and pro vided with ports 8 and 9 respectively, and entrances F .and F on the outer chamber F and also extending,

. over the chamber F is a cylindrical valve G provided with ports 10 and 11 arranged in pairs that are designed a to simultaneously come into register with the stationary I chambers E at the upper ends of whichare nozzles A presented to the blades. The cylindrical valve G is keyed or otherwise rigidly connected to a cam wheel G provided with a toothed ring m and a cam B On the shaft 2 is mounted a gear or worm wheel m driving a wheel m mounted on a spindle 13 which carries a similar wheel m at its upper end meshing with and driving the toothed ring m the cam wheel G and the valve G connected thereto. The spindle 13 has mounted upon it a ball governor m that operates a lever m that raises and lowers a rod m that rocks the pivoted valves 'm and m" controlling the entrance of .air and gas to the respective chambers F and F Mounted in brackets 14 projecting from the casing 5 are cases 15 in which are mounted the outer ends of the spindles B that are surrounded by coil springs B urging said spindles into the nozzles A. On each spindle B is mounted an anti-friction roller B within the path of the cam faces B on-the cam wheel G as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 1, said cam during its rotation withdrawing the conical ends of the spindles from the nozzles A against the pressureof their springs.

The nozzles'may be circular or rectangular in section, as shown in Figs. 2 and 2*,and the hollow spindles B may be cooled by water conveyed by pipe 0 to their interior, as shown in Fig. 2, said water being preferably conveyed under pressure through a round pipe O, Figs. 2 and 2*, or a square pipe C", Fig. 2 to the spindle most likely to be burned out. In the positions shown in the drawings the narrowest cross-section between the casing of each spindle or core and the nozzle wall is in the form of a small annular space at D, Fig. 2, and the nozzles enable an expansion from the highest pressure to that of the atmosphere.

The explosion chambers operate successively and are independent of one another, or they may be operated in groups, as desired. The spindles B preferably do not completely close the nozzles A, being held from completely closing them bythe cam B on wheel G.

Immediately after the explosion the spindles B are substantially in the position shown in Fig. 2, and immediately thereafter the cam "B on cam wheel G gradually withdraws the spindles to enlarge the annular space in accordance with the decrease of pressure in the explosion chamber the area of opening thereof being in accordance with the theory of Zeuner, and when the pressure in the explosion chamberhas de creased, the spindle B is again permitted to assume its normal position.

I claim- 1. In a turbine, an explosion chamber to produce gas pressure, a. nozzle connected thereto having a contracted portion, a spindle to control the same and means operated by the turbine to move the spindle from the nozzle in the spindle from the nozzle in accordance-with the decrease of pressureof the motive fluid in the explosion chamber.

3. In a turbine, an explosion chamber, a nozzle-leading therefrom, ahollow spindle partially ciosingsaid nozzle,

said hollow spindle supplied with a cooling l}quid, a spring to urge the spindle into its normal position, end a driven cum on the turbine to actuate said spindle and withdraw it from the nozzle in accordance with the decrease of 15 pressure in the explosion chamber. 4

In testimony whereof I have signed my nnme to this specification in the prese'il'ce'bf two subscribim, witnesses.

- AUREL STODOLA.

Witnesses:

\ Exmsr FISCHER,

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