US858778A

US858778A - Rotary engine.

Info

Publication number: US858778A
Application number: US29104105A
Authority: US
Inventors: William Kerr Austin
Original assignee: AUSTIN ENGINE Co
Current assignee: AUSTIN ENGINE Co
Priority date: 1905-12-09
Filing date: 1905-12-09
Publication date: 1907-07-02
Anticipated expiration: 1924-07-02

Description

No. 858.778. PATENTED JULY 2, 1907.

W. K AUSTIN. ROTARY ENGINE.

APPLICATION IILBD DEC. 9, 1905.

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W. K. AUSTIN.

ROTARY ENGINE I'APPLIOATION FILED DEC. 9, 1905,

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PATENTED JULY 2,1907.

No. 858,778. PATBNTED JULY 2, 1907.

ROTARY ENGINE. APPLICATION mm) D110. 9, 1906.

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5 1' I I /;7/ mg 1 UNITED STATES Parana er sion.

WILLIAM KERR AUSTIN, OFNEW' YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO nus TIN ENGINE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., -A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ROTARY Enema.

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To all sham-rt totem.- Be that I, Wrhmu Karen AUSTIN, a citizen of the United States', residing at New York, borough of in the county'of Kings and State-of New Y,ork', 'haveinventedcertain-new and useful Improve; i'inentsfinReversible'Balanced Rotary Engines, of which "the following is a specification.

invention relates to that class of rotary engines 'ifl which are combineda plurality of cylinders arranged 5 injr'evetse position one another with respect to the abutments and tlie points where the steam enters and is thereby reduced to a minimum.

leaves. the. cylinder, 8 that the pressure inone cylinder is counter-balanced by the pressure in another cylinder, and the force exerted to rotate the driving shaft'is' applied on opposite sidesof the shaft; a smooth,

even running and substantially noiseless engine being produced by this construction and arrangement of thecylinders.

i fl'rne object of his man..- described in the follow- .20

which shall be balanced absolutely both diametrically andlongitudinally; and this part of the invention con sists in a rotary engine composed of a primary cylinderand secondary cylinders located at the ends of the prispecification is, to produce a rotary engine mary cylinderand in a reverse position with respect thereto,.whereby the steam pressures are equalized throughout all the cylinders and the pressureon the pistons in theprimary cylinder is counter balanced by ,the pressures-.on the pistons in the secondary cylinders and Itliedriying shaft, pistons and hubs float between the counterbalancing pressures and the friction 'A'iurther object of the invention is to produce a multiple-cylinder balanced rotary engine in which the admission Poi steam to all the cylinders shall be controlled by'a single valye; and'this part of the inventionconsists in an. engine of the class described in which "the steam spaces of the seveial'cylinders are connected together and withan induction port in the primary cylinder, so that steam is'admitted into allthe cylind'ers simultaneously and atconstant boiler pressure.

I A further object of the invention is to produce a multiple cylinder balanced rotary engine in which the. exhaust steamirom all the cylinders is passed from the engine through a single port; and this part of the invention consistsin an engine of the class described in which'the exhaust sides of the severallcylinders are cdnnected together and with an eduction port in the primary cylinder, so that the exhaust steam from the secondary cylinders is led back into the primary cyl inder and with the exhaust steam from the'latter leaves the engine by a single eduction port in the pri* mary cylinder.

A further object of theinvention is to produces v Specification of Letters Patent.

hpplisatlo'n' filed December 9, 1905. Serial No. 291,041.

Patented July 2, 1907.

multiple-cylinder, reversible balanced rotary engine in whichthe reversing of the engine shall be effected by means of a single valve; and this part of the invens is led therefrom to the opposite sides of the secondary cylinders and the engine thereby reversed.

The invention has for its objects, finally, to provide an eflicient packing for the driving shaft and. 'hubs' of. the engine, and means for facilitating the adjustment of the pistons as they pass around the cylinder; these objects being accomplished by means which will be fully described in connection with the drawings.

To facilitate understanding the construction of the cylinders of this engine and the action of the pistons, reference is made to Letters Patent of the United .States, No. 348,879, dated September 7th, 1886 granted to the present applicant, the form of the cylinders in the present application being precisely the same as the cylinders described and illustrated in said patent.

In the accompanying drawings z- Figure 1 represents .cylinders, and by shifting the valve the admission or steam can be changed from one side to the other of the a longitudinal sectional elevation of my improved balanced reversible rotary engine. Fig.2 is a cross-section v of the. same taken on line w4v of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-section taken on line :t-x of Fig'. 1. Fig. 4 is a cross-section'taken on line y-y of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the cylinders showing the various steam spaces and steampassages. Fig. 6 is a cross-section of the same taken on line z:; of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 represents a part of one of theexterior cylinderheads in section and showing the packing for thesame around the shaft. Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation of the hub, pistons and shaft showing the pistons and the means of connecting them together through the hub and shaft.

The engine which will now be described in 'connec-' tion with the drawings comprises three cylinders, viz

l a central or primary cylinder A--- and secondary cylinders --BB-- which are placed at each end of the primary cylinder. The interior construction of these cylinders is substantially the same, but in describing them certain parts will be designated by different reicrence characters in order that the movements of the steam when passing into and through the cylinders may be more easilyunderstood. I

The exteriorcasings --1' 11- of the cylinders are of a general cylindrical form and their ends are flanged and the flanges provided with bolt holes. On the top or upper side of the casing there is a cylindrical casting -2 that forms the casing of a valve chamber'3, this casting being preferably an integral part of the cylinder, the center being bored out longitudinally to form the valve chamber. One end of the valve chamber is closed .by a head 5, which is periorated at the center for a valve rod 6, and has a stuffing box -7- for the valve rod packing. The other end of the casing is fitted with a screw-threaded flange 8 to receive the end of the eduction pipe. The upper side of the casing has a socket 9- which is screw-threaded to receive the end of the steam pipe. The cylinder has also projecting from opposite sides about in line with the axis of the hub which carries the-pistons, hereafter described, arms 10-10 which are rabbeted on their under sides to adapt them to rest upon and be fastened to a bed plate or other foundation and support the engine and prevent lateral movement.

Primary cylinder:The cylinder A- is elliptical in form, the ratio of its longer diameter to its shorter being preferably 8 to 8 5/32 but these proportions may be varied, more or less if found desirable or'expedient. The central part -11 of the top of the cylinder casing is hollowed out on its underside to form an abutment 12- the shape of which is that of the segment of a cylinder of less radius than the segments of the cylinders that form the primary steam cylinder. The centers from which the inner periphery of the steam cylinder are struck are indicated by -s-s and it will be seen that they are on a line coincident-with the horizontal axis of the cylinder and equally distant from a line drawn through the shorter or vertical axis thereof. The center 's from which the segment of the abutment is struck is above the centers s-s and on a line that coincides with the vertical axis between them. In the top of the casing and at the ends of the abutment there are ports 13-14- which are extended into the walls of the valve chamber on either side to a point in line with the axis of the chamber. These ports are for the passage olthe steam into and out of the central or primary cylinder, one being an induction and the other an exhaust port; but, as the engine is re\ 'crsible the two ports are exactly alike and are used intcrchangeably for induction and cdnciion. The side walls of the cylinder are double. consisting of an outer wall -l5 and an in side wall -1lithese double walls in the primary cylinder extending from the abutment to points below the horizontal axis of the cylinder. .lelwccn \hcsc double walls on lllc lcspcctivc sides: of rho cylinder there are stcam spaces --l7-l8. on ihe right and lel'l.hand side of thg cylinder. The space *1? communicates'wiih the cylinder through opcnillgs --ll -20-2lin the inside wall -l(i and tho space l8 on the opposite side communicates wilh the cylinder through openings 2'21l3-2-1 A The openings ---l9-- 2 lare located at opposite ends of ihc abutment and under the ports lit l4: The steam sp:u:c17-at its lower end is continued into a passage 25-- on the right-hand side oi the cylinder that extends from end to end thereof and l dsto openingsl2li -2liin lhe cylinder llnltls -.--2737--, and the space e '18- is conlrnucd into a similar lateral passage -2b on the loil-hand side of the cylinder which also extends from end to end thereof and communicates with openings 2929- in the heads 27-27.

Secondary cyZinders:-The secondary cylinders are also of a generally cylindrical form and have ilangcs on their ends provided with bolt holes. The heads -27-- 27- of the primary cylinder also form heads of the adjoining ends of the secondary cylinders, the rim of the cylinder heads and the flanges oi the cylindercasings being bolted together. The secondary cylinders are closed at their outer ends by heads-30- 30- holted to the flanges thereon. The heads 2727-30-30 have holes at their centers for the driving shall; S,

and the heads 3030 are also provided with out-.

wardly projecting collars 31- around the shaft holes by means of which the bearings 32- for the shaft in the heads arelengthened sufiiciently to give a iirm support. The collars are screw-threaded exteriorly and fitted with caps 33 33 for auxiliary packing around the shaft at the ends of the bearings. The secondary cylinders have the same horizontal and vertical dimensions the primary cylinder, but they are only half, as long and like the primary cylinder, they are provided with abutments-12, but these are formed in the inside walls -1G of the casing. Between the inside and outside walls -15-1(l-oi each of the secondary cylinders and on the right and lefthand sides respectively there are steam spaces 34 35- similar to the steam spaces 17l8- in the primary cylinder. Fig. 3 shows the steam space "35- on the left-hand side of the cylinder, and Fig. 4 the steam space 3-ion 'the right-hand side. The steam space 35 connnunicatcs with the cylinder through openings -3G3738, and the steam space 34 through openings 39 40- 4l. The steam spaces 35 35 of the secondary cylinders extend from the left-hand side of the cylinder under the abutmcnts 12 (see Fig. 3, 5) to the opposite side thereof and to pointsbelow the horizontal axes of the cylinders and midway between the same and the vertical axes where they bend at right angles and are extended to the openings 262o' in the cylinder heads 27-27 thus forming coutinuations of the passage -25 in the primary cylinder and supplying a passage for the steam from the primary cylinder to the secondary cylinders. The steam spaces 3-i extend under the abutmcnts .l2- around to a like position to [he left of the abutmcnts where they make a right-angled bend and are extended laterally parallel to the axis of the cylinder to the opelr ings -292$l in the heads 27. and thus form con- Linualions of the passage 2S-, in the walls oi the primary cylinder on the left-hand, and supply a passage for the steam from the secondary cylinders buck into the primary cylinders on the exhaust side. lly inspecting the figure it will be seen that there are continuous internal steam passages from the right-hand side of the primary cylinder lhrough the interior heads and thence to the left-hand side of the secondary cylindcrs, and similar passages from the lcfthand side of the primary cylinder through the interior heads and thence to the right-hand sides of the secondary cylindcrs. Each of these separate systems of internal passages are adapted to be used to convey the steam from [he primary cylinder into the secondary cylinders and also to lead the exhaust steam from the secondary cyl- I to have double walls with steam spaces between them i which communicate with the cylinder through openings n the inner walls and connect with other steam pas sages that form continuations of steam passages in the walls of the primary cylinder. Both of the sec- -'ondary cylinders are arranged in a reverse position with respect to the primary cylinder; that is to say, 7 their abutments are diametrically opposite the abutment of the primary cylinder. Furthermore, the steam spaces 35 of the secondary cylinders are in line with the steam space 17 in the primary cylinder, but they are in-communication through openings 2626 in the heads T.2727- with the steam passage 25- and the steam space l6 of the primary cylinder; and the steam space 34 is in linewith the steam space 16? of the primary cylinder,

hut in communication with the steam passage 28 through the openings 2929-.in the .heads. The

steam spaces 34 -35 are reversedwith respect to the heads of the secondary' cylinders, that is, in the left-hand cylinder the .space 34 is adjacent to: the

outer'head and in the right-hand cylinder it is next to the inner head, .but this arrangement is optional, and they may be in like positions if desired. The pistons;'lhese are connected with a cylinf' drical hub 42 mounted on the shaft S, thereby occupying a position above the horizontal diameter of the cylinder and concentric to the arc of the abutment. The diameter of the hub and its position are such that a segment of its periphery enters, fills and rotates in the abutment arch and fits against the surface thereof accurately, thereby forming 'a steam-tight joint and dividing thecylinder into two equal parts.

The periphery of the hub is provided with radialslots -48 4950-51 the depth of which is a little greater than half the radius of the hub. v i

The pistons PP, -P P are coupled together in pairs diametrically ,of the hub. They are composed of tvso parts, viz:--a rectangular part 5 2-,

which is inserted in the radial slot and an oscillating face plate 53, which is hinged to the rectangular part 52; The shape of the oscillating face-plate is that of the frustum of a wedge, in cross-section, but its face, that bears against the walls of the cylinder, is curved convexly to about the same radius as the arcs of the cylinder. The under-side is also cha m" iercd off or cut away at more or less of an angle to a line drawn through its axis, sothat it can oscillate freely to a limited extent. The face-plate is connected with the rectangular part by means of a rolling joint formed by a cylindrical rib or tongue 54 on the inner part of the piston which is inserted in a corresponding groove 55- in the face-plate, so that it cannot become disconnected while oscillating, but can be removed by slipping it off endwise when a head of the cylinder is taken off. By making the face-plate convex and of the same curvature as the arcs of the cylin'der, its entire surface'bears evenly against the walls of the cylinder whenrotating. As the hub rotates the angular positions of the pistons to the walls of the cylinder change constantly owing to the eccentricity of the path of the pistons to the cylinder. If the contact faces were rigid more or less friction would be produced which would cause rapid and uneven wear, and, after the engine hadbeen running for a short time, the surface of the faces would be worn down transversely to such an extent that they would no longer form a close enough contact with the walls of the cylinder tostop the steam; but by curving the bearing faces so'that their entire surface bears against the walls 'of the cylinder and adapting them to oscillate and thus maintain a the cylinder, they afford a perfect obstruction to the steam'and remain at all times parallel t o'the walls,

whereby freedom of movement and even wear are insured.

The pistons are connected together through the hub and shaft diametricallyiby means of two or more connecting bars 56 which are passed through tapered. bushings -5 7-. inserted in perforations the hub and the shaft. The ends of these bars are inserted in sockets +58 in the inner sides of opposite pistons. Between the ends of the bars and the bottom of the sock-' ets spiral springs -59- are inserted to supply an elas-' tic bearing for the pistons. The bushings -5' 7--'- =ex- 9'0 tend from the bottom of a slot on one side to the bottom I of its opposite slot, and by tapering the'm they'can be wedged securely in the perforations in the" hub and 'same by the retirement of the opposite piston into its slot which is brought aboutpositively by the wall of the cylinder on the opposite side, which forces the pis- 10,0

ton on that side into its slot. The direct and positive movement of the pistons thusproduced by-coupling them together, forces the one which the steam is driving against the walls of the cylinder as they'recede from the hub and thus maintain a steam tight connection therewith.

The shaft packing:-The shaft is packed in the following manner; In eachof the heads -30-30 on the inside there is an annular groove '60: which is coacentric to the shaft, but extends into-the shaft only at its inner end. This groove forms the box for the pack ing which is arranged in the following manner:-At the bottom of the groove there are'springs -61 which may be spiral as shown, or of other form; against these springs a wrought-iron ring 62 is laid, and, next to the wrought-iron ring, a ring 63 of soft-or fibrous packing is inserted, and on top of this, a cast-iron ring, -64 is placed. The latter ring is right angular in cross-section, a flange .65, projecting inward and forming a broad face that extends down to the shaft. The ring. is inserted in the groove which it fits closely, against the soft packing ring 63.-. In the partition between the groove and the shaft, holes -66- are drilled parallel to the shaft toreceivethe pins 67, which are screwed into the flange of the steel ring v -64=. These'pins hold the steel ring and prevent it from being rotated by frictional .contact'with the sides of the hub. The face of.th'e packing ring -64 is pressed against the end of the .hub by the springs in the groove and steam tight jQintsJhus'formed around the removed: when the cylinder head is taken off by inserting a tool under the flange and driving it out of the groove.

The admission of steam to the cylinder is controlled by means of a valve inclosed in the. valve chamber This valve consists of heads 686 8 connected by a hollow cylindrical stem69-' of a smaller and the vertical axis. grooves except at their extreme ends which open into diameter than the chest. Thes heads are packed by means of expansible steel packing rings inserted in grooves 7l' in the periphery of the heads. -At one end of the valve there are proj actions 72 between which the ends of the cross-arms -7373 on the end of the valve rod 6', are inserted and fastened by means of screw studs 74 driven down into them through the projections 7272. Between the heads of the valve a space -75surrounding the valve, forms a passage to the induction port for the steam that enters the valve chamber from. the steam pipe. The exhaust steam pa'ssesout of the chamber at its open end. When the engine is running to the right the valve is moved back to the right-hand end of the valve chamber and the steam passes through the space '75- to the port l3 and enters the cylinder through said port; but when running to the left the valve is moved to the opposite end of the chambenas indicated by the dotted lines in which positions the heads are to the left of the ports 13-14, and the steam enters the cylinder through the port 14-, exhausts through the port 13, and enters the open end of the hollow valve stem between the arms 7373, passes through the same and escapes into the exhaust pipe at the open end of the valve chamber. Hence the ports 13--14 are respectively the induction and exhaust ports when the engine is running in one direction and, when the directionis changed, port l3. becomes the exhaust port and 14- the induction portf By this construction therefore the engine is reversible by means of a single valve. To stop the engine the valve is moved to a central position so as to cover both ports 13-14.

The heads of the cylinders are provided'with segmental grooves or channels 7677- on opposite sides of the driving shaft and these grooves are connected respectively with radial grooves -7879- which extend out beyond the periphery of the hub above the horizontal. axis of the cylinder and midway between it The ends of the hub cover these the steamspaces on opposite sides of the cylinder. The segmental grooves extend beyond the circle described by the bottoms of the piston-slots when the -hub roinder on that side.

also enters the groove 78 and segmental grooves 76 and, when a piston slot passes the upper end of the segmental groove, which occurs when the piston begins to move out of the slot, the steam enters the slot and exerts a pressure against the bottom of the piston that tends to force the face of the oscillating plate against the wall of the cylinder on the steam side and. at the same time,- reduces the pressure of the opposite piston against the wall of the cylinder on the exhaust side. This pressure on the piston continues while it is moving down to the bottom of the cylinder until it reaches its extreme outward position when the rear side of the piston slot passes the lower (11d of the segmental slot on the steam side and thus cuts off the steam from entering the slot, and the forward sid c of the slot passes the lower end of the segmental groove 77 on the exhaust side and thus opensup a passage from the piston slot to the exhaust steam space of the cylinder into which the steam flows and thence passes out to the exhaust and relieves the pressure under the piston at the time it begins to be retired into the slot by tho approaching walls of the cylinder on the exhaust sidev As before stated the pistons are adjusted posit ivcly thn I.

is, when opposite connected pistons are approaching respectively the shorter and longer radii of the cylinder, the piston approaching the shorter radii is forced in its slot or retired towards the axis of the hnbsand the opposite piston is forced out against the walls of the cyl- If this positive motion were alone relied on, there might be more or less resistance from fricticin,-steam pressure and other causes, pariticularly when the pistons on the exhaust side pass from tho cylinder to the abutment where the change of posit ion is most abrupt. To prevent this and reduce the resistance to a minimum, steam is admitted under the pistons on the steam side through the grooves Tti78- when they begin to move'ont after passing the ahulincnti and this steam bears againsttho pistons on the steam side and forces them out of their slots and against thiwalls of the cylinder, thus aiding their movolncnl and relieving the pressure of. the pistons against the walls of the cylinder on the exhaust side to a considerable extent. The pressure of tho-steam against lhc underside of the pistons continues until they l)'.i\'(' rem-Ind and passed the point where they are moved out to (lit-i1 full extent and presented their whole effective sili'fzli'u to the pressure of the steam and until lheylmvo conimenced to retire into tl1eirslots. When they do so the piston slots reach the segmental groove 77' on the exhaust side and the steam passes from under the piston through said groove and the radial groove 79 and escapes through the exhaust passage of the cylinder.

While particular reference has been made-to the primary cylinder in the foregoing description of the grooves for admitting the steam under the pistons and exhausting it therefrom, it is to be understood that these grooves are also in the heads of the secondary cylinders and that the steam is admitted under lhe pistons and exhausted therefrom in the same manner precisely as in the primary cylinder, but the position fill ofthe pistons at the time the steam'is admitted under them and exhausted from them, is reversed in these cylinders from the position they occupy in the primary cylinder.

The operation of 'this engine is as follows:When

the engineis running to the right the valve is moved to-the right-hand end of the valve chamber, so that its right-hand head will uncover the port --l3 which becomes the induction port and its 1eft-haud heads uncovers the port 14, which becomes the exhaust port. Steam entering the valve chamber passes through the space between thestem of the valve and the walls of the chamber and enters the space -17 through the I port.'l3.' From the space 17-' it passes through v the openings 1920- -21- into the cylinder when the pistons are in the position shown by Fig. 2. The steam between thepistons PP has noeffect in moving the pistons because the pressure on both sides of the piston P is about equal, but the steam entering the port 21- is opposed practically bytheentire area of the piston P The pressure causes the piston P to move and rotate the hub and shaft..

When piston -P- reaches the opening -19, P-'

' passes the opening -21, sothat the steam entering through the opening -20 acts upon piston -P-, and when the latter passes opening -2]--the piston -'-P- reaches opening 20- and the rotation of the hub is produced by the pressure of the steam behind the piston -P. At this stage piston -P is moving up the exhaust side in the cylinder and when it passes opening 22 in the wall of this side the steam behind it passes into'the exhaust space l8, and

thence to the exhaust port 14-. Substantially the whole work in theprimary cylinder is done by' the steam that enters through opening -21 behind the piston which has passed said opening, The live steam continues to flow through the induction port 13 and it passes from the steam space 1-7 to the steam passage-25 and divides, part of it going to the right,

and part to.the left, passing through the openings 26-26--, in the heads 27 27- and then enters the steam spaces -3535 of the secondary cylinder, whence it passes into these cylinders through the openings -,363738 and drives the pistons in these cylinders; When the pistons in the secondary cylinders reach the-exhaust side of the cylinders the steam' behind the pistons passes-into :the exhaus t spaces 34 34-, ascindicated by the arrows, Fig. 5, thence flows through. the openings "-2929- in the heads -2727 and enters the exhaust passage -28' of the primary cylinder from which passes into the 3 space -.18 and through the openings -22 2324' to the exhaust port -14-.. By refeience to; Fig. 5

the movement of the live steam frchn the primary cylinder into-the secondary cylinders and its return from the secondary cyl-inders to the primary cylinder, areclearly indicated by the arrows As the live steam enters and fills the steam: space l7 of-the primary cylinder on the right-hand side f and also enters and fills thesteam spaces 3535-- on the left-hand side of thesecondary' cylinderathe pressure exerted by. the steam on the pistons, hub and driving" shaft in the. primary cylinder is perfectly bal anced by the pressure on the pistons, hub and 2 hence, it willbe clearly seen that the balancing ofpres-i becomes 'shaft on the left-hand side of thesecondary cylinders, and furthermore, asithe pressure on, the hub and shaft I inthe' primary cylinderfis counterbalanced bythe oppassed the upper openings 3838 .in the secondary is diametrically cylinders, and as the opening 2l opposite the openings 3838, it follows thatthe throughthe secondary cylinders it follows greatest pressure on the pistons, hubs and driving v shafts is exerted in the space between the pistons as these are shown by Figs. 2, 3, 4,and,.

sures is absolute. i It will be seen by reference to Fig, 5 that the openings '-19-20'21 and -2223 24- of the primary cylinde'r-are'much larger ings is3-34-'-35 and f-36v-s7-3s of the sec ondary cylinders. This is necessary because of the greater area of thepistons and hub in the central cylthan the O es inder, and, for the further reason, that when the openings on one side of the primary cylinder are used asthe exhaust openings, and the exhaust from both secondary cylinders and also from the pass through the exhaust openings in the primary cyl primarycylinder has to inder, it is necessary that these should be larger to give a perfectly free exhaust .to avoid back pressures on the pistons when they move through the exhaust side of' the central cylinder.

When the engine is to'be run to the left the valve is moved over to the left-hand end of the valve chamber so that its heads will uncover the ports 13-14 The steam entering the valve chamber passes from the steam space -75- through the port 14, which now the'induction port, and the exhaust steam. passes out through the port 13 around the right hand head of the cylinder and'thence through the hollow stem of the valve to the eduction pipe at the oppo site end of the valve chamber. When the valve is thus adjusted the live steam enters the left-hand side of the central cylinder and fills the space 18 and.

flows into the steam passage -28 andpasses thence.

through the opening 27'27 ondary cylinders; while the exhaust steam passes through the openings -3637'38-into'the steam spaces 3535 and thence through the openings 2626 into the cylinder heads to the steam passage 25-- in theprimary cylinders and from there into the steam space -16- and out through the exhaust port 13. From the aboveit will shifting the valve the engine is reversed.

these dimensions more or less from that's'tated. Fur thermore the invention is notlimited to the exact mode of connectingthe steam spaces of the secondary cyl-' inders with the steam spaces of the primary cylinder, as

to the steam spaces -34-34 'and thence through the openings to theleft-hand sides of the secbe seen that by merel It is not intended to restrict the secondary cylinders to the dimensions given in'the specification,

'. instances it may be desirable or expedient to' vary asinsomeother means of making these connections may be e ployed if desired or when circumstances may make it ZUGCESSHIY.

I claim v 1, ln balanc d rotary engines. the combination of a primary cylinder provided with pistons induction and exhaust ports, a valve for controlling the admission and escape of the steam therefrom. secondary cylinders connceied with the ends of the primary cylinder and steam passages that connect the live steam sides and the exhaust. steam sides of the. secondary cylinders. with the live steam side and the exhaust steam side of the priinary cylinder, substantially as specified.

2. ln balanced rotary engines, the combination of a primary cylinder provided with pistons induction and exhaust ports, a valve for controlling the admission and egcape of the steam therefrom, secondary cylinders connected with the ends oi the primary cylinder arranged in a re versed relation to the primary cylinder. steam passages that connect the steam space on one side of the primary cylinder with the steam space on the opposite sides of the secondary cylinders, and an exhaust steam space on one side of the primary cylinder that connects with the exhaust steam spaces on the opposite sides of the secondary cylinders, substantially as specified.

inder provided with pistons, induction and exhaust ports, a valve for controlling" the admission oi the steam into the cylinder, a secondary cylinder at each end of the pri mary cylinder and steam passages leading from the primary cylinder into the secondary cylinders, to convey the live steam at boiler pressure into the secondary cylinders, substantially as specified.

4. In rotary eng nes, the combination of a primary cyl inder provided with pistons, induction and exhaust. ports, and a valve for controlling the admission of the steam into said cylinder, secondary cylinders provided with pistons at each end oi. the primary cylinder the longitudinal area of which is one halt that of the primary cylinder, and steam passae'es leading from the primary cylinder into the secondary cylinders to convey the live steam at boiler pressure into the steam spaces of the secondary cylinder substantially as specified.

inbalanced rotary engines, the combination of a primaay cylinder provided with pistons induction and exhamt ports, a valve for controlling the admission of the iteam into the cylinder, a secondary cylinder provided w th pistons at each end of the primary cylinder and steam passges leading from the primary cylinder into the secondary cylinders, to convey the live steam at boiler pr ,ure into the secondary cylinders, substantially as specified.

G. In rotary engines, the combination of a primary cyiinder provided with pistons, steam spaces on opposite sides of the cylinder, openings through the walls of the I cylinder from the said steam spaces into the cylinder, in-

duetion and exhaust ports that communicate with the respective steam spaces, a valve that controls the admission of steam into said cylinder. secondary cylinders provided with pistons and steam spaces on opposite sides thereof and steam pass leading from the steam spaces in the primary cylinder to'thc steam spaces in the secondary cylindersand which connect the steam spaceson one side of the primary cylinder with the steam spaces on the opposite sidg of the secondary cylinders, substantially as specified.

i. In rotary engines, the'con bination of a primary cyi indcr provided with pistons and steam spices on opposite sides thereof, openings in the walls of th cylinder between the steam spaces and the cylinder, \vhaust ports leading into the steam spaces on opposite sides of the cyl indcr, a single valve for controlling the admission of steam to the cylinder which is adapted to be shifted and thus open either one of the ports for the admission of steam to either side of the cylinder, secondary cylinders atcach end of the primary cylinder provided .with steam spaces on opposite sides and openings in the cylinder walls between the steam spaces and the cylinder, steam passages that connect the steam spaces of the primary cylinder with the steam spaces of the-secondary cylinders in rotary engines, the combination of a primary cyl on both sides of each. the steam space on one side of the primarycylinder being connected by means of the steam passages with the steam spaces on the opposite sides oil the secondary cylinders, substantially as spccilied.

S, In rotary enp'ines. the combination of a primary cylinder provided with rotatable pistons and an abutiucut that divides the cylinder longitudinally into two equal parts, steam spaces in vthe walls of the cylinder on opp' sides thereof. openings in the walls between the cylind r and the steam space ports that open from the valre chamber into the steam spaces on opposite sides oi. lhc cylinder, a secondary cylinder at each end of the primary cylinder. abutmenis in the secondary cylinders that db vide them into tw o'parts long .udiually and which are diametrically opposite the abutment ot the primary cylinder, steam spaces on opposite sides of the inders. a steam passage on one side of the primary cylindcr that leads into the steam spaces on opposite sides Lil' the secondary cylinders. and a single valve for coutrullimi; the admission of live steam to the primary cylinder and the secondary cylinders, so that it enters the primary and secondary cylinders simultaneously, substantially as speci tied.

9. In rotary engines. the combination of a primary cylinder ham 4 steam spaces in opposite walls, openings in the wall of the cylinder for the admission of steaiu on our side of the cylinder and its exhaust on the opposite side. an abutment at the top of the Ci'lllltltil, a valve chamber. ports at each end of the abutment leading from the valve chamber to the spaces on opposite sides of the cylinder. secondary cylinders at the ends of the primary cylinder, heads between the primary cylinder andihc secondary cylinders, heads at the outer ends olf the secondary cylinders, a driving shat't passed through the heads and supported in bearing-s tl1erein.-hubs in the primary and secondary cylinders mounted on the d shaft. said hubs provided with radial slots, self-adjusting pistons in the slots of the hubs those on opposite sides connected to gethcr through the hubs and drivdne; sba'lt so as to move together in either direction, sides of the primary cylinder. steam sp: in the walls of the secondary liuders which are oppositely placed with respect to the steam spaces in the primary cylinder. openings in the heads between the primary cylinder and secondary cylinders, steam pass: nos leading from the steam spaces in the primary cylinder to the openings in the heads between the cylinder and communicating with the steam spaces of the secondary cylinders, a valve for controlling the admission of steam to the primary cylinder. substantially as specified.

10. A reversible balanced rotary engine. comprising a primary cylinder and sccoiulary cylinders which are coir nected with the ends of the primary cylinder, abutuicnts in said cylinders, a shaft passing thrtmgb the cylinders. l hub mounted on the same in the respective cylinders provided with self-adjusting; pistons the respective cylindersbeing of the same diameter and shape, but the secondary cylinders being in a reversed position with respect to the primary cylinder. a valve chamber connected with the primary cylinder, steam spaces in the opposite walls ot the primary cylinder and secondary cylinders, openings leading therefrom into the cylinder, steam ports leading from the valve chamber into the steam spaces of the primary cylinder, steam p. gos leading from the steam spaces on each side of the primary cylinder to the steam spaces on the opposite sides of the secondary cylinders and a single valve [or controlling the adni sion oi steam into the primary cylinder through the same and the connectin; steam passages into the steam spaces of the secondary cylinders, substantially as specified.

11. In-reversible balanced rotary engines. the combi' nation of a primary cylinder, two secondary cylinders having the same diameter and shape as the primary cylindcr, but each ot them being but ball the length of the primary cylinder, a driving shatt passed through the said cylinders, hubs mounted on said shaft in the respective cylinders each of which is provided with selbadjustinn pistons, abutments in the respective cylinders. those in the secondary cylinders being diametrically opposite the abutment of the primary cylinder, steam spaces in the EIO Il (lb opposite walls of the .primary and secondary cylinders, openings in the walls of the'cylinders leading from the steam spaces into the cylinder, ayalve chamber on the primary cylinder over the abutment, ports leading from the valve chamber into the steam spaces in the walls of the primary cylinder, a valve which is adapted to be ad- 1 justed to open either of theports to admit steam to the steam space on either side of the primary cylinder, steam,

passages leading from the steam spaces of the primary cylinder into the steam spaces of'the'secondary cylinders; whereby when the valve is adjusted to admit steam through one of theports to one side of the primary cyliuder, it is led through the steam passages to the steam spaces on the opposite sides of the'secondary cylinders, substantially as specified.

12.In reversible balanced rotary engines, the combination of elliptical primary and secondarycylinders provided with abutments in line with the vertical axes of the cylinders, the abutment in the primary cylinder being diametrically opposite, the abutments of the secondary cyllnders, steam spaces in the walls on opposite sides of the said linders, openings in the wall leading from the steam s aces into the cylinders, the steam spaces in the secondary 'cy'lindrsextendiug from points above the hurl zontal axes of the cylinders around. and under the abut-- ments to the opposite sides thereof,.steam passages leading from the spaces in the wall'of the primary cylinder to the opposite spaces in the walls of the secondary cylinders, a valve chamber on the primary cylinder over the abutment, and steam ports leading from the valve chamber into the steam spaces in the walls of the primary cylinder, substantially as specified.

13. In reversible balanced rotary engines, a cylinder, a'

shaft passed through the said cylinder, a hub mounted on the said shaft provided with radial slots; selt-adjusting pistons in the said slots, opposite pistons being connected together diametrically of the hub and shaft, whereby when the hub rotates the pistons on the steam side are moved out and those on the exhaust side are moved in the slots and grooves or channels in the heads of the cylinder consisting of segmental grooves concentric to the hub and having radial grooves extendingout beyond the periphery of the hub, the segmental grooves communicating withthe slots inwhich the pistons move, whereby when steam is admitted to the cylinder it passes-through the radial grooves on one side into the segmental groove on the same side and thence into theslot under the piston, and

when said piston reaches the segmental slot on the oppo-