CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/546,269 filed on Oct. 12, 2011, the entirety of which being incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates generally to mesh fixation devices for securing objects to body tissue and, more particularly, to a mesh fixation system for securing a surgical mesh to underlying tissue during surgical procedures to repair body tissue, such as in hernia repair procedures.
2. Description of Related Art
In laparoscopic repair of hernias, surgical fasteners have been used to attach repair mesh over the hernia defect so that bowel and other abdominal tissue are blocked from forming an external bulge that is typical of abdominal hernias. The role of the fasteners is to keep the mesh in proper position until tissue ingrowth is adequate to hold the mesh in place under various internal and external conditions. Adequate ingrowth usually takes place in 6-8 weeks. After that time, the fasteners play no therapeutic role. Fixation anchors comprise a mesh fixation feature, or head, a mesh-tissue interface section, and a tissue-snaring feature that holds the anchor in place under force developed inside or outside the body.
An inguinal hernia is formed when small a loop of bowel or intestine protrudes through a weak place or defect within the lower abdominal muscle wall or groin. This condition is rather common, particularly in males. Hernias of this type can be a congenital defect or can be caused by straining or lifting heavy objects. The protrusion results in an unsightly bulge in the groin area often causing pain, reduced lifting ability, and in some cases, impaction of the bowel.
Surgery is a common solution to an inguinal hernia. The preferred surgical technique requires extracting the bowel from the defect, placing a surgical prosthesis such as a mesh patch over the open defect, and attaching the mesh patch to the inguinal floor with conventional sutures or with surgical fasteners or anchors. The repair is accomplished using either open or laparoscopic surgery. Surgical anchors are routinely used in the laparoscopic procedures owing to the difficulty in suturing under laparoscopic conditions.
SUMMARY
In the drawings, and in the following description, the term “proximal” should be understood as referring to the end of the pertinent structure that is closer to the clinician during proper use, while the term “distal” should be understood as referring to the end that is farther from the clinician, as is traditional and conventional in the art.
A mesh fixation system is disclosed including a plurality of elongate members and each elongate member includes a plurality of longitudinally extending support members. Each support member is connected to an adjacent support member by a plurality of connecting members and the elongate member defines at least one opening extending therethrough between adjacent support members and adjacent connecting members. The mesh fixation system further includes a plurality of legs extending from each support member. The plurality of legs is adapted for insertion through a mesh and into a body tissue to secure the mesh to the body tissue.
In another aspect, a mesh fixation system is disclosed including a mesh and a plurality of elongate members. Each elongate member includes a plurality of longitudinally extending support members each connected to an adjacent support member by a plurality of connecting members. Each elongate member defines at least one opening extending therethrough between adjacent support members and adjacent connecting members. The mesh fixation system further includes a plurality of legs extending from each support member. The plurality of legs is adapted for insertion through the mesh and into a body tissue to secure the mesh to the body tissue.
In any of the above aspects, each leg may include at least one fixation member adapted to limit withdrawal of the leg from the body tissue after insertion therein. The elongate members may be formed by injection molding. The elongate members may be formed of a polymer. The elongate members may be formed of a lactomer based system. The elongate members may be removably attached together. The support members may be disposed in substantially parallel alignment. The connecting members may be disposed in substantially parallel alignment. The connecting members may be disposed in transverse alignment to the support members. At least four elongate members may be included. Each support member may include at least four legs. The elongate members may be adapted to be separated before insertion into a body opening.
A method of affixing a mesh to body tissue over a hernia defect is disclosed including inserting the mesh through a body opening, positioning the mesh against the body tissue over the hernia defect, inserting a plurality of elongate members through the body opening, each elongate member including a plurality of legs, and driving the legs of each elongate member into the body tissue, at least one of the legs of each elongate member being driven through the mesh to secure the mesh to the body tissue.
In one aspect, each elongate member is initially attached to an adjacent elongate member and the method further includes separating the adjacent elongate members prior to insertion of the elongate members into the body opening.
In another aspect, at least one leg of each of the plurality of elongate members is driven through a different portion of the mesh adjacent the hernia defect.
In another aspect, each elongate member includes a first support member having a first plurality of legs and a second support member having a second plurality of legs where driving the legs of each elongate member into the body tissue includes driving at least one of the legs of the first support member through the mesh.
In another aspect, at least one leg of each of the first and second support members is driven through the mesh while the remaining legs of each of the first and second support members are driven only into the body tissue.
Although each aspect is described with reference to one of the systems and methods described above, it is contemplated that any of the above-mentioned aspects may be included with each of the above-mentioned systems or methods.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with a general description of the present disclosure given above, and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a mesh fixation system in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating an elongate member of the mesh fixation system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the elongate member of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top, plan view of the elongate member of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the elongate member of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the mesh fixation system of FIG. 1, illustrating two of the elongate members attached together;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the mesh fixation system of FIG. 1, illustrating the mesh fixation system inserted through a mesh and into tissue to secure the mesh over a hernia defect;
FIG. 8 is a front cross-sectional view of one of the elongate members of FIG. 7, illustrating the legs of the elongate member inserted through the mesh and into the body tissue;
FIG. 9 is a front view of FIG. 8, illustrating the legs during insertion through the mesh and into the body tissue;
FIG. 10 is a top, plan view of an elongate member in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a top, plan view of the elongate member of FIG. 10, illustrating the elongate member in a flexed state;
FIG. 12 is a top, plan view of an elongate member in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 13 is a top, plan view of the elongate member of FIG. 12, illustrating the elongate member in a flexed state;
FIG. 14 is a top, plan view of an elongate member in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure; and
FIG. 15 is a top, plan view of the elongate member of FIG. 14, illustrating the elongate member in a flexed state.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Various embodiments of the presently disclosed mesh fixation system, and methods of using the same, will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings wherein like references numerals identify similar or identical elements. In the drawings, and in the following description, the term “proximal” should be understood as referring to the end of the pertinent structure that is closer to the clinician during proper use, while the term “distal” should be understood as referring to the end that is farther from the clinician, as is traditional and conventional in the art.
Referring now in detail to the drawing figures, and in particular initially to
FIG. 1, a mesh fixation device is generally shown as
10.
Mesh fixation device 10 includes a plurality of
elongate members 20 removably attached together.
As illustrated in
FIGS. 2-5, each
elongate member 20 includes a pair of longitudinally extending
support members 22 and
24 respectively, and at least one connecting
member 26 extending between the pair of
support members 22,
24 to connect the pair of
support members 22,
24 together. It is contemplated that each
elongate member 20 may alternatively include only one support member or that each
elongate member 20 may include three or
more support members 22,
24 without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
As illustrated in
FIGS. 2 and 4, the combination of
support members 22,
24 and connecting
members 26 of each
elongate member 20 define a generally rectangular shape with the pair of
support members 22,
24 disposed in substantially parallel alignment. However, it is contemplated within the scope of the present disclosure that support
members 22,
24 and connecting
members 26 may define other shapes such as, for example, a square shape, a triangular shape, a circular shape, an ovoid shape, a rhombic shape, a quadrilateral shape, another polygonal shape, or other suitable shapes for providing support to elongate
member 20. It is also contemplated that
support member 22 may be disposed at an angle relative to support
member 24.
As illustrated in
FIGS. 2 and 4, each connecting
member 26 extends between
support members 22 and
24 and is disposed substantially perpendicular relative to support
member 22 and
24. It is contemplated however that connecting
members 26 may alternatively be disposed at an angle to each of
support members 22 and
24.
Each
elongate member 20 includes at least one
opening 28 extending therethrough defined by
adjacent support members 22,
24 and adjacent connecting
members 26.
Opening 28 is adapted to facilitate tissue ingrowth and bio absorption of the
elongate member 20. As illustrated in
FIGS. 2 and 4,
multiple openings 28 may be provided along the longitudinal length of each
elongate member 20 to further assist in tissue ingrowth and bio absorption.
As illustrate in
FIGS. 2-4, each
support member 22,
24 includes a plurality of
legs 30 extending therefrom.
Legs 30 extend substantially perpendicular to support
members 22 and
24 and define
barbed tips 32. Each
leg 30 is adapted for insertion through a
mesh 100 and into tissue “T”.
Legs 30 may alternatively extend at an angle to support
members 22 and
24. Although, as illustrated in
FIGS. 3 and 4,
legs 30 are spaced substantially uniformly along the length of each
support member 22,
24, it is contemplated that
legs 30 may be non-uniformly spaced where, for example, more legs per unit length may be found on a first of
support members 22,
24 than that found on the second of
support members 22,
24.
With reference to
FIG. 5,
barbed tips 32 of
legs 30 are dimensioned to inhibit removal of
legs 30 from tissue after
legs 30 have been inserted therein. Each
barbed tip 32 includes an
inner portion 34 and an
outer portion 36.
Inner portion 34 extends substantially linearly from
support members 22,
24 while
outer portion 36 defines a
flange 38 extending radially from the
leg 30 and tapers towards the
inner portion 34 from
flange 38 to a
tip 40. It is contemplated that
inner portion 34 may be non-liner and may, for example, be curved or arcuate, and may also taper toward
tip 40.
Flanges 38 are adapted to inhibit removal of
legs 30 from tissue once
legs 30 have been inserted into tissue. As illustrated in
FIG. 5,
adjacent legs 30 of
adjacent support members 22,
24 include
flanges 38 which extend outward relative to an axis A-A and each other. This facilitates anchoring the
elongate member 20 to the tissue since if
elongate member 20 is pulled off axis at least one of
flanges 38 will catch within the tissue to inhibit withdrawal. It is contemplated that
flanges 38 may have other orientations, including, for example, extending inward towards axis A-A, e.g. from the
inner member 34, or extending substantially parallel to the
support member 22,
24 from which the
leg 30 extends. Other types of
barbed tips 32 may also be utilized including, for example, single barbs, compound barbs, V-lock barbs, bi-directional barbs, or other barbs suitable for inhibiting withdrawal or removal of
legs 30 from tissue “T” after insertion therein. The barbs can be arranged in any suitable pattern about
barbed tips 32 and
legs 30 such as, for example, helical, spiral, linear, or randomly spaced. The pattern may be symmetrical or asymmetrical and more than one barb may be disposed on each of
legs 30. Other methods of inhibiting withdrawal or removal of
legs 30 from tissue “T” may also be included such as, for example, adhesives.
Referring now to
FIGS. 1,
2, and
6, each
elongate member 20 is attached to an adjacent
elongate member 20 through an attachment joint
42. Attachment joints
42 are dimensioned and configured to break away or separate upon manipulation by a surgeon and may include, for example, perforations, scoring, or other suitable methods of weakening attachment joint
42 to allow for separation by the surgeon. For example, as illustrated in
FIG. 6, attachment joint
42 may include a taper to an
attenuated section 44 which defines a smaller cross section than the remaining sections of attachment joint
42.
Attenuated section 44 allows the surgeon to manipulate
mesh fixation device 10 with less force to detach one of
elongate members 20 from an adjacent
elongate member 20.
Mesh fixation device 10 may be formed through injection molding and may be formed of lactomer based systems or polymers such as, for example, lactides, glycolides, and others including trimethalyne carbonate (TMC, caprolactone, poly dioxanone). Each
elongate member 20 is dimensioned and configured for insertion through a 5 mm port although larger or smaller sized
elongate members 20 may be provided for insertion through openings which are larger or smaller than 5 mm.
During use, a surgeon initially finds or creates an opening in a patient's body through which surgical instruments may be inserted. The surgeon may insert a surgical access portal into the opening to facilitate the maintenance of an insufflated surgical space. Once the surgical site has been prepared a surgeon inserts a
mesh 100 through the opening or access port and aligns the
mesh 100 over a hernia defect “D” and surrounding tissue “T”, as illustrated in
FIG. 6. The surgeon then separates or detaches one of the
elongate members 20 from the
mesh fixation device 10 by twisting or snapping the
attenuated sections 44 which attach the
elongate member 20 to an adjacent
elongate member 20. The surgeon inserts the separated
elongate member 20 through the opening or port and positions the separated
elongate member 20 over a portion of the
mesh 100. The surgeon drives the
legs 30 of the
elongate member 20 through at least a portion of the
mesh 100 such that the
barbed tips 32 enter the tissue disposed beneath the
mesh 100, thereby securing the
mesh 100 to the tissue “T”. The surgeon then repeats the process for each
elongate member 20 until the mesh is secured to tissue “T” in place over the hernia defect “D”.
Although only four
elongate members 40 are illustrated in
FIG. 7, it is contemplated that a larger number of
elongate members 20 or a smaller number of
elongate members 20 may be used for securing
mesh 100. In addition, larger or smaller sized
elongate members 20 may be provided for securing the
mesh 100 to the tissue “T” where, for example, a smaller sized
elongate member 20 may include fewer connecting
members 26, openings,
28, and/or
legs 30.
It is contemplated that only a portion of the
legs 30 of
elongate member 20 may be driven through the
mesh 100 while the remaining portion of
legs 30 are driven only through the tissue “T”. For example, as illustrated in
FIGS. 8 and 9, the
legs 30 of
support member 22 may be driven through the
mesh 100 and tissue “T” while the
legs 30 of
support member 24 are driven only through the tissue “T”. In another example, only a portion of the
legs 30 of
support member 22 are driven through the
mesh 100 and tissue “T” while the remaining portion of
legs 30 of
support member 22 are driven through only tissue “T”. In another example, only a portion of the
legs 30 of each of
support members 22 and
24 are inserted through the
mesh 100 and tissue “T” while the remaining portion of
legs 30 of each of
support members 22 and
24 are inserted only through tissue “T”. In another example, each
leg 30 of
support member 22 is inserted through the
mesh 100 and tissue “T” while only a portion of the
legs 30 of
support member 24 are inserted through
mesh 100 and tissue “T” with the remaining portion of
legs 30 of
support member 24 being inserted only through tissue “T”.
As illustrated in
FIG. 7, opposite
elongate members 20 are aligned substantially parallel to one another when inserted through
mesh 100 and tissue “T” and adjacent
elongate members 20 are aligned substantially perpendicular to one another. It is contemplated the
elongate members 20 may be aligned in other orientations with respect to adjacent and opposite
elongate members 20 where, for example, opposite
elongate members 20 may be angled with respect to one another and adjacent
elongate members 20 may be oriented in a non-perpendicular fashion. Different orientations may be utilized, for example, if
mesh 100 and/or hernia defect “D” is non-uniform in shape, if the location of the hernia defect “D” limits the positioning of the
elongate members 20 and the
mesh 100, or in other similar situations where the
elongate members 20 may need to be positioned in other orientations.
Once
mesh 100 is fixed in place by
elongate members 20, the hernia defect “D” is covered and the surgery is complete. It is contemplated that
elongate members 20 may be sufficiently resilient to bend or flex at least slightly where, for example, after surgery, movement of tissue “T” by the patient relative to the hernia defect “D” such as, for example, by breathing, stretching, or bending, may also flex or bend
elongate members 20 without removing
elongate members 20 from the
mesh 100 or tissue “T”.
With reference to
FIGS. 10-15, in alternate embodiments which are similar to the above embodiment,
elongate members 120 and
220 are disclosed wherein like references numerals identify similar or identical elements. In one embodiment,
mesh fixation system 100A (
FIGS. 10 and 11) includes
elongate members 120 and
bridge members 152. Alternatively,
mesh fixation system 100B (
FIGS. 12 and 13) includes
elongate members 120 and
bridge members 152. Further,
mesh fixation system 200 includes
elongate members 220 and
bridge members 252.
Elongate members 120 and
220 may include any or all of the features described above with regard to elongate
member 20.
As illustrated in
FIGS. 10-13, each
elongate member 120 includes a plurality of
sections 150 each having a pair of
support members 122,
124 and a pair of connecting
members 126. The
support members 122,
124 and connecting
members 126 of each
section 150 define an
opening 128 extending therethrough similar to
openings 28 found in
elongate members 20 above. As with
elongate members 20 above, each
section 150 includes a plurality of
legs 130 extending from
support members 122,
124. Each
section 150 is connected to an
adjacent section 150 by a
bridge member 152.
Bridge members 152 may be substantially aligned with
support members 122,
124 of adjacent sections
150 (
FIGS. 10 and 11), or may extend between connecting
members 126 of adjacent sections
150 (
FIGS. 12 and 13).
Bridge members 152 allow
adjacent sections 150 to move off axis or flex relative to one another during use.
Bridge members 152 may be substantially more flexible than
support members 122,
124. Each
section 150 may also include an attachment joint
140 as described above with regard to
elongate members 20.
During use,
elongate member 120 may be flexed or bent at
bridge members 152 to allow for positioning of
elongate member 120 relative to mesh
100, where
mesh 100 defines, for example, an arcuate or nonlinear edge, such that a greater number of
legs 130 may be inserted through
mesh 100 and into tissue “T” when
elongate member 120 is flexed or bent than when
elongate member 120 is not flexed or bent.
As illustrated in
FIGS. 14 and 15,
elongate member 220 is substantially similar to
elongate member 120 except that the
support members 222 of each
section 250 are substantially longer than the
support members 224 of each
section 250.
Bridge members 252 connect
adjacent support members 222 together to allow
sections 250 to flex or bend relative to
adjacent sections 250. Because
support members 224 of
section 250 are shorter than
support members 222, connecting
members 226 of adjacent
elongate members 220 are angled with respect to one another such that the distance between
adjacent support members 222 is smaller than the distance between
adjacent support members 224 when
elongate member 220 is not flexed or bent. This longer distance between
adjacent support members 224 allows
adjacent sections 250 of
elongate member 220 to flex or bend more than
adjacent sections 150 of
elongate member 120 before adjacent connecting
members 126,
226 come into contact and limit further flexing or bending of
bridge members 152,
252.
Sections 150,
250 may still flex or bend further after contact between adjacent connecting
members 126,
226 occurs.
Although the illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above description, disclosure, and figures should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. It is to be understood, therefore, that the disclosure is not limited to the precise embodiments described herein, and that various other changes and modifications may be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure.