US856623A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

/v/r/vfssES PATENTED JUNE 11, 1907.

A. J. COOPER. r

TURBINB.

LPPLIOATIOH FILED APB. 21, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

FIG. 6.

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I gulf UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEroE.

ALFRED JOPLING COOPER, OF LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND.

TURBINE.

Patented June 11, 1907.

Application led April 21,1906. Serial No. 313,045.

Be it known that I, ALFRED JoPLING OooPEu, a subject of the King of England, residing at Liverpool, in the county of liancaster, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to turbines driven by the force of steam or other motive fluid, duc to the velocity and pressure thereof acting upon the surface of or on the parts of the motor or engine to be revolved; and it has primarily for its objects and effects, to provide a turbine which shall he simple in construction, powerful for a given size, and efficient at varying velocities, and in which the back pressures or nega-tive pressures are obviated.

According to this invention, the turbine comprises a stationary cylinder, preferably7 of relatively large diameter and small width, and a rotatable part, called the rotor, within this cylinder mounted upon a shaft, and having blades or surfaces curved or inclined forward in the direction somewhat of the entrance of steam or motive fluid, and toward the center portion, upon which blades or surfaces the motive l luid is adapted to act and to flowiu a curved or inclined direction to the blades, 'first toward the center, and then past the center, and outward from it toward the periphery, where it is discharged through a siztabc exhaust passage. At the center, the inner ends of the two blades or surfaces will lie on opposite sides of the axis of the revolving part, so that the. steam will pass from the one., after ceasing acting upon it, onto the other at the opposite side.

Examples of the turbine engine according to this invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

ln'thesc drawings, Figures l and 2 are, respectively, outside end, and side elevations; and Figs. 3 and 4 are, respectively, tra-nsverse and vertical sections of a turbine motor according to this invention arranged as a non-re`versing engine. Figs. 5 and 6 are transverse and vertical sections of the turbine motor hereunder, 'arranged and constructed as a reversible engine; and F ig. 7 is a plan in detail of the nozzle inlet port face. Fig. S is a diagrammatic section showing the turbine motor arranged in one form as a compound engine, that is, wherein the motor steam operates first in one cylinder, and then l l i in another, in series. Fig. 9 is a transverse section showing diagrammatically a modified forni of reversible turbine hereunder.

Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to Figs. 1 to 4, l is the outer sta tionary cylinder or casing; and 10 is the internal rotatable part or rotor, which revolves within it, and, in the case shown, consists of a plurality of chambers, with vanes in them.

3 represent the nozzles through which the steam is' introduced through the casing 1 into the rotor 10, of which there are three in the engine shown in these figures; and 4 is the steam chest from which the steam is distributed to the several nozzles, 3. These nozzles are so directed that the jets of steam issuing from them are more or less tangential to the periphery of the rotor 10.

The exhaust ports of the cylinder 1 are designated 5, and discharge into a common exhaust box 7 from which it is taken away, and exhausted either to acondenser, into the atmosphere, or to a second cylinder or engine.

12 are the blades of the rotor 10. They are of curved form, and the curvature from, say, about their centers in a forward direction toward the direction of entrance of steam` 011 the one hand, and toward the center of the rotor on the other; and the steam is admitted to the rotor 10 through ports 13 in the periphery shell, that is, the cylindrical shell of the rotor, which is otherwise closed at its periphery, so that the motor steam strikes the sharp angle of one of the blades 12 at the point of entrance, first, and then the steam is gradually bent or curved round from this nearly tangential direction at the inlet, to a radial direction inward, toward the center of the rotor, at which point it-n the steam-flows from the inner end of the one blade toward and onto the inner end of the other, and then in a reverse curved direction over this blade toward the periphery of the rotor, from whence it passes by the other of the ports 13 (which serve both as inlet and exhaust ports) out through the exhaust ports 5 of the cylinder 1.

The inlet nozzles or ports 3, and the ex haust ports 5 of the cylinder 1, are relatively so arranged in the case shown-, which is an advantageous one-that when the port 13 of the rotor taking steam is opposite the nozzles 3, the other port 13 on the opposite side of the rotor, will not be open to the exhaust IOO ports 5. That is, the steam is admitted while the exhaust port is closed, but the exhaust is opened very soon after the inlet takes place.

In the case shown, the rotor l() consists of three separate chambers in parallel, built or constructed in any suitable or convenient way; the outer chambers being separated from the center one by partitions 15, and closed at their ends by walls or plates 16.

The shaft 17 of the engine or turbine is preferably fixed by flanges onto the outside of the end plates 16, as shown, er in any snitable way, so as not to interfere with the flow of the steam in passing from the first vane 12 onto the other, in traversing the center portion of the rotor.

The vanes of the different chambers` of the rotor are set at diiierent points around the center, so as to suppl)T the steam to it from the several nozzles at different points in its circumference and revolution, and so to dis tribute as equally as possible the turning er rotating pressure and effect of the steam on the rotor as a whole.

In some cases, the ports 13 have extending from them in a direction away, or in front of the blades 12, a narrow extension portion or Slot 14, by which a diminished quantity of steam would be supplied to the rotor, after the main or larger portion 13 of the port has passed the nozzles. These ports are shown clearly in Figs. 3 and 4.

In passing through the rotor 10, the force of the steam is fully absorbed by first having to act upon one of the blades 12, in one direction of curvature, and then by acting upon the second blade of the reverse curvature, and traversingr it. At the points at which it is discharged through the ports 13 or 14 into the cylinder exhaust ports 5, it will be arranged that its propulsive power is practically utilized; but if, as in cases where high pressure are used, or cylinders are small, the force of the steam may not be expended, then it may be utilized to propel other engines as in the case shown in Fig. 8, or otherwise, as may be desired.

Referring to the type of reversible turbine shown in Figs. 5 and G, in this case there are two sets of blades 12 on each side of the center of the rotor, the outer ends of which are adjacent to each other, and the inner ends of the one set, for driving in one direction, and those for driving in the opposite direction, meet, and are joined up, as shown. In this case, two sets of steam inlet ports 3 are used, and the steam is distributed to one or other of the sets of ports by a valve 1S, which is moved over the port face 2() within the chest 4. When the valve is at one end of this chest, one set of ports or nozzles are open, and the other closed, while when at the other, the opposite set are open and the other shut; while, when it is in the center,

j both are closed. This valve 18 practically I consists of a simple plate, to which an operating rod 19 is conne l. l The astern and ahead7 ports or nozzles are arranged side by side in connection with each portion of the rotor 10 with which they respectively act, so that the extended portion 14 of the ports 13 for going, say ahead, will not be acted upon by steam used for driving astern, and vice versa. l This relative arrangement is shown clearly by j'the drawings. In this case, the extended portions 14 of the ports 13 are each in the l form of a groove, in the barrel or shell of the rotor, it being deepest and of the greatest l area where it runs into the port 13, and shallowing off toward its extremity or outer end. In this reversible engine shown in Figs. 5 to 7, two sets of exhaust ports 5 are employed in the casing 1; one in connection wlth the set of blades 12 for driving the engine in one way; and the other set of blades, as Will be understood; thc relative arrangement between the inlet nozzles or ports 3, and the discharge ports 5 of the cylinder case 1, being similar to that set out with reference to Figs. 1 to 4, for the purpose and objects therein l explained.

Referring now to the compound arrangement of turbine motor shown in Fig. 8,\Vhich is a tandem arrangement, there is used in connection with the primary cylinder 1 and rotor 10, a second and larger cylinder 2 and l rotor 1 1; the second cylinder and rotor being identical in form with the primary one and the exhaust passage or port 5 being so arranged that the steam discharged from 1 into this port, is directed by it in the form of jets in a more or less tangential direction to the rotor 11, as shown in Fig. S. The steam in passing through this Isecond rotor 11 acts on the blades therein, similarly as in the rotor 10, and exhausts through the exhaust ports 6 thereof, similarly as the steam exhausts from the first rotor 10 into the port or passage 5.

With regard to the modified form of reversing engine shown in Fig. 9, supplementary steam inlet ports or nozzles 8 are used in it, the main steam inlet nozzles or ports 3 bel ing provided and arranged in the manner already described. The inlet port or ports 8 l is or are so arranged that the jets from them l flow and impinge in the angular space be tween the backs of the blades 12 and the inside surface of the shell of the rotor, and act by direct impact pressure into these spaces, which may be filled with metal, more or less in the manner indicated by the shaded parti l l ,l An inlet port 9 for the steam is provided in j this barrel or shell of the rotor l0 behind these portions of the blade which are acted l upon by the jets supplied through the nozj zles 8 and the steam after acting or impinvl ing on the rotor, is discharged throng tle IOO IOS

IIO

exhaustvport {fin-'the cylindei-Tl. Otherl tioned blade is secured, said second blade bewise, the motor is precisely similar to that i ing of opposite curve to the first blade and shown in Figs. 1 to 1. extending inwardly to the diameter of the It is to be noted that these ports or noz- 1 rotor and to one side of the center thereof. zles 8 for the astern or reverse driving of the 2. The herein described improved turbine, engine in Fig. 9 will preferably be of much l namel a turbine having Within it a rotary greater area than those for driving ahead. portion comprising a cylinder with ports in In the turbine herein described, it will be its periphery for the inlet and outlet of the noted that the steam is not continuously steam to and from it, on o posite sides, and flowing into and acting on portions of the l with two sets of curved b ades of opposite rotor l0, but is admitted to and acting on the l curvature, extending between the periphery, propellingr portions of same, iu puffs or for j at each side of said Orts, and the center, and short sections of its revolution; and then is two sets of motor llliliid inlet nozzles in oppocut ofl", and allowed to pass through the rotor; site directions; substantially as and for the and act upon the blades therein, and produce purposes set forth. the rotative or propelling effect in its flow 3. A turbine comprising a casing, a rotor over them, and through the rotor, as herein l therein having ports 13 in its periphery and described. And the duration and extent of elongated openings 14 extending circumferthe supply of motive fluid is governed by the entially from said ports 13. shell of the rotor itself; that is, the steam is 4. A turbine comprising a rotor consisting admitted and cut off automatically by the l of a cylindrical shell having arallel artiperiphery of the rotor, which thus acts as a f tions therein forming a plura ity of c aintrue supply and cut oil' valve to the supply of l bers, each of said chambers having inlet and fluid. I outlet ports therein and curved plates in each lVhat is claimed is chamber extending from the periphery to a 1. A turbine comprising a casing having l point near the center, said plates in the difinlet and exhaust ports therein, a rotor in ferent chambers being spaced apart circumsaid casing, said rotor being in the form of a ferentially, one in advance of the other. casing and having inlet and exhaust ports In testimony whereof I have signed my therein, a curved blade connected to the e- 1 name to this specification in the presence of riphery of the rotor and extending inwar ly two subscribing Witnesses. to the diameter of the rotor and to one side l ALFRED JOPLIN G COOPER of the center thereof, and a second blade con- I l/Vitnesses:

nected to the periphery of the rotor on the F. H. BARKER,

side opposite to that which the first men- RICHARD F. RIGBY.

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