US855730A

US855730A - Power-hammer.

Info

Publication number: US855730A
Application number: US29123405A
Authority: US
Inventors: Oliver B Reynolds
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1905-12-11
Filing date: 1905-12-11
Publication date: 1907-06-04
Anticipated expiration: 1924-06-04

Description

PATENT'ED JUNE 4, 1907. 0. B. REYNOLDS. POWER HAMMER; APPLICATION I'IL ZII) DEO.11, 1906;

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PATBNTED JUNE 4, 1907.

'0. B. REYNOLDS. POWER HAMMER. APPLIIOATION FILED 30.11, 1905.

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OLIVER B. REYNOLDS, OF ELGIN, ILLINOIS.

POWER-HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 4, 1907.

Application filed December 11, 1905. Serial No. 291,234.

To all 11/72/0711 it may concern.

Be it known that I, OLIVER B. REY- NOLDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Elgin, in the county of Kane and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Power-Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in machine hammers, especially of the power-driven crank type, and it consists, essentially, in providing such machine with means which constitute an improved adjustable connection between the power devices and the pitman head whereby the stroke of the hammer or ram may be varied to accommodate work of different thicknesses; and in a novel form of flexible or link connection, between the hammer or ram and the pitman head, with means for obtaining a varied compression of the spring and a more perfect, long and powerful stroke, said means operating to compress the spring less at substantially the completion of the downward stroke than on the completion of the upward stroke, as I will hereinafter describe.

The invention also consists of the parts and the constructions and combinations of parts which I will hereinafter describe and claim.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, and in which similar reference numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views,Figure 1, is a front elevation of a power hammer embodying my invention. Fig. 2, is 'an enlarged front elevation of the upper portion of the hammer detached showing portions broken away. Fig. 3, is a plan view of the links 40 showing one of the arms 15 and push bars 41 in cross section. Fig. 4, is a detail in side elevation of the adjustable pitman head, showing the wrist pin sleeve in position. Fig. 5, represents the wrist pin sleeve detached. 6, is a plan view of the nut or flange which removably fits the wristpin sleeve Fig. 7, is an edge view of the shoe. Fig. 8, is a plan view of Fig. 7. Fig. 9, represents a portion of the lever 30. Fig. 10,. is a perspective view of the wedge 29. Fig. 11, is a detail of the device for locking the adjusting nut 35.

In carrying out my invention I propose applying the several improvements to any of the conventional forms of power hammers therefore I do not limit my invention to the precise form of hammer shown. For present purposes and to make the invention fully understood, I have shown a well known form of hammer in which the frame 10 is a casting of a type common to many machines, having in its upper portion suitable guides for a reciprocal hammer or ram 11, said frame or casting having, also, an appropriate anvil 12 between which and the ram the work is placed to be operated on by the joint action of the two.

The first portion of my invention has reference to means for adjustably connecting the crank disk with the pitman head, which means I have shown by the enlarged view, Fig. 2, wherein the said pitman head 13 has its ends provided with bearings for pins 14 which connect said head with arms 15 which I will hereinafter describe. The central portion of the pitman head 13 is provided with an elongated opening 16 one wall of which is provided with teeth forming a rack surface 17; and through this open center of the pitman head extends the crank pin 18 of the disk.

around which passes the driving belt 21.

This belt may be constantly running loose on I the pulley in which case it will be controlled by a belt tightener 22 to be operated by any of the well known methods.

On that portion of the crank pin 18 which extends through the open center of the pitman head, is a sleeve 26 having a segmental gear portion 24 adapted to mesh with the aforesaid rack surface 17 in or on the wall of the opening 16, said sleeve having a fixed flange or collar 25 at one end and having a threaded portion at the opposite end-adapted to receive the nut or flange 26 (Fig. 6) said nut or flange and the fixed flange of the sleeve cooperating with the outer sides of the pitman head to hold the sleeve in place against longitudinal movement. The diameter of the opening 16 in the pitman head is in excess of the diameter of the sleeve, and in said opening and between the sleeve and the-wall of the opening opposite to the rack surface, is placed a shoe 27 (Figs. 7 and 8) one face of which is concaved to conform to the curvature of the outside of the sleeve while the opposite face is straight to fit the adjacent straight wall of the opening, said straight face being channeled transversely at 2 8 to receive a wedge-shaped block 29 (Fig. 10) which extends beyond the end of the shoe and the end of the sleeve and is connected to a lever 30 pivoted to the pitman head at 31 and extending outwardly to within easy reach of an operator whereby the wedge may be operated to substantially lock the sleeve to the rack surface 17, and to allow the sleeve to be quickly adjusted vertically in the opening relative to the thickness of the work or to increase or decrease the length of the stroke or amplitude of the ham mer or ram.

The connections heretofore described constitute a simple and quickly operable adj usting means for varying the length of the stroke of ram relative to the work. It is also evident that my flexible pitman, t. e. a pitman made flexible by a spring, or springs, allows the ram or hammer to travel a greater distance than the crank disk would move the ram if the connection between the crank pin and pitman head was not flexible. The flexible pitman not only increases the length of travel of the ram but it alsoenables me to place substantially different thicknesses of work between the ram and anvil.

The second important feature of improvement in my present invention relates to a means whereby I am enabled to obtain a varied compression of the spring and a. more perfect long and powerful stroke, and a movement which compresses the spring less on substantially the completion of the downward stroke than on substantially the completion of the upward stroke. To make this phase of the invention apparent, I will state I that the more a coiled spring is compressed the greater the resistance it will exert, while less compression of the spring insures less resistance. Now if I compress the spring 31 shown in my drawings less on the final part of thedownward stroke of the ram or hammer than on the final part of the upward stroke thereof, there must result less resistance of the spring on this part of the down- Ward movement of the ram than on the corresponding upward movement. As the downward movement of the ram is checked and limited by the ram and anvil contacting with the work, all the resistance that is actually required of the spring is only enough to quickly lift the ram from the Work, but on the final part of the upward travel of the ram, through the geared rack-and-sleeve connections described, the spring must present suflicient resistance to stop the continued upward travel thereof after the crank pin has completed its upward travel. I therefore contemplate so constructing the parts of my machine that the resistance of the spring 31 will be so varied that the'force of the blow will not be checked by compressing the spring substantially more than-is required on the final part of the. downward vary within reasonable limits without'materially altering the scope of the invention, and

fixed centrally to, or in, the underside of the pitman head and passing loosely through an opening in the center of a sliding head 33. This head carries an externally threaded tubular portion 34 through which the stud or post 32 also passes, whereby the part 34 forms along guide and bearing for said post; and the tension of the spring 31 may be adjusted at pleasure by means of a follower or nut 35 on the threaded tubular extension of said head and bearing up under the spring. When the desired tension is obtained, the nut is locked and held immovable by some appropriate means as by a pin 36 on the free end of a spring plate 37 fixed to the sliding head and adapted to engage suitable holes 38 formed around the nut or follower.

The arms 15 previously described as being journaled in the ends of the pitman head,

have their lower ends bifurcated or forked, and pins 39 extend transversely through said forked ends and through the outer ends of the links 40 and push bars 41, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 6.

The push bars form the connection between the sliding head 33 and the arms, and the links form the connection between the arms and the hammer or ram. The links have their inner ends fitting one Within the other and they pivot upon a single bolt placed centrally in the hammer or ram; and the push bars diverge downwardly from the sliding head, the outer ends of said links and push bars being contained within the forked lower portions of the arms 15.

On the outer ends of the links 40 are formed rigid hub portions 42 and these are made in the form of eccentrics therefore I shall hereinafter refer to these parts as eccentrics hubs. These hubs fit corresponding openings in the lower ends of the push bars, and While the meeting ends of the links, push barsand the arms 15 are connected by the pins 39 the eccentric hubs are journaled to turn in their bearings in the bars and to exert a pushing upward action on said bars to partially compress the spring 31 when the downward movement of the pitman head and the arms 15, plus the impact of the blow struck by the hammer, cause the links 40 to -move about their pivotal center 44 and their outer ends to assume a positionmomentarily below the horizontal plane of said pivotal center.

crank pin 18. l/Vhen the pitman head and arms 15 are moving downward and about the time the crank pin has completed its downward travel and the blow is about to be struck, the inner ends of the links 40 are flexed downward, below the plane of the single pivot bolt 44 about which the links turn, which movement results in the lower ends of the arms 15 being drawn inward. toward each other; and as the lower ends of the push bars journal upon the rigid eccentric hubs 42 the thinner portions of the hubs or the portions having the least eccentricity are turned upwardly relative to the push bars and through the sliding head 33 and the nut or follower 35 compressing the spring 31 only substantially enough to cause it to quickly raise the ham mer from the work at the completion of the blow. Then the sliding head 33 is thus only slightly moved upwardly by the downward movement of the inner or pivoted ends of the links, or when the links 40 are flexed downwardly and the pivotal point 44 is below the plane of the pins 39, the spring 31 is not com pressed as much as it is when the links are flexed upwardly, because the push bars be ing mounted on the eccentric hubs of the links, when the inner ends of the links are moved downward, the centers of the eccen tric hubs are at lower points than when the links are in line with each other and with the single pivot bolt; and when the inner ends of the links are moved upwardly, the thicker or more eccentric portions of the hubs are turned upwardly or in other words the centers of the eccentrics are at a higher point.

By locating the holes in the eccentric hubs a greater or less distance from the true center of the hubs, makes the diflerence between the compression of the spring on the downward and upward movement of the ram vary more or less.

By my described arrangement of parts, the spring is compressed less on the final art of the downward stroke than on the mal partof the upward stroke, when the travel of the ram is the same in each direction.

In my construction of pitman, the inner ends of the links pivot from one bolt or center, therefore the pitman pivots from one center at each end and the angle of the two links is the same relative to the other parts of the pitman, at all positions of the links. As a general rule power hammers, as far as I am aware, have the inner ends of the links pivoted from two centers therefore the movement of the pitman is not nearly so perfect.

To fully understand the function of my flexible pitman and the statement that the spring 31 is compressed less in one direction of the travel of the ram than in the other, the following facts should be kept in view: First, that when the crank pin is at its lowest point, the die of the ram should not come within two-and-one-half or three inches of the die scribed construction enables the ram to con tinue its movement after the crank pin has completed its movement in that direction and has turned to move in the opposite direction, therefore it can be said that the ram travels a greater distance than the throw of the crank pin. Third, that the force of the blow and the travel of the ram varies with the speed of the machine. Fourth, that when the ram is at rest, the inner ends of the links 40 are, because of the weight of the ram, at a lower plane than the outer ends therefore the thicker portions of the eccentric hubs are turned downwardly, and the spring 31 is under but little compression. Now when the machine is started to make the ram strike the work, this condition of the links, i. e., flexed downwardly, will be preserved as the links andram move together in the same direction. As the ram because of the link connections has a greater travel than that which is given to it by the crank pin, it is manifest that this increase of travel occurs when the crank pin has completed its movement in the direction the ram is traveling and has commenced to move in the opposite direction, this increased travel of the ram occurring during the final part of the 'upward and downward stroke thereof, this increased travel of the ram resulting in an increase in the force of the blow struck when the ram is traveling downward; and this increased travel of the ram in an upward direction is retarded by the spring 31 which is compressed more on the upward travel of the ram than on the downward travel thereof.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,

1. In a power'hammer the combination of a hammer or ram, a driver therefor, hammer suspending means including a pitman head, said head having an open center, and interengaging toothed members between the driver and the pitman head for adjusting the throw of the hammer, said members including a toothed sleeve mounted in the open center of the pitman head, a rack surface on said head engaged by the sleeve, and means for locking the sleeve in position.

2. In a power hammer thecombination of a hammer or ram, hammer suspending means, a power-driven wrist-pin member, a sleeve on said member having a toothed surface, a toothed surface on a member of the suspending means engaged by said sleeve, and means whereby the sleeve maybe adj usted to vary the throw of the hammer, and

means for locking the sleeve in its adjusted position.

3. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of a pitman head having an open center provided with a rack surface, a wrist pin extending through said open center of the head, a sleeve turnable on said pin having teeth to engage said rack surface, and means for locking the sleeve in its adjusted position.

4. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of a pitman head having an open center, provided with a rack surface, a wrist-pin passing through the open center of the head, a sleeve on said pin having teeth to engage the rack surface, said sleeve being turnable on the wrist pin to vary the throw of the hammer, and means for fixedly securing the sleeve in its adjusted position.

5. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of a pitman head having a central opening, a wrist-pin operable in said opening, a sleeve on the pin, said sleeve having teeth and a wall of the opening having a rack surface engaged thereby, said sleeve being adjustable relative to the rack surface to vary the throw of the hammer andmeans disposed between the sleeve and a wall of said central opening for locking the sleeve to the rack surface after adjustment.

6. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of a pitman head having a central opening provided with a rack surface, a wrist-pin operable in said opening and provided with a loose sleeve, said sleeve having teeth to engage said rack surface and being adjustable relative thereto to vary the throw of the hammer, a shoe in the opening between the wall thereof and said sleeve, a wedge and a wedge-operating means for locking the sleeve in its adjusted position to said head.

7. In a power hammer, the combination with a suspended hammer, of a pitman head therefor said head having an opening in its central portion, a wrist pin extending through said opening, a sleeve mounted on the pin said sleeve having a portion of its surface provided with teeth and one of the walls of said opening having a rack to be engaged by said teeth, flanges at opposite ends of the sleeve for holding it against longitudinal movement, one of said flanges being rigid. with the sleeve and the other flange removably secured, a shoe bearing upon the sleeve, and a wedge and operating lever for moving the shoe to lock the adjusted sleeve to said head.

8. In a power hammer, the combination with the hammer and the hammer operating means, of a pitman head interposed therebetween, a spring contacting withthe pitman head, flexible connections between the pitman head and hammer, and other connections including eccentric members and push bars between the first-named connections and the spring, whereby a superior compression of the spring is obtained during the final part of the upward travel of the hammer and an inferior compression is obtained during the final part of the downward travel of said hammer. s

9. In a power hammer, the combination of a hammer, hammer operating means, a

pitman head, a spring contacting with the pitman head, a flexible connection between the head and the hammer and connections between the hammer and the spring said last-named connections including eccentric members turnable by and in unison with the reciprocations of the hammer and adapted to compress the spring to a lesser extent on the final part of the movement of the hammer in a downward direction than on the corresponding part of the upward. movement thereof.

10. In a power hammer the combination with the hammer and hammer operating means, of a pitman head, arms depending therefrom, links connecting with the outer ends of said arms, a single bolt pivotally connecting the inner ends of said links to the hammer whereby said ends move together in the same direction, a slidably mounted head and a spring or cushion between the same and the pitman head, and bars connecting the outer ends of the links with the slidable head said links having eccentric hub portions operating upon the rods to move them in the direction of their length and said hubs adapted to cause the bars to compress the spring to a greater extent on the final portion of the upward movement of the hammer than on the final portion of the downward movement.

11. In a power hammer, the combination of a hammer or ram, oppositely extending links having overlapping inner ends pivoted at a single point to the hammer said links having eccentric hub portions at their outer ends, pivoted arms to which the outer ends of the links are connected, a pitman head connecting the arms, means for operating thepitman head, a post depending from the pitman head, a slidable head guided on the post, a spring surrounding the 0st and confined between the pitman head and slidable head, and bars connected to the slidable head and extending to and journaled on the eccentric hubs of the links, said hubs, when the links are flexed downward, operating through the bars to compress the spring less on the final portion of the downward movement of the hammer than on the final portion of the upward movement thereof.

12. In a power hammer the combination with the hammer and complementary hammer suspending means including a pitman head, links depending therefrom oppositely extending links having their outer ends pivotally connected to the first-named links, said second links having their inner ends pivoted to the hammer by a single pivot and having eccentric portions on their outer ends, a spring in the hammer connections, a slidably mounted head operating upwardly against said spring, and push bars having lower portions mounted on the eccentric portions of the links and having upper ends connected to the slidable head, said eccentric portions so arranged that the downward flexure of the links will enable the bars to move downwardly and the spring to be compressed less than when the links are flexed upwardly.

13. In a power hammer the combination with the hammer and complementary hammer suspending means including a pitrnan head, links depending therefrom oppositely extending links having their outer ends pivotally connected to the first-named links, said second links having their inner ends pivoted to the hammer by a single pivot and having eccentric portions on their outer ends, a spring in the hammer connections, a slid- OLIVER B. REYNOLDS.

Witnesses:

H. M. WARREN, G. E. HAWTHORNE.