US8498284B2 - Method and apparatus for enhancing RLC for flexible RLC PDU size - Google Patents
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Definitions
- This application is related to wireless communications.
- the Layer 2 radio interface protocols include medium access control (MAC) and radio link control (RLC) protocols.
- MAC medium access control
- RLC radio link control
- the RLC protocol in Layer 2 has a big impact on the latency and throughput of data.
- the RLC protocol in 3GPP legacy systems, including Release 6 and earlier, is physically located in the radio network controller (RNC) node.
- RNC radio network controller
- AM acknowledged mode
- UM unacknowledged mode
- TM transparent mode
- AM acknowledge mode
- UM unacknowledged mode
- TM transparent mode
- AM acknowledge mode
- UM unacknowledged mode
- TM transparent mode
- the RLC protocol is bi-directional, such that status and control information is sent from Rx RLC entity to Tx RLC entity.
- TM and UM operation which includes the transmission of some control plane radio resource control (RRC) signaling data
- RRC radio resource control
- the RLC protocol is unidirectional, such that the Tx RLC entity and Rx RLC entity are independent with no status and control information exchanged.
- RRC radio resource control
- some of the functions such as HARQ assisted ARQ and error detection and recovery are typically used only in AM operation.
- the RLC PDU sizes are determined by the RRC layer based on the long term quality of service (QoS) requirements of the application data carried by the RLC logical channels.
- QoS quality of service
- the RLC layer is configured on a semi-static basis by the RRC layer with predetermined RLC PDU sizes.
- the RLC PDU size is fixed on a semi-static basis by upper layers and sequence numbers (SNs) are assigned to the RLC PDUs.
- AM data RLC PDUs are numbered by modulo integer sequence numbers (SNs) cycling through the field 0 to 4095.
- the RLC PDU types are DATA, CONTROL and STATUS.
- the DATA PDU is used to transfer user data, piggybacked STATUS information and the polling bit when RLC is operating in AM, where the polling bit is used to request a status report from the receiver.
- the CONTROL PDU is used for RLC RESET and RESET acknowledgement (ACK) commands.
- the STATUS PDU is used to exchange status information between two RLC entities operating in AM and can include super-fields (SUFIs) of different types including, for example, the Window Size SUFI and the Move Receiving Window (MRW) SUFI.
- SUFIs super-fields
- MMW Move Receiving Window
- a transmission window refers to the group of PDUs that are being processed for transmission or are being transmitted currently.
- the reception window generally refers to the group of PDUs being received or processed at the receiver.
- the transmission or reception window size typically refers to a number of PDUs that are being transmitted or received, respectively, by the system.
- the transmission and reception window sizes need to be managed using flow control in order not to overload the system and incur undesirable packet loss rates. Generally speaking, once a PDU has been successfully received at the receiver, a new PDU may be added to the transmission and/or reception window.
- An RLC transmission window is composed of a lower bound and an upper bound.
- the lower bound consists of the SN of the PDU with lowest SN transmitted and the upper bound consists of the SN of the PDU with the highest SN transmitted.
- the RLC is configured with a maximum transmission window size, such that the maximum number of PDUs transmitted from the lower bound to the upper bound should not exceed the maximum window size.
- the RLC reception window is similarly configured.
- the lower bound of the RLC reception window is the SN following that of the last in-sequence PDU received and the upper bound is the SN of the PDU with the highest sequence number received.
- the reception window also has maximum window size, where the maximum expected PDU SN is equal to the lower bound SN plus the maximum configured window size.
- the transmission and reception windows are managed using transmission and reception state variables, respectively, as described hereinafter.
- RNC/Node B flow control refers to the procedures to minimize the downlink data buffered in the Node B.
- data destined for a UE flows from the Core Network (CN) through a source radio network controller (SRNC) and a Node B, and a drift radio network controller (DRNC) in a drift situation where the UE is handed off to a cell with a different radio network subsystem (RNS).
- SRNC source radio network controller
- DRNC drift radio network controller
- the Node B grants allocation credits to the SRNC, and DRNC under drift, allowing the SRNC to send an equivalent number of PDUs to the Node B, such that the RNC can not send more PDUs until more credits are granted.
- RLC flow control refers to the managing of packet transfer, including window size, between the Tx RLC entity and the Rx RLC entity.
- RLC status reporting allows the receiver to report status information to the transmitter when polled by the transmitter.
- RLC protocol parameters for flow control are signaled by upper layers to the RLC layer, including the following parameters:
- RLC layer along with various RLC state variables for flow control in order to configure transmission and reception window size.
- RLC state variables depend on SNs.
- RLC transmitter state variables are affected by SNs:
- VT(S), VT(A), VT(MS), VR(R), VR(H) and VR(MR) depend on one or more SNs.
- the following RLC receiver state variables are also affected by SNs:
- RLC radio link control
- HSPA+ high speed packet access evolution
- LTE long term evolution
- RLC packet data unit (PDU) size is allowed
- RLC PDU sizes are not fixed, radio network controller (RNC)/Node B flow control, RLC flow control, status reporting and polling mechanisms do not only depend on sequence numbers (SNs) or number of PDUs, but are configured to use byte count abased methods.
- SNs sequence numbers
- PDUs byte count abased methods.
- the proposed byte count based methods for the RLC apply to both uplink and downlink communications.
- FIG. 1 shows a structure of a super-field (SUFI) in an RLC STATUS packet data unit (PDU);
- SUFI super-field
- PDU packet data unit
- FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a RNC/Node B flow control using a byte-based credit allocation in accordance with the teaching herein;
- FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram of an RLC transmission (Tx) window update in accordance with the teaching herein;
- FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram of an RLC reception (Rx) window update in accordance with the teaching herein;
- FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram for enhanced octet-based RLC PDU creation in accordance with the teachings herein.
- wireless transmit/receive unit includes but is not limited to a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a computer, or any other type of user device capable of operating in a wireless environment.
- base station includes but is not limited to a Node-B, a site controller, an access point (AP), or any other type of interfacing device capable of operating in a wireless environment.
- RLC radio link control
- PDU packet data unit
- the proposed enhancements enable efficient operation of RLC functions when RLC PDU size is flexible, improving legacy RLC functions based on sequence numbers (SNs) that were designed for fixed RLC PDU size.
- the proposed RLC enhancements apply to both uplink (UE to Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)) and downlink (UTRAN to UE) communications, and may be used in any wireless communication system including, but not limited to, high speed packet access evolution (HSPA+), long term evolution (LTE) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems.
- HSPA+ high speed packet access evolution
- LTE long term evolution
- WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
- UTRAN is equivalent to evolution UTRAN (E-UTRAN).
- the proposed RLC enhancements may be used in architecture where the RLC operates either fully in the Node B, or partially in the RNC and partially in the Node-B.
- the proposed RLC enhancements are principally described herein with reference to HSPA+. Many functions and parameters are based on functions and parameters for HSDPA and HSUPA and may be understood in conjunction with 3GPP technical specifications (TSs) including the 3GPP RLC Protocol Specification for Release 7 (see 3GPP TS 25.322 V. 7.2.0) which is incorporated herein. It is assumed that the RLC can be configured by the higher layers to support flexible PDU size with a specified maximum RLC PDU payload size. It also assumed that the maximum RLC PDU size may be inferred from the specified maximum RLC PDU payload size. Alternatively, the maximum RLC PDU size may be directly specified. Also, the terms bytes and octets are used interchangeably, as well as terms transmitter and sender.
- One or more of the following metrics may be used, alone or in combination, for defining and managing window size when flexible RLC PDU size is configured by the RRC:
- the metric(s) used for window definition are signaled and negotiated during RRC setup, configuration and reconfiguration procedures for the radio bearer.
- the metric(s) for window size listed hereinbefore may be applied in all messaging that updates the window for flow control during a connection.
- the window size metrics may be included in the Window Size super-field (SUFI) and Move Receiving Window (MRW) SUFI in RLC CONTROL or STATUS PDUs.
- SUFI Window Size super-field
- MMW Move Receiving Window
- any one or more of the following information may be provided by the RRC to the RLC to signal the use of flexible RLC PDU size:
- a Window Size Super Field used by the receiver to configure the window size of the transmitter, is configured to provide an octet quantity.
- This enhancement is used when flexible RLC PDU size mode is set by RRC as described above, and may be specified in two ways:
- Enhancements to RNC/Node B flow control are described herein for the case where the RLC entity is retained in the RNC. However, similar enhancements may be defined where the RLC entity is in the RNC and the Node B.
- a data MAC (MAC-d) entity may be retained in the RNC to receive RLC PDUs and forward them to the high speed MAC (MAC-hs) entity in the NodeB after applying appropriate header information.
- the Node B sends capacity allocation frames to a serving RNC (SRNC), and possibly control RNC (CRNC), indicating the maximum PDU size and number of PDUs that can be sent. Additionally, parameters can be sent so that the allocation is periodic for a fixed number of periods or for an indefinite period of time.
- SRNC serving RNC
- CRNC control RNC
- the number of MAC PDUs sent from the RNC to the Node B and the corresponding time interval for transmission is regulated by a flow control algorithm, which is based upon a credit allocation scheme. Credits represent the number of MAC-d PDUs that may be transmitted.
- the RNC requests credits and the Node B grants them along with a specified time interval for transmission.
- the MAC-d PDU size is therefore also variable. Thus, it is insufficient to specify the number of credits in terms of the number of MAC-d PDUs.
- One possibility is to eliminate RNC/Node B flow control, however, this would require relying on user data protocols such as transport control protocol (TCP) to do the flow control for the network, and additionally handle the interaction between the TCP window and the RLC window.
- TCP transport control protocol
- the credit allocation can be specified in bytes instead of in number of PDUs, which can be done in two ways.
- a new field may be added to existing frames to specify the number of bytes of credits instead of the number of PDUs.
- an indication can be signaled at radio bearer setup or reconfiguration, or in each applicable control frame using an existing control frame or a new control frame, which indicates that the allocation is actually a byte allocation by multiplying the credit by the maximum PDU size in bytes producing a byte total. Accordingly, the maximum number of PDUs that can be transferred from the RNC to the Node B would not equal the signaled credit in terms of a number of PDUs, but would be limited by the total number of bytes in the PDUs.
- the RNC may optionally maintain a mapping of the PDU SN to its length in bytes. Once the RNC receives the credit allocation from the Node B, it is allowed to transmit as many PDUs as it can without violating the byte length constraint specified by the new byte-length based credit allocation.
- FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a RNC/Node B flow control using a byte-based credit allocation.
- a Node B signals a credit allocation in bytes (step 205 ).
- An RNC receives the credit allocation in bytes (step 210 ).
- the RNC maintains a mapping of PDU SN to PDU length in bytes (step 220 ), and transmits PDUs without exceeding the received credit allocation (step 220 ).
- RLC flow control is achieved by advancing the RLC Tx window when the PDU at the lower end of the utilized transmission (Tx) window is positively acknowledged, and thus received correctly, while still staying within the limits imposed by the maximum window size.
- the PDU at the lower end of the Tx window is defined as the PDU following the last in-sequence PDU acknowledged. For the case when flexible RLC PDU size is configured, appropriate steps should be taken so that the maximum window size limit is not violated.
- the Tx window size is specified in terms of bytes.
- FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram for a method for updating an RLC transmission (Tx) window 300 .
- an RLC Tx operation is executed (step 305 ).
- An RLC Tx operation may be, for example, the reception of status and control information form the RLC receiver.
- the RLC Tx entity decides whether or not to remove one or more PDUs from the utilized Tx window and increase the lower end the utilized Tx window (step 310 ).
- One or more PDUs may be removed if:
- the RLC Tx entity determines if the WL quantity is less than the maximum window size TxWMAX (step 320 ). If WL is not less than TxWMAX, then the next one or more PDUs are not transmitted and the upper end of the window is not increased (step 325 ). If WL is less than TxWMAX, then the next one or more PDUs are transmitted and the upper end of the window is increased (step 330 ).
- FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram of a method for updating an RLC reception (Rx) window 400 in accordance with the teachings herein.
- Rx RLC reception
- An RLC Rx operation is executed (step 405 ).
- An RLC Rx operation may be, for example, the reception of a new PDU.
- the RLC Rx entity decides whether or not to increase the lower end the Rx window (step 410 ).
- the RLC Rx entity may increase the lower end of its Rx window and thereby decrease RxWUTIL if:
- the RLC Rx entity determines if the WL quantity is less than the maximum window size RxWMAX (step 420 ). If WL is not less than RxWMAX, then the next PDU(s) are not received and the upper end of the Rx window is not increased (step 425 ). If WL is less than RxWMAX, then the next PDU(s) are received, without discarding the PDU with a SN following that of the highest received SN, and the upper end of the Rx window is increased ( 430 ).
- AM data RLC PDUs are numbered by modulo integer sequence numbers (SN) cycling through a field.
- SN modulo integer sequence numbers
- this field ranges from 0 to 4095, although a different maximum value may be configured by the RRC or other upper layers.
- arithmetic operations on VT(S), VT(A), VT(MS), VR(R), VR(H) and VR(MR) are affected by the SN modulus.
- a parameter or state variable Maximum_Tx_Window_Size in octets may be maintained by the RLC transmitter. This parameter is initially set equal to the protocol parameter Configured_Tx_Window_Size in octets sent by the upper layers, and may be updated later to an octet quantity indicated by the Window Size SUFI in a RLC STATUS PDU.
- the state variable VT(WS) may be derived from the Maximum_Tx_Window_Size in octets, and may be set equal to the largest non-negative integer not greater than 4095 (or a maximum value configured by RRC/upper layers), such that the octet length of the window bounded by VT(A) and VT(A)+VT(WS) does not exceed the Maximum_Tx_Window_Size in octets.
- the state variable VT(WS) is updated when the Maximum_Tx_Window_Size in octets is updated.
- the state variable VT(WS) may be derived as the largest non-negative integer not greater than 4095 (or a maximum value configured by RRC/upper layers), such that the octet length of the window bounded by VT(A) and VT(A)+VT(WS) does not exceed:
- the state variable VR(MR) is a SN derived from the Configured_Rx_Window_Size in octets sent by upper layers, such that the length in octets of the window bounded by VR(R) and VR(MR) is as large as possible but not exceeding the Configured_Rx_Window_Size in octets.
- FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram for a method for enhanced octet-based RLC PDU creation 500 for both uplink and downlink, based on the following parameters:
- X Min ⁇ Current_Credit, Available_Data, Leftover_Window ⁇ Equation (3)
- N Floor ⁇ X /Maximum_RLC_PDU_size ⁇ Equation (4)
- L X mod Maximum_RLC_PDU_size Equation (5) where the function Min ⁇ • ⁇ returns the minimum value from the set, the function Floor ⁇ • ⁇ returns the nearest lower integer value, and a mod b is the modulo b division of a.
- N RLC PDUs of size Maximum_RLC_PDU_size are generated (step 505 ).
- one additional RLC PDU may be created for the TTI. It is determined if X is equal to the Leftover_Window or Current_Credit parameters (step 510 ). If so, it is determined if L is greater than the Minimum_RLC_PDU_size parameter or if X is equal to the Available_Data ( 515 ). If L is greater than the Minimum_RLC_PDU_size, or if X is equal to the Available_Data, then an RLC PDU of length L is generated ( 520 ). Also, if X is not equal to Leftover_Window or Current_Credit, then an RLC PDU of length L is generated ( 520 ).
- an RLC PDU of Minimum_RLC_PDU_size may be created.
- the generated RLC PDU(s) are stored in a buffer for transmission ( 525 ).
- the method 500 may be repeated every TTI, or alternatively when data is available or requested by lower layers ( 530 ).
- Min ⁇ Current_Credit, Available_Data, Leftover_Window ⁇ Available_Data
- another RLC PDU may also be generated in the same period of size equal to Min ⁇ Current_Credit, Leftover_Window, Available_Data ⁇ mod Maximum_RLC_PDU_size.
- Min ⁇ Current_Credit, Available_Data, Leftover_Window ⁇ Leftover_Window
- another RLC PDU may also be generated in the same period of size equal to Min ⁇ Current_Credit, Leftover_Window, Available_Data ⁇ mod Maximum_RLC_PDU_size, if and only if this PDU's length is greater than Minimum_RLC_PDU_size.
- Variable size RLC PDU creation may also be applied without the Minimum_RLC_PDU_size and/or the Maximum_RLC_PDU_size limitations.
- a RLC PDU of size X can be created in a system where parameters minimum_RLC_PDU_size and maximum_RLC_PDU_size are not defined.
- the current state variables used for fixed RLC PDU size are maintained and can be used simultaneously with a set of new variables that deal with the byte count of flexible RLC PDUs. More specifically, some of the values maintained in terms of number of PDUs and processed as in the non-enhanced RLC may include:
- VT(WS) is maintained in terms of maximum number of PDUs and it is originally configured by higher layers based on the Configured_Tx_Window_size parameter provided in number of PDUs. This value can correspond to the maximum number of PDUs allowed for the window, and/or the maximum number of PDUs limited by the number of bits used for the sequence number. For example, if 12 bits are used then up to 2 12 or 4096 PDUs can be supported.
- the VT(WS) can be prohibited from being updated by the receiver using the WINDOW SUFI.
- the other receiver state variables may also be maintained and processed according to 3GPP legacy standards.
- variables dealing with the byte count for the transmitter and receiver are also maintained and processed.
- Some variables that can be used are listed below, and are assumed to be maintained in terms of bytes. The names of these variables are used for description purposes but may be given any name.
- the variables include:
- the combination of the old and new state variables will allow the RLC to control the Tx and Rx windows in terms of maximum amount of bytes allowed and also in terms of maximum number of PDUs allowed (limited by the number of sequence numbers available for transmission).
- the transmitter has to ensure that the SN of the AMD PDU is less than the maximum send variable VT(MS).
- the SN of retransmitted AMD PDU might be greater than VT(MS) if the window size has been updated by the receiver using WINDOW SUFI.
- the transmitter can also check that the Tx window utilization up to the AMD PDU to be retransmitted does not exceed the maximum window size in bytes using state variable VT(WS)_bytes.
- the state variable Window_utilization is the total size of transmitted RLC PDUs in the retransmission buffer. Therefore, when this condition is checked the utilization up to the retransmitted SN has to be calculated independently. If Window_utilization is less than VT(WS)_bytes, then the condition will be met automatically, however if window_utilization is greater than VT(WS)_bytes, the buffer utilization up to the AMD PDU has to be calculated in order to ensure that it will not exceed VT(WS)_bytes. So optionally, the buffer utilization is calculated if the window_utilization exceeds the state variable VT(WS)_bytes.
- the AMD PDU transmission procedure can be modified in the following way to account for fixed and flexible RLC PDU sizes, as signaled by upper layers:
- One of the conditions to allow the transmission of an AMD PDU is that the AMD PDU SN is less than the state variable VT(MS).
- VT(MS) the state variable
- an additional condition to check that the window utilization for the transmitted or retransmitted PDU does not exceed maximum window size in bytes should also be verified.
- the lower layers include the MAC layer and physical layer.
- the sender may:
- Timer_Poll a timer for tracking AMD PDU containing a poll as indicated by lower layers, is configured, then start the timer Timer_Poll (see, for example, 3GPP TS 25.322 V7.1.0 subclause 9.5).
- the procedure associated with the reception of an AMD PDU by the receiver is updated to include and update of the receiver state variables associated with the byte count for flexible RLC PDU size.
- the enhanced procedure is defined as follows. Upon reception of an AMD PDU, the receiver shall:
- the receiver upon reception of an AMD PDU with SN outside the interval VR(R) ⁇ SN ⁇ VR(MR), the receiver shall:
- the receiver upon reception of a new AMD PDU whose size added to RxWUTIL exceeds RxWMAX (where RxWMAX ⁇ RxWUTIL+new received AMD PDU size or RxN) or upon reception of an AMD PDU with SN outside the interval VR(R) ⁇ SN ⁇ VR(MR), the receiver shall:
- RLC status reports containing acknowledgment information to support ARQ may be triggered in various scenarios by the RLC Tx and RLC Rx entities.
- the RLC Tx and RLC Rx entities can maintain a mapping of RLC PDU SN to the corresponding PDU length in bytes. This allows the calculation and maintenance of the length of the used flow control window in bytes or other byte-based metrics as described above.
- the transmitter may have a PDU count polling mechanism and/or a byte count polling mechanism, such that the transmitter polls the receiver every Poll_Bytes bytes.
- the polling parameter provided by higher layers is called Poll_Bytes.
- the RLC transmitter may trigger a status report by setting the polling bit in certain PDUs as follows:
- setting a polling bit refers to a polling request, such that a polling request may consist of POLL SUFI PDU, or it may consist of the setting of a polling bit in an AMD RLC PDU.
- the total number of bytes transmitted in PDUs may refer to the size of the PDUs transmitted for the first time. Alternatively, it can refer to the size of all PDUs transmitted, including retransmissions.
- the counted total number of bytes transmitted may only count the first transmission of the RLC acknowledged mode data (AMD) PDU, the RLC AMD PDU segment or a portion of an RLC SDU, where retransmissions of these data portions may not be counted.
- AMD RLC acknowledged mode data
- Protocol parameters Poll_PDU and Poll_SDU are signaled by upper layers, such as the RRC, to the RLC layer to indicate a PDU count interval.
- protocol parameter Poll_Bytes in octets can be signaled and configured by higher layers. Polling procedures in an RLC transmitter may include the following:
- the Poll_Octets counter may optionally count a total number of bytes of a first transmission of each RLC acknowledged mode data (AMD) PDU.
- the Poll_Octets counter may optionally count only RLC data PDUs, such that RLC control PDUs are not counted.
- the RLC transmitter sets the polling bit in the PDU (or optionally, the next PDU) that makes the Poll_Octets counter exceed the threshold of Poll_Bytes, and resets the Poll_Octets counter.
- the Poll_Octets counter may also be reset if the polling bit is set due to other polling conditions such as the reception of a Poll_PDU.
- Flexible RLC PDU size mode is set by the RRC layer, and window-based polling is configured by upper layers, protocol parameter Poll_Window is signaled by upper layers to the RLC to inform the transmitter to poll the receiver.
- Poll_Window can be given in terms of a percentage window or in terms of number of bytes.
- the utilized_window represents the utilized buffer by the data remaining in the transmission buffer. If the Poll_Window is given in terms of number of bytes, K is equivalent to the utilized_window. Therefore, the transmitter will trigger a polling request if the utilized_window exceeds the number of bytes Poll_window signaled by the network.
- the RLC transmitter can trigger a status report by setting the polling bit when the used/utilized Tx window size is above a certain system configured threshold in terms of a number of bytes or a percentage of the maximum window size.
- the RLC receiver can trigger a status report when the used/utilized Rx window size is above a certain system configured threshold in terms of a number of bytes or a percentage of the maximum window size.
- Poll_Window indicates when the transmitter shall poll the receiver in the case where “window-based polling” is configured by upper layers.
- a poll is triggered for each AMD PDU when: the value J is greater than parameter Poll_Window, where J is the transmission window percentage defined as:
- a poll is also triggered for each AMD PDU when the value of K is greater than parameter Poll_Window, where K is defined as:
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- register cache memory
- semiconductor memory devices magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs).
- Suitable processors include, by way of example, a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and/or a state machine.
- DSP digital signal processor
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- a processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), terminal, base station, radio network controller (RNC), or any host computer.
- the WTRU may be used in conjunction with modules, implemented in hardware and/or software, such as a camera, a video camera module, a videophone, a speakerphone, a vibration device, a speaker, a microphone, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a keyboard, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, and/or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or Ultra Wide Band (UWB) module.
- WLAN wireless local area network
- UWB Ultra Wide Band
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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US15/375,357 US9936423B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2016-12-12 | Method and apparatus for enhancing RLC for flexible RLC PDU size |
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