US8472443B2 - Port grouping for association with virtual interfaces - Google Patents

Port grouping for association with virtual interfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US8472443B2
US8472443B2 US12/589,495 US58949509A US8472443B2 US 8472443 B2 US8472443 B2 US 8472443B2 US 58949509 A US58949509 A US 58949509A US 8472443 B2 US8472443 B2 US 8472443B2
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subgroups
virtual
switches
physical ports
virtual interface
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US20100290473A1 (en
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Narender Enduri
Michael Smith
Mark Bakke
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Cisco Technology Inc
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Cisco Technology Inc
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Assigned to CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SMITH, MICHAEL, ENDURI, NARENDER, BAKKE, MARK
Priority to PCT/US2010/001369 priority patent/WO2010132094A1/en
Priority to CN201080001891.2A priority patent/CN102067533B/zh
Priority to EP10717902.0A priority patent/EP2430802B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/35—Switches specially adapted for specific applications
    • H04L49/356—Switches specially adapted for specific applications for storage area networks
    • H04L49/357—Fibre channel switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/70—Virtual switches

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to communication networks, and more particularly, to grouping ports of a port channel for association with virtual interfaces.
  • Data centers often use a small percentage of available CPU, storage, and memory capacity. This results in deployment of more servers than are necessary to perform a specified amount of work. Additional servers increase costs and create a more complex and disparate environment that can be difficult to manage. Many data center managers are turning to virtualization so that resources can be shared across a network.
  • Virtualization is a technology which allows one computer to do the job of multiple computers by sharing resources of a single computer across multiple systems. Through the use of virtualization, multiple operating systems and applications can run on the same computer at the same time, thereby increasing utilization and flexibility of hardware. Virtualization allows servers to be decoupled from underlying hardware, thus resulting in multiple virtual machines sharing the same physical server hardware. Virtual switches provide network connectivity between the virtual machines and physical ports on the server.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a network in which embodiments described herein may be implemented.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an example of a network device useful in implementing embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates subgroups configured on network devices of the network of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an overview of a process for creating the subgroups and assigning virtual interfaces to the subgroups, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates components of a data center operating system and a data path agent.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates communication between components of the data center operating system and data path agent.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates port channels configured for use with Link Aggregation Control Protocol.
  • a method generally comprises receiving information identifying switches connected to a group of physical ports at a network device comprising a plurality of virtual machines in communication with a virtual switch, creating subgroups at the network device, each of the subgroups comprising the physical ports connected to one of the switches, and assigning a virtual interface connecting the virtual switch to one of the virtual machines, to one of the subgroups for transmitting traffic from the virtual machine to one of the switches. Assignment of the virtual interface is performed during packet processing at the network device.
  • an apparatus generally comprises a port channel manager for receiving information identifying switches connected to a group of physical ports at a network device and creating subgroups each comprising the physical ports connected to one of the switches.
  • the apparatus further includes a virtual interface agent for assigning a virtual interface connecting a virtual switch to a virtual machine, to one of the subgroups. Traffic received from the virtual machine on the virtual interface is transmitted to one of the switches on one of the physical ports in the assigned subgroup.
  • Virtualization allows one computer to do the job of multiple computers by sharing the resources of a single computer across multiple systems.
  • Software is used to virtualize hardware resources of a computer, including, for example, the CPU, RAM, hard disk, and network controller, to create a virtual machine that can run its own operating system and applications. Multiple virtual machines share hardware resources without interfering with each other so that several operating systems and applications can be run at the same time on a single computer.
  • Virtual machines may be used, for example, in a virtual infrastructure to dynamically map physical resources to business needs. Virtualization thus enables the aggregation of multiple servers, storage infrastructure, and networks into shared resources that can be delivered dynamically to applications as needed.
  • the embodiments described herein operate in the context of a data communication network including multiple network elements.
  • Some of the elements in a network that employs the system may be network devices such as servers, switches, or routers.
  • the network device may include, for example, a master central processing unit (CPU), interfaces, and a bus.
  • the CPU preferably includes memory and a processor.
  • the network device may be implemented on a general purpose network machine such as described below with respect to FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 1 an example of a network 10 that may implement embodiments described herein is shown.
  • the network 10 may be configured for use as a data center or any other type of network. It is to be understood that the simplified network shown in FIG. 1 is only one example, and that the embodiments described herein may be employed in networks having different configurations and types of network devices.
  • the network 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes network devices 12 , 14 , which may be hardware implemented network switches or other network devices configured to perform switching or routing functions.
  • switches 12 and 14 are connected to (i.e., in communication with) two network devices (e.g., servers, hosts) 30 .
  • the switches 12 , 14 are also in communication with a management station 32 (e.g., virtualization management platform such as VMware Virtual Center management station, available from VMware of Palo Alto, Calif.).
  • the management station 32 or one or more management functions may also be integrated into the switches 12 , 14 .
  • the servers 30 are also in communication with a Virtual Supervisor Module (VSM) 15 .
  • VSM Virtual Supervisor Module
  • the VSM may be located in a physical appliance (e.g., server) in communication with the servers 30 and management station 32 via physical switches 12 , 14 .
  • the VSM may also be a virtual appliance (e.g., virtual machine) installed at one of the servers 30 or the VSM may be installed at one of the switches 12 , 14 .
  • the VSM runs a Data Center Operating System (DCOS) described below.
  • DCOS Data Center Operating System
  • Each server 30 includes a virtual switch (also referred to herein as a Virtual Ethernet Module (VEM)) 34 , and one or more virtual machines (VM A, VM B, VM C, VM D, VM E) 36 .
  • the virtual machines 36 share hardware resources without interfering with each other, thus enabling multiple operating systems and applications to execute at the same time on a single computer.
  • a virtual machine monitor such as hypervisor (not shown) may be used to dynamically allocate hardware resources to the virtual machines 36 .
  • hypervisor not shown
  • VM A and VM B are located on a first server
  • VM C and VM D are located on a second server
  • VM E is located on a third server, each server being physically separate from the other servers.
  • the virtual machines 36 may each be moved between servers 30 based on traffic patterns, hardware resources, or other criteria.
  • the VSM 15 is configured to provide control/management plane functionality for the virtual machines 36 and control multiple virtual switches 34 .
  • the virtual switch 34 provides switching capability at the server 30 and operates as a data plane associated with the control plane of the VSM 15 .
  • the VSM 15 and virtual switch (VEM) 34 operate together to form a distributed virtual switch as viewed by the management station 32 .
  • the VSM 15 and VEM 34 may also be located together in a network device (e.g., switch 12 , 14 , server 30 or other network device in communication with the switches 12 , 14 and servers 30 ).
  • FIG. 2 depicts a network device 40 that may be used to implement embodiments described herein.
  • Network device 40 is configured to implement all of the network protocols and extensions thereof described herein.
  • network device 40 is a programmable machine that may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof.
  • Logic may be encoded in one or more tangible media for execution by a processor.
  • processor 42 may execute codes stored in a program memory 44 .
  • Program memory 44 is one example of a computer-readable medium.
  • Program memory 44 can be a volatile memory.
  • Another form of computer-readable medium storing the same codes is a type of non-volatile storage such as floppy disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, hard disks, flash memory, etc.
  • Network device 40 interfaces with physical media via a plurality of linecards (network interfaces) 46 .
  • Linecards 46 may incorporate Ethernet interfaces, DSL interfaces, Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, SONET interfaces, etc.
  • packets As packets are received, processed, and forwarded by network device 40 , they may be stored in a packet memory 48 .
  • linecards 46 may incorporate processing and memory resources similar to those discussed above in connection with the network device as a whole. It is to be understood that the network device 40 shown in FIG. 2 and described above is only one example and that different configurations of network devices may be used.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a server/host 30 in communication with two upstream switches (e.g., access switches 12 , 14 of FIG. 1 ).
  • the server 30 includes the virtual switch 34 and virtual machines 36 (not shown) of FIG. 1 .
  • Each server 30 and switch 12 , 14 includes a port channel (PC) 50 , 54 and a plurality of physical ports (Port1, Port2, Port3, Port4) 52 , 56 .
  • the physical ports 52 on the server 30 are connected to physical ports 56 on the switches 12 , 14 .
  • the virtual machines 36 are in communication with the virtual switch 34 via virtual network interface cards (VNICs) which connect to virtual Ethernet interfaces 38 at the virtual switch.
  • VNICs virtual network interface cards
  • the server 30 includes an Ethernet port 52 for each physical network interface card at the server.
  • the Ethernet ports 52 are aggregated at the port channel 50 .
  • the virtual switch 34 is in communication with the network via the physical Ethernet interfaces.
  • the virtual switch 34 switches traffic between the virtual machines 36 and the physical network interface cards.
  • MAC addresses of virtual ports (interfaces) behind the virtual switch 34 could flap across switches 12 , 14 if the load balancing algorithm is not based on a source MAC address.
  • a port channel hash algorithm could pick any port from the four port members 52 of the port channel 50 , which will result in MAC flapping in upstream switches 12 , 14 if they are Layer 2 (L2) connected.
  • virtual ports 38 will receive duplicate packets from the network for broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast if the two upstream switches 12 , 14 are connected. Another issue is that virtual ports behind VEM 34 may receive their own traffic for broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast.
  • Embodiments described herein provide an Asymmetric Port Channel (APC) (also referred to as host mode virtual Port Channel (vPC)), which prevents the problems noted above.
  • API Asymmetric Port Channel
  • vPC host mode virtual Port Channel
  • Asymmetric Port Channel refers to a port channel wherein the members are connected to different upstream switches.
  • ports 52 of a single port channel 50 are connected to two upstream switches 12 , 14 .
  • the group of ports 52 are assigned to one of two subgroups (subgroup 0 and subgroup 1) 58 .
  • subgroups 58 are created and virtual interfaces (virtual Ethernet ports) 38 of the virtual switch 34 are pinned to one of the subgroups. All of the traffic from the virtual interface 38 goes out through the pinned subgroup 58 . This addresses MAC flapping issues.
  • Each type of broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast packets are accepted on one of the subgroups 58 . This addresses the issue of virtual ports receiving duplicate packets. Packets for virtual ports 38 are accepted from pinned (associated) subgroups 58 .
  • the subgroup 58 is a grouping of member interfaces 52 of a port channel 50 that are connected to the same upstream switch 12 , 14 .
  • Pinning also known as static pinning
  • Pinning provides the ability to forward traffic from the virtual interface 38 or from a VLAN to a specific member 52 of a port channel 50 .
  • Subgroups 58 are created based on information received from upstream switches 12 , 14 . The information may be communicated utilizing Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) or other suitable protocol. CDP is transmitted from the switches 12 , 14 and informs other network devices of their existence. It is to be understood that CDP is only one example and that other protocols such as Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) or any other means for transmitting device information, may be used.
  • LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol
  • the information includes a device ID which is used to identify the node that is attached to the port receiving the information.
  • the network device information is received from the upstream switches 12 , 14 and the subgroups 58 are preferably created automatically based on the received information. Thus, no manual intervention is required.
  • Subgroups 58 can also be created manually by assigning subgroup IDs to the member ports 52 of the port channel 50 (i.e., receiving switch information from a user). Therefore, a user is still able to load balance across all of the links within a subgroup. All subgroups 58 are in an active-active state.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an overview of a process for creating subgroups and pinning the virtual interfaces to subgroups.
  • a port channel manager receives information regarding switches 12 , 14 connected to server 30 including a plurality of virtual machines 36 .
  • Subgroups 58 are created (step 62 ) and each of the physical ports 52 of the server 30 are assigned to one of the subgroups (step 64 ).
  • Each subgroup 58 contains the physical ports 52 connected to one of the switches 12 , 14 .
  • subgroups 58 can be created either automatically or manually.
  • One option for manually creating subgroups is through a CLI (command-line interface), where the user configures subgroup IDs.
  • CLI command-line interface
  • the port channel manager (described below) assigns subgroup IDs to member ports 52 of the port channel 50 based on the information received from upstream switches 12 , 14 .
  • Virtual interfaces 38 are attached to one of the subgroups 58 (step 66 ), and a member port 52 within the subgroup 58 is selected.
  • the selection may be, for example, based on a user configured load-balancing algorithm during egress packet processing at the server 30 .
  • the egress packet processing thus involves two steps; the first is to select a subgroup 58 , and the second is to select a member port 52 within the subgroup.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates components of the Data Center Operating System (DCOS) (also referred to as Nexus Operating System (NXOS)) and a Data Path Agent (DPA), in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the DCOS operates, for example, on the VSM 15 .
  • the DPA is a user process on a host (server) and may operate, for example, at the VEM 34 .
  • DCOS includes a port index manager (PIXM) 72 , an Ethernet Port Channel Manager (EthPCM) 70 that communicates with CLI/SNMP (Command-Lin Interface/Simple Network Management Protocol) 74 , EthPM (Ethernet Port Manager) 75 , and CDP 76 .
  • PCP is just one example of a protocol used to obtain switch information.
  • the DPA includes an Index Port Manager Agent (PIXM Agent) 78 , a Port Channel (PC) Agent 80 , and a Port (Virtual Interface) Agent 82 .
  • PIXM Agent Index Port Manager Agent
  • PC Port Channel
  • Port (Virtual Interface) Agent 82 Port (Virtual Interface) Agent
  • FIG. 5 the configuration and components shown in FIG. 5 are only an example and that other configurations and components may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the functions of the PIXM 72 , EthPCM 70 and EthPM 75 may be combined into a port channel manager or broken up in other variations. Details of the interaction between components are described below.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a port bring up sequence, according to one embodiment.
  • communication is between the EthPM 75 , EthPCM 70 , PIXM 72 , and Port Agent 82 .
  • EthPCM 70 receives a bringup message (a) from the EthPM 75 , which manages the physical ports.
  • EthPCM 70 checks if the port is a member of a port channel 50 . If it is a member of a port channel 50 and the port channel has the subgroups configured, it is an APC.
  • EthPCM 70 checks whether the port 52 that is coming up is assigned a subgroup ID. If it is not assigned, EthPCM 70 sends an error response to the EthPM 75 . If the port 52 is not assigned a subgroup ID, the port will be put in down state. If subgroup ID is assigned, a response is sent to the EthPM 75 (indicated at (b)). A new TLV (type, length, value) is added to carry subgroup ID information down to the port agent 82 at the VEM 34 . The bundle member bringup is shown at (c) and (d) in FIG. 6 . The port agent 82 stores the group ID in a port entry data structure. Whenever a subgroup ID is assigned to a port, EthPCM 70 sends REINIT message to EthPM 75 if the port was down.
  • Each virtual interface 38 is pinned to one of the subgroups 58 .
  • traffic arrives from a virtual interface a check is made for sub_group_id in a source port entry structure. If a subgroup is assigned, the same subgroup is used, otherwise, a subgroup is assigned.
  • a user configured load balance hash algorithm may be applied to select a member port 52 from the selected subgroup 58 .
  • a round robin algorithm may also be used for the assignment of sub_group_id to the virtual interfaces 38 .
  • the subgroup 58 can be selected by a round robin algorithm or by a hash algorithm on LTL (Local Target Logic) index of the virtual interface 38 .
  • a MAC move packet is sent on the new subgroup.
  • Pinning may be changed when all of the links in the subgroup 58 to which the virtual interface 38 is pinned goes down, or as a result of load balancing the traffic on all subgroups.
  • the virtual interface is pinned to one of the ports 52 .
  • Pinning may also be performed based on VLAN.
  • the EthPCM 70 pushes this information down to the DPA.
  • This information is stored at the DPA in a data structure which can be indexed by VLAN. For a given VLAN there is a preferred LTL index.
  • Dynamic pinning is the process of selecting a member port 52 based on a load balancing algorithm, flow parameters, and type of packet.
  • Static pinning configuration allows a user to select a specific member 52 of a port channel 50 to carry traffic from a virtual interface/VLAN. If there is a static pinning configuration on the virtual interface/VLAN, all of the traffic from that virtual interface/VLAN is carried on the configured physical network interface card. This indirectly influences the subgroup selection in the case of asymmetric port channels.
  • a user can pin a particular virtual interface or VLAN to a specific member port 52 . This configuration overrides the load balancing process of selecting a member 52 in a port channel 50 .
  • beaconing may be used to detect whether or not the upstream switches 12 , 14 are connected.
  • the VEM 34 periodically sends beacon packets on one of the subgroups 58 for each VLAN configured on the PC 50 and expects it to be received on the other subgroup.
  • Beacon packets are preferably sent on one subgroup 58 and processed on the other (second) subgroup.
  • the beacon time interval and number of consecutive misses to detect that the upstream switches are not connected can be configurable through CLI, for example.
  • the beacon packets are sent on all of the allowed VLANs of the asymmetric port channel. If beacon packets are not received consecutively on the second subgroup for a configured number of times, the upstream switches 12 , 14 are considered to be not connected.
  • DPD Duplicate Packet Detection
  • duplicate packets will be received for unknown unicast, multicast floods, and broadcast on both subgroups 58 of asymmetric port channel if the upstream switches 12 , 14 are connected. Therefore, one of the duplicate packets needs to be discarded. In accordance with one embodiment, the packets will be discarded as follows.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates APC with Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP).
  • LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol
  • LACP PCs separate independent port channels
  • a check is performed to see if there is any way to identify if these port channels have the same configuration.
  • a message is sent from EthPCM 70 to the DPA to create a dummy port channel entry 95 and link these LACP PCs 93 , as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • CDP information is not needed to create subgroups. It is automatically done by using LACP.
  • the dummy port channel entry 95 is created with two subgroups 58 .
  • Each subgroup has one member port which is an LACP PC LTL.
  • the source LTL is replaced with the port channel's LTL.
  • lookup stage learning of source address takes place. If a packet is destined to be sent on the APC, source LTL will be the virtual port's LTL and destination LTL will be the dummy port channel's LTL, because the learning took place on this LTL.
  • Dummy port channel entry is obtained from destination LTL's port entry. Where there are two subgroups, each has one member port.
  • the subgroup ID is obtained from source LTL's port entry. If it is a valid one, the subgroup is selected. Otherwise a sub_group_id (latching) is assigned as described for subgroup selection/latching.
  • the port channel's entry is obtained from the selected subgroup where there are member physical port LTLs.
  • the user configured load balance algorithm is applied on the port channel entry obtained as described above.

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PCT/US2010/001369 WO2010132094A1 (en) 2009-05-15 2010-05-07 Port grouping for association with virtual interfaces
CN201080001891.2A CN102067533B (zh) 2009-05-15 2010-05-07 与虚拟接口相关联的端口分组
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