US8466693B2 - Fill level measuring device - Google Patents

Fill level measuring device Download PDF

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Publication number
US8466693B2
US8466693B2 US13/126,586 US200913126586A US8466693B2 US 8466693 B2 US8466693 B2 US 8466693B2 US 200913126586 A US200913126586 A US 200913126586A US 8466693 B2 US8466693 B2 US 8466693B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
washer
fill level
measuring device
securement apparatus
level measuring
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US13/126,586
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US20110199103A1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Osswald
Ralf Reimelt
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Assigned to ENDRESS + HAUSER GMBH + CO. KG reassignment ENDRESS + HAUSER GMBH + CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OSSWALD, DIRK, REIMELT, RALF
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
    • G01F23/268—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors mounting arrangements of probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G01F23/2962—Measuring transit time of reflected waves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fill level measuring device for measuring fill level of a fill substance located in a container, wherein the device has a completely insulated measuring probe introduced into the container.
  • Fill level measurements of this type are applied in wide ranges of industrial measurements technology for fill level measurement of fill substances located in containers.
  • Two different measuring principles are known, which permit fill level to be measured by means of a measuring probe introduced into a container.
  • a first measuring principle is based on a travel time measurement.
  • the fill level measuring device produces electromagnetic signals, which it transmits into the container along the measuring probe, in this case serving as a waveguide. A part of these electromagnetic signals is reflected from the surface of the fill substance, and its echo signal is received back after a travel time dependent on the fill level.
  • the fill level measuring device determines the travel time which passes between the transmission of the signal and the receipt of the echo signal arising from the reflection off the surface of the fill substance. The determining of these travel times proceeds on the basis of known travel time measuring methods. In connection with guided electromagnetic signals, time-domain reflectometry (time domain reflection), for example, is used.
  • a high-frequency pulse is transmitted, for example, according to the guided microwave method, along a Sommerfeld waveguide, a Goubau waveguide or a coaxial waveguide. If this electromagnetic signal strikes a surface of the fill substance in the container, at least a part of the signal is then reflected back due to the impedance jump existing at this media boundary.
  • the received signal amplitude as a function of time represents the echo signal.
  • Each value of this echo signal corresponds to the amplitude of an echo reflected at a particular distance from the transmitting and receiving element.
  • the echo signals have clear maxima, which correspond to the portions of the electromagnetic signals in each case reflected off the surface of the fill substance. From the time difference between the transmission of the electromagnetic signal and the receipt of the maxima, the sought travel time is ascertained.
  • a second measuring principle is based on a capacitance measurement.
  • the measuring probe serves as a capacitive probe, or as an electrode. It is inserted in the container, and the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the probe and the container wall surrounding it is measured.
  • the measured capacitance corresponds to the sum of a basic capacitance of the empty container, the product of a fill-substance-specific capacitance increase factor of the fill substance, and the latter's fill height.
  • Classical fill level measuring devices for measuring fill level of a fill substance located in a container are known, in the case of which the travel time measurement principle is combined with the capacitive measuring principle in one measuring device.
  • An example of this is the apparatus described in DE 100 37 715 A1 of the assignee for measuring fill level of a single fill substance located in a container.
  • the apparatus includes a probe, which can be operated selectively as a capacitive probe of a classic capacitive fill level measuring device, as well as also as a waveguide of a classic fill level measuring device, working according to the travel time principle.
  • This application describes a fill level measuring device working according to the travel time principle.
  • the device has a waveguide, and, in the waveguide, a metal inner conductor is provided, which serves as a capacitive probe.
  • coaxial probes are applied as measuring probes both for capacitive fill level measurement, as well as also for fill level measurement according to the travel time principle.
  • These comprise an inner conductor and a shield conductor coaxially surrounding the inner conductor.
  • Coaxial probes offer the advantage that the measurements performed therewith occur completely independently of the installed situation of the measuring probe in the container. Especially the shape and electrical properties of the container no longer have an influence on the measuring. At the same time, via the shield conductor, a maximum signal quality is achieved, influences from external disturbances and power losses are significantly reduced thereby.
  • the inner conductor is galvanically isolated from the shield conductor. That is to say, even in the case of use in a container filled with an electrically conductive fill substance, no galvanic connection is permitted to occur between the inner conductor and the shield conductor. Such a galvanic connection would lead to a short circuit, which renders both capacitive fill level measurement as well as fill level measurement according to the travel time principle impossible.
  • the shield conductor is electrically connected to a reference potential, preferably to ground.
  • the reference potential forms for the capacitive fill level measurement a reference potential, with respect to which the capacitance measurement is performed. If the shield conductor were not at the reference potential, in the context of the capacitive fill level measurement, an isolated capacitance would be formed in the container by the inner conductor and the shield conductor. An isolated capacitance is not allowable, especially in applications in which special explosion protection measures must be made for safety reasons.
  • the shield conductor preferably lies at reference potential—preferably at ground—also in the case of fill level measurement according to the travel time principle. If this is not so, in the region of the coupling of the electromagnetic signal into the coaxial probe, impedance jumps can be present, which lead to strong input reflection of the electromagnetic signals in this region. These undesired input reflections lead to a markedly higher power loss.
  • It is an object of the invention is to provide a fill level measuring device having a coaxial measuring probe, in the case of which the inner conductor of the measuring probe is galvanically isolated from the shield conductor, and the shield conductor lies electrically at a reference potential.
  • the invention resides in a fill level measuring device for capacitive fill level measurement and/or for travel time fill level measurement for a fill substance in a container, wherein the fill level measuring device comprises:
  • the insulating body has a hollow-cylindrical section, which is surrounded terminally by the washer-shaped section clamped between the securement apparatus and the washer, and which completely fills a hollow-cylindrical hollow space between the inner conductor and the washer at its side facing the securement apparatus.
  • the insulating body includes a section conically tapering to the outer diameter of the insulated inner conductor in a direction away from the securement apparatus.
  • each spring element is arranged in a blind bore provided in the washer, and presses its contact element against the securement apparatus.
  • the contact elements are metal spheres, which are affixed on their spring elements.
  • the securement apparatus is connected to ground.
  • the insulating body comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the shield conductor is screwed onto an electrically conductive, connection piece, which is inserted into the washer, especially fleshly screwed into the washer.
  • the fill level measuring device of the invention has the advantage that it is suitable both for capacitive fill level measurement as well as also for fill level measurement according to the travel time principle.
  • a further advantage of the fill level measuring device of the invention lies in the fact that it is applicable in a broad temperature range, since, via the spring elements, a reliable electrical connection of the shield conductor is given, even when the distance between the washer and the securement apparatus changes due to thermal expansion of the insulating body.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially sectioned view of a fill level measuring device of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is the insulating body of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a contact element affixed on a spring element in a blind bore in the washer of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a partially sectioned view of a fill level measuring device of the invention.
  • the fill level measuring device serves for capacitive fill level measurement and/or travel time fill level measurement of a fill substance in a container 1 .
  • the fill level measuring device comprises a coaxial measuring probe, which has an inner conductor 3 and a shield conductor 5 coaxially surrounding the inner conductor 3 .
  • the fill level measuring device includes a securement apparatus 7 , with which the measuring device is mountable on a container opening 11 equipped with a counterpart 9 of the securement apparatus 7 .
  • the securement apparatus 7 is a flange and the counterpart 9 is a correspondingly formed counterflange.
  • the coaxial measuring probe extends into the container 1 , and the fill substance enters into the inner space between shield conductor 5 and inner conductor 3 up to a fill height corresponding to the current fill level.
  • the shield conductor 5 can have, arranged distributed over its length, openings, through which the fill substance can enter and leave.
  • the shield conductor 5 can have an air escape opening provided above the highest allowable fill level in the installed state.
  • the inner conductor 3 serves as an electrode, and the shield conductor 5 as a counterelectrode.
  • the electrode and counterelectrode form a capacitor, whose capacitance depends on the fill height of the fill substance in the inner space between the shield conductor 5 and inner conductor 3 .
  • Fill level is, in this case, determined based on a measuring of this capacitance.
  • the inner conductor 3 serves as a waveguide, along which electromagnetic signals are transmitted into the container, and their echo signals, reflected off the surface of the fill substance located in the inner space surrounded by the shield conductor 5 , are received again after a travel time dependent on the fill level.
  • the associated signal travel time is measured, and, based on the signal travel time and the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic signals along the waveguide, fill level is determined.
  • the shield conductor 5 shields against the environment and assures that measuring conditions remain the same.
  • the inner conductor 3 and shield conductor 5 can together be applied as a coaxial conductor, in which the electromagnetic signals are correspondingly conveyed.
  • the shield conductor 5 effects in both cases an impedance which is constant over the entire length of the coaxial measuring probe. In this way, a high signal quality is achieved and power loss is kept extremely small.
  • the fill level measuring device includes a washer 13 , which, in the installed state, is clamped between the securement apparatus 7 and the counterpart 9 , and which is made of an electrically conductive material, preferably of metal.
  • the inner conductor 3 is completely surrounded by an insulating layer 15 and extends through the washer 13 into the container 1 .
  • an insulating body 17 Inserted in the washer 13 is an insulating body 17 , which coaxially surrounds the inner conductor 3 in the washer 13 , and which adjoins directly on the insulating layer 15 .
  • Insulating layer 15 and insulating body 17 are made of an insulating material, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • FIG. 2 shows, in detail, an example of an embodiment of the insulating body 17 . It includes on its end a washer-shaped section 19 extending radially outwards. In the installed state, section 19 is clamped between the securement apparatus 7 and the washer 13 .
  • Shield conductor 5 is composed of an electrically conductive material, preferably metal, and is connected mechanically and in an electrically conducting manner with the likewise electrically conductive washer 13 .
  • washer 13 and shield conductor 5 could be embodied as a single piece.
  • an essentially hollow-cylindrical, connection piece 21 made of an electrically conductive material, preferably metal, is provided, via which mechanical and electrical connection between the washer 13 and the shield conductor 5 is effected.
  • Connection piece 21 is, for this purpose, screwed into the washer 13 , and is flush with the washer 13 on the side of the latter facing the securement apparatus 7 .
  • the end of the connection piece 21 lying opposite protrudes out from the washer 13 toward the container 1 , and includes a screw thread, onto which the shield conductor 5 , equipped with a corresponding counterthread, is screwed. Since both the washer 13 , as well as the connection piece 21 and the shield conductor 5 , are composed of electrically conductive materials, this mechanical connection simultaneously also effects the desired electrical connection.
  • the washer 13 and the connection piece 21 can naturally also be embodied as a single piece.
  • At least one contact element 23 is provided, which effects an electrically conductive connection between the securement apparatus 9 and the washer 13 .
  • the securement apparatus 9 is connected to a predetermined reference potential, preferably to ground. This is standard in industrial measurements technology. Measuring device housings, as well as their securement apparatuses, are usually grounded.
  • the electrically conducting shield conductor 5 connected with the washer 13 is likewise connected to this reference potential via the contact elements 23 .
  • the contact elements 23 are arranged on an outer edge of the washer 13 , outside of the region of such covered by the insulating body 17 .
  • the contact elements 23 are arranged outside of the region of the washer 13 covered by the washer-shaped section 19 of the insulating body 17 .
  • a single contact element 23 is sufficient to produce the electrical contact.
  • three or more contact elements 23 are applied, which are arranged uniformly distributed around the outer edge of the washer 13 .
  • the contact elements 23 are in each case affixed on a spring element 25 , which presses the respective contact element 23 against the securement apparatus 7 .
  • the spring elements 25 are—as presented in detail in FIG. 3 —placed in blind bores 27 provided in the washer 13 for accommodating the spring elements 25 .
  • the contact elements 23 are, in the illustrated example of an embodiment, metal spheres, which are affixed on the spring elements 25 .
  • the use of the spring elements 25 has the advantage that a reliable electrical contact is also assured when the fill level measuring device is exposed to changing environmental temperatures. Alternating environmental temperatures result in fluctuations in the thickness of the circular washer-shaped section 19 of the insulating body 17 clamped between the securement apparatus 7 and the washer 13 ; these fluctuations are absorbed via the spring elements 25 .
  • the spring elements 25 therewith assure reliable electrical contact, via which the shield conductor 5 is connected in an electrically conducting manner to the securement apparatus 7 via the washer 13 and the contact elements 23 .
  • the insulating body 17 includes a hollow cylindrical section 33 , which is surrounded terminally by the washer-shaped section 19 clamped between the securement apparatus 7 and the washer 13 , and which completely fills a hollow-cylindrical hollow space between the inner conductor 3 and the washer 13 at the side of the washer facing the securement apparatus 7 .
  • This section 33 effects, in addition to the insulating, a precisely fitting centering and an additional mechanical affixing of the insulating body 17 in the washer 13 . If the connection piece 21 shown in FIG. 1 is inserted into the washer 13 , this section 33 then naturally completely fills out at its ends the corresponding hollow-cylindrical hollow space between the inner conductor 3 and the connection piece 21 on their side facing the securement apparatus 7 .
  • the insulating body 17 includes a section 35 , which conically tapers to the outer diameter of the insulated inner conductor 3 in the direction facing away from the securement apparatus 7 , and whose greatest diameter is preferably equal to an inner diameter of the washer 13 , of the connection piece 21 , or of the shield conductor 5 .
  • This conical section 35 offers, on the one hand, the advantage that fill substance entering in this region can more easily drain downwards into the container 1 .
  • fill level measurement according to the travel time principle it offers a continuous transfer for the electromagnetic signals, in that the impedance along the coaxial measuring probe in this introduction region changes only slowly and, above all, continuously and non-abruptly.
  • a process seal 37 is preferably arranged between the washer 13 and the counterpart 9 . Since the electrical connection of the shield conductor 5 extends over the washer 13 and the securement apparatus 7 connected to the reference potential, at this position, no electrically conducting connection between, on the one hand, the container 1 and, respectively, the counterpart 9 connected to the container and, on the other hand, the shield conductor 5 is required.
US13/126,586 2008-10-29 2009-10-19 Fill level measuring device Active 2030-06-13 US8466693B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008043252 2008-10-29
DE102008043252.0 2008-10-29
DE102008043252A DE102008043252A1 (de) 2008-10-29 2008-10-29 Füllstandsmessgerät
PCT/EP2009/063629 WO2010049297A1 (de) 2008-10-29 2009-10-19 Füllstandsmessgerät

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US20110199103A1 US20110199103A1 (en) 2011-08-18
US8466693B2 true US8466693B2 (en) 2013-06-18

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US13/126,586 Active 2030-06-13 US8466693B2 (en) 2008-10-29 2009-10-19 Fill level measuring device

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US (1) US8466693B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2340420B1 (de)
CN (1) CN102197289B (de)
DE (1) DE102008043252A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2010049297A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10222250B2 (en) 2013-11-27 2019-03-05 Vega Grieshaber Kg Coaxial probe having a tensioned internal conductor
RU2735499C2 (ru) * 2016-09-05 2020-11-03 Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг Устройство для измерения уровня заполнения мягкого резервуара для лекарственного средства

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LU92018B1 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2013-12-09 Luxembourg Patent Co Ensemble de jauge de niveau capacitive pour un récipient de gaz pressurisé ou liquéfié
EP2711673B1 (de) * 2012-09-25 2017-03-15 VEGA Grieshaber KG Koaxialsonde mit Abschlusswiderstand und Zeitbereichsreflektometrie-Füllstandmessgerät
CN102944284A (zh) * 2012-11-27 2013-02-27 李惠远 一种用于检测带导电性介质料位的传感器
DE102013113766A1 (de) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-11 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Messung des Füllstands eines Füllguts in einem Behälter
DE102014118547A1 (de) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Sondeneinheit
DE102016107970A1 (de) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Koppelelement für ein kapazitives Füllstandsmessgerät
JP6853739B2 (ja) * 2017-06-14 2021-03-31 日鉄建材株式会社 静電容量式レベル計測装置
US11555731B2 (en) 2017-11-14 2023-01-17 Rochester Sensors, Llc TDR transducer with boomerang waveguide
ES2955995T3 (es) 2018-10-29 2023-12-11 Rochester Sensors Llc Transductor TDR

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10222250B2 (en) 2013-11-27 2019-03-05 Vega Grieshaber Kg Coaxial probe having a tensioned internal conductor
RU2735499C2 (ru) * 2016-09-05 2020-11-03 Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг Устройство для измерения уровня заполнения мягкого резервуара для лекарственного средства
US11241533B2 (en) 2016-09-05 2022-02-08 Roche Diabetes Care, Inc. Device for measuring a fill level of a flexible medicine reservoir

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Publication number Publication date
US20110199103A1 (en) 2011-08-18
DE102008043252A1 (de) 2010-05-06
EP2340420A1 (de) 2011-07-06
EP2340420B1 (de) 2013-08-14
CN102197289A (zh) 2011-09-21
WO2010049297A1 (de) 2010-05-06
CN102197289B (zh) 2013-01-23

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