US8414265B2 - Turbines and turbine blade winglets - Google Patents
Turbines and turbine blade winglets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8414265B2 US8414265B2 US12/582,927 US58292709A US8414265B2 US 8414265 B2 US8414265 B2 US 8414265B2 US 58292709 A US58292709 A US 58292709A US 8414265 B2 US8414265 B2 US 8414265B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- winglet
- tip region
- trailing edge
- pressure side
- turbine blade
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active, expires
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/141—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
- F01D5/145—Means for influencing boundary layers or secondary circulations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/20—Specially-shaped blade tips to seal space between tips and stator
Definitions
- the subject matter disclosed herein relates to turbine engines and particularly to turbine blades.
- Turbine blades are typically mounted on a rotor connected to a shaft that rotates in the turbine engine. Turbine blades are subjected to high temperatures that cause degradation of the blades during engine operation.
- a turbine blade includes a body having a leading edge, a trailing edge, a pressure side, a suction side, and a tip region, and a winglet arranged on the pressure side of the body in the tip region extending from a point in the tip region down stream of the leading edge to the trailing edge.
- a turbine engine includes a rotor assembly, and a plurality of turbine blades arranged on the rotor assembly at least one blade having a leading edge, a trailing edge, a pressure side, a suction side, a tip region, and a winglet arranged on the pressure side of the body in the tip region extending from a point in the tip region down stream of the leading edge to the trailing edge.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art example of a turbine blade
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a turbine blade
- FIG. 3 illustrates a front cut-away view of an exemplary embodiment of the turbine blade along the line A-A of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 illustrates a front cut-away view of another exemplary embodiment of the turbine blade along the line A-A of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 5 illustrates a front cut-away view of another exemplary embodiment of the turbine blade along the line A-A of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 6 illustrates a front cut-away view of another exemplary embodiment of the turbine blade along the line A-A of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 7 illustrates a partially cut-away perspective view of a portion of a turbine engine.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art example of a turbine blade 100 .
- air flows from a pressure region 101 to a suction region 103 of the blade 100 .
- the path of the air flow near a tip 102 of the blade is indicated by the arrow 105 .
- the amount of airflow that leaks over the tip 102 increases as the airflow approaches the trailing edge 104 .
- the leakage of airflow over the tip 102 undesirably decreases the efficiency of the turbine blade, and increases the temperature of the tip 102 .
- the increased temperature of the tip 102 region results in oxidation and wear of the tip 102 region material.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a turbine blade 200 connected to a portion of a moveable rotor 202 of a turbine.
- the turbine blade (blade) 200 has an airfoil shaped body with a leading edge 204 , a trailing edge 206 , a distal blade tip region (tip region) 208 , a suction side 210 and a pressure side 212 .
- a plurality of blades 200 arranged on the rotor 202 define an inner boundary of a flow duct of the turbine.
- An outer boundary of the flow duct is defined by a shroud (not shown).
- the blade 200 includes a winglet 214 .
- the winglet 214 is arranged in the tip region 208 on the pressure side 212 of the blade 200 .
- the winglet 214 extends from a point 201 on the tip region 208 that is downstream of the leading edge 204 , to the trailing edge 214 of the blade 200 , and is tapered from the trail
- the rotor 202 rotates in a direction indicated by arrow 203 .
- the winglet 214 reduces the airflow 205 that leaks over the tip region 208 near the trailing edge 206 .
- the reduction in airflow that leaks over the tip region 208 near the trailing edge 206 increases the efficiency of the blade 200 , and reduces the heat transfer caused by the airflow in the tip region 208 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates a front cut-away view of an exemplary embodiment of the blade 200 along the line A-A in FIG. 2 .
- the illustrated embodiment includes a cavity 302 in the blade 200 and a cooling passage 304 that is communicative with the cavity 302 and a port 306 disposed in the pressure side 212 of the blade 200 .
- the cavity is defined by walls of the leading edge 204 , the trailing edge 206 , tip region 208 , the suction side 210 , and the pressure side 212 .
- pressurized gas 301 such as, for example air or another type of gas enters the cooling passage 304 via the cavity 302 and is emitted from the port 306 —cooling the winglet 214 and the tip region 208 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates a front cut-away view of another exemplary embodiment of the blade 200 along the line A-A in FIG. 2 .
- the illustrated embodiment includes a cooling passage 404 that is communicative with the cavity 302 and a port 406 disposed on a pressure side edge 408 of the winglet 214 .
- the cooling passage 404 operates in a similar manner to the cooling passage 304 described above.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a front cut-away view of another exemplary embodiment of the blade 200 along the line A-A in FIG. 2 .
- the illustrated embodiment includes a cooling passage 504 that is communicative with the cavity 302 and a port 506 disposed on the pressure side 212 of the blade 200 .
- the cooling passage 504 is fabricated by boring through a portion of the winglet 214 and the blade 200 along the line 501 resulting in the passage 504 and a passage 508 in the winglet 214 .
- the boring may be performed by, for example, drilling. Boring through the winglet 214 allows the port 506 to be formed in proximity to the winglet 214 using a linear boring tool.
- the cooling passage 504 operates in a similar manner to the cooling passage 304 described above.
- the passage 508 in the winglet 214 may be plugged to close the passage 508 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates a front cut-away view of another exemplary embodiment of the blade 200 along the line A-A in FIG. 2 .
- the illustrated embodiment includes a cooling passage 604 that is communicative with the cavity 302 and a port 606 .
- the port 606 disposed in a groove 608 that is formed in the winglet 214 .
- the groove 608 offsets the port 606 radially inward from the outer radius of the blade 200 .
- the offset of the port 606 discourages the obstruction of the port 606 if the blade 202 contacts a shroud 601 that surrounds the blades 200 and the rotor 202 .
- the cooling passage 604 operates in a similar manner to the cooling passage 304 described above.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a partially cut-away perspective view of a portion of a turbine engine 700 .
- the turbine engine 700 includes a plurality of blades 200 having the winglets 214 arranged on a rotor assembly 702 enclosed by a shroud 704 .
- the direction of the gas flow path of the turbine engine 700 is shown by arrow 701 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/582,927 US8414265B2 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2009-10-21 | Turbines and turbine blade winglets |
DE102010038073.3A DE102010038073B4 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-08 | Turbines and turbine blade winglets |
JP2010233176A JP5706660B2 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-18 | Turbine and turbine blade winglets |
CH01696/10A CH702101B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-18 | Turbine blade with winglet. |
CN201010533223.6A CN102042039B (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | turbine and turbine blade fin |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/582,927 US8414265B2 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2009-10-21 | Turbines and turbine blade winglets |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110091327A1 US20110091327A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
US8414265B2 true US8414265B2 (en) | 2013-04-09 |
Family
ID=43877795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/582,927 Active 2032-01-13 US8414265B2 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2009-10-21 | Turbines and turbine blade winglets |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8414265B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5706660B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102042039B (en) |
CH (1) | CH702101B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010038073B4 (en) |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8777567B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2014-07-15 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine blades, turbine assemblies, and methods of manufacturing turbine blades |
US20150110617A1 (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-04-23 | General Electric Company | Turbine airfoil including tip fillet |
US20150361808A1 (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-17 | Snecma | Turbomachine vane including an antivortex fin |
EP2987956A1 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2016-02-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Compressor aerofoil |
US9528379B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2016-12-27 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket having serpentine core |
US9551226B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2017-01-24 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket with endwall contour and airfoil profile |
US9638041B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2017-05-02 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket having non-axisymmetric base contour |
US9670784B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2017-06-06 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket base having serpentine cooling passage with leading edge cooling |
US9797258B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2017-10-24 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket including cooling passage with turn |
US9816389B2 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2017-11-14 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine rotor blades with tip portion parapet wall cavities |
US9856739B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2018-01-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine blades with tip portions having converging cooling holes |
US9879544B2 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2018-01-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine rotor blades with improved tip portion cooling holes |
US20180347375A1 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-06 | General Electric Company | Airfoil with tip rail cooling |
US20180355727A1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-13 | General Electric Company | Turbomachine Blade Cooling Structure and Related Methods |
US20190338653A1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-07 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Turbine blade and gas turbine including same |
US10539157B2 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2020-01-21 | Horton, Inc. | Fan blade surface features |
US10787932B2 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2020-09-29 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine blade with dust tolerant cooling system |
US11248469B2 (en) | 2018-10-01 | 2022-02-15 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Turbine blade having cooling hole in winglet and gas turbine including the same |
US20220220855A1 (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-14 | General Electric Company | Airfoils for gas turbine engines |
US11396813B2 (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2022-07-26 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Rough cast blading with modified trailing edge geometry |
US20220243597A1 (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-04 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Airfoil with a squealer tip cooling system for a turbine blade, a turbine blade, a turbine blade assembly, a gas turbine and a manufacturing method |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2336492A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Guide vane with a winglet for an energy converting machine and machine for converting energy comprising the guide vane |
GB201006451D0 (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2010-06-02 | Rolls Royce Plc | Blades |
GB201017797D0 (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2010-12-01 | Rolls Royce Plc | An aerofoil structure |
US9273561B2 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2016-03-01 | General Electric Company | Cooling structures for turbine rotor blade tips |
US20140044557A1 (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-13 | General Electric Company | Turbine blade and method for cooling the turbine blade |
US9845683B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 | 2017-12-19 | United Technology Corporation | Gas turbine engine rotor blade |
JP2014148938A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-21 | Siemens Ag | Film-cooled turbine blade for turbomachine |
EP2921647A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-23 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Gas turbine blade comprising bended leading and trailing edges |
US10253637B2 (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2019-04-09 | General Electric Company | Method and system for improving turbine blade performance |
WO2018063353A1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbine blade and squealer tip |
US10830082B2 (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2020-11-10 | General Electric Company | Systems including rotor blade tips and circumferentially grooved shrouds |
WO2019035802A1 (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2019-02-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbine blade and corresponding method of servicing |
Citations (12)
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US4768922A (en) | 1986-09-15 | 1988-09-06 | Avco Corporation | Variable stator and shroud assembly |
US5261789A (en) | 1992-08-25 | 1993-11-16 | General Electric Company | Tip cooled blade |
US5282721A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1994-02-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Passive clearance system for turbine blades |
US6494678B1 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-17 | General Electric Company | Film cooled blade tip |
US6565324B1 (en) | 1999-03-24 | 2003-05-20 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Turbine blade with bracket in tip region |
US6869270B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2005-03-22 | General Electric Company | Turbine blade cover cooling apparatus and method of fabrication |
US7118329B2 (en) | 2003-12-11 | 2006-10-10 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Tip sealing for a turbine rotor blade |
US20080213098A1 (en) | 2007-02-05 | 2008-09-04 | Matthias Neef | Free-standing turbine blade |
US7494319B1 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2009-02-24 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Turbine blade tip configuration |
US7632062B2 (en) * | 2004-04-17 | 2009-12-15 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine rotor blades |
US8133032B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2012-03-13 | Rolls-Royce, Plc | Rotor blades |
US8246307B2 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2012-08-21 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Blade for a rotor |
Family Cites Families (6)
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US7175391B2 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2007-02-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Turbine blade |
US7246999B2 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2007-07-24 | General Electric Company | Stepped outlet turbine airfoil |
US7510376B2 (en) * | 2005-08-25 | 2009-03-31 | General Electric Company | Skewed tip hole turbine blade |
US7281894B2 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-10-16 | General Electric Company | Turbine airfoil curved squealer tip with tip shelf |
US8512003B2 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2013-08-20 | General Electric Company | Tip ramp turbine blade |
EP2093378A1 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-08-26 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Upgrading method for a blade by retrofitting a winglet, and correspondingly upgraded blade |
-
2009
- 2009-10-21 US US12/582,927 patent/US8414265B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-10-08 DE DE102010038073.3A patent/DE102010038073B4/en active Active
- 2010-10-18 JP JP2010233176A patent/JP5706660B2/en active Active
- 2010-10-18 CH CH01696/10A patent/CH702101B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-10-21 CN CN201010533223.6A patent/CN102042039B/en active Active
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4768922A (en) | 1986-09-15 | 1988-09-06 | Avco Corporation | Variable stator and shroud assembly |
US5282721A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1994-02-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Passive clearance system for turbine blades |
US5261789A (en) | 1992-08-25 | 1993-11-16 | General Electric Company | Tip cooled blade |
US6565324B1 (en) | 1999-03-24 | 2003-05-20 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Turbine blade with bracket in tip region |
US6494678B1 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-17 | General Electric Company | Film cooled blade tip |
US6869270B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2005-03-22 | General Electric Company | Turbine blade cover cooling apparatus and method of fabrication |
US7118329B2 (en) | 2003-12-11 | 2006-10-10 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Tip sealing for a turbine rotor blade |
US7632062B2 (en) * | 2004-04-17 | 2009-12-15 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine rotor blades |
US7494319B1 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2009-02-24 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Turbine blade tip configuration |
US20080213098A1 (en) | 2007-02-05 | 2008-09-04 | Matthias Neef | Free-standing turbine blade |
US8133032B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2012-03-13 | Rolls-Royce, Plc | Rotor blades |
US8246307B2 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2012-08-21 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Blade for a rotor |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8777567B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2014-07-15 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine blades, turbine assemblies, and methods of manufacturing turbine blades |
US9856739B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2018-01-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine blades with tip portions having converging cooling holes |
US9879544B2 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2018-01-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine rotor blades with improved tip portion cooling holes |
US9816389B2 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2017-11-14 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine rotor blades with tip portion parapet wall cavities |
US20150110617A1 (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-04-23 | General Electric Company | Turbine airfoil including tip fillet |
US9528379B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2016-12-27 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket having serpentine core |
US9551226B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2017-01-24 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket with endwall contour and airfoil profile |
US9638041B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2017-05-02 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket having non-axisymmetric base contour |
US9670784B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2017-06-06 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket base having serpentine cooling passage with leading edge cooling |
US9797258B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2017-10-24 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket including cooling passage with turn |
US10260361B2 (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2019-04-16 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Turbomachine vane including an antivortex fin |
US20150361808A1 (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-17 | Snecma | Turbomachine vane including an antivortex fin |
US10458427B2 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2019-10-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Compressor aerofoil |
EP2987956A1 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2016-02-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Compressor aerofoil |
US10662975B2 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2020-05-26 | Horton, Inc. | Fan blade surface features |
US10539157B2 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2020-01-21 | Horton, Inc. | Fan blade surface features |
US20180347375A1 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-06 | General Electric Company | Airfoil with tip rail cooling |
US10830057B2 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-11-10 | General Electric Company | Airfoil with tip rail cooling |
US10704406B2 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-07-07 | General Electric Company | Turbomachine blade cooling structure and related methods |
US20180355727A1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-13 | General Electric Company | Turbomachine Blade Cooling Structure and Related Methods |
US20190338653A1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-07 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Turbine blade and gas turbine including same |
US11008874B2 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-05-18 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Turbine blade and gas turbine including same |
US11396813B2 (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2022-07-26 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Rough cast blading with modified trailing edge geometry |
US10787932B2 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2020-09-29 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine blade with dust tolerant cooling system |
US11333042B2 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2022-05-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine blade with dust tolerant cooling system |
US11248469B2 (en) | 2018-10-01 | 2022-02-15 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Turbine blade having cooling hole in winglet and gas turbine including the same |
US20220220855A1 (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-14 | General Electric Company | Airfoils for gas turbine engines |
US11608746B2 (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2023-03-21 | General Electric Company | Airfoils for gas turbine engines |
US20220243597A1 (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-04 | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. | Airfoil with a squealer tip cooling system for a turbine blade, a turbine blade, a turbine blade assembly, a gas turbine and a manufacturing method |
US11572792B2 (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2023-02-07 | Doosan Enerbility Co., Ltd. | Airfoil with a squealer tip cooling system for a turbine blade, a turbine blade, a turbine blade assembly, a gas turbine and a manufacturing method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH702101B1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
CN102042039B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
JP2011089517A (en) | 2011-05-06 |
CN102042039A (en) | 2011-05-04 |
DE102010038073B4 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
JP5706660B2 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
DE102010038073A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
CH702101A2 (en) | 2011-04-29 |
US20110091327A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
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