US839171A - Multistage turbine. - Google Patents

Description

10.839,171. vPATENTED DEC. 25, 1905. f G. MBYI-:RSBERQ MULTISTAGE. TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED HAY 18. 1905.

. Witnesses. Inventor A UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIOE.

eUSTAV MEYERSBERG, OF BERLTN, GERMANY,-Ass1GNOR To GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, ACORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

MULTISTAGE' TURBINE.

Speccation of Letters Patent.

Patented nele. 25,' 190e.

Applicatie; nea nay 1a, '1905. serial No. 261.031.

Too/ZZ whom it may concern." a Be it known that I, GUsTAv MEYERsBERG,

a subject of the eror of Austria-Hunn thev design and construction of elastic-A `iluid turbines for marine purposes there are two principal conditions to be consideredc'. e., a favorable steam consumption on one hand and the smallest possible weight and space on the other. The first condition depends, presu posin tion, on the Ikind o sta e division. Stages in which theft/is 'viva o the steam flowing from the nozzles is Vabstracted byv aA single row oiv wheel-buckets in one operation are more effective than those having two or more rows of wheel-buckets arranged to abstractv the vis viva, in twojor more operations. The

' greater the number of operations required to abstract the velocity ofthe steam in each f stage the lower will be .the degree of effectiveness ofeach stage. The magnitude of the `drop in pressure in the stage also has to be considered in this connection. A small drop in plre'ssure per stage means a more effective uti f rows of wheel-buckets and the necessary in` z'ation of the steam than ar large drop. On the other hand, if the `velocity of the .steam is abstracted byV anumber of' successive operations, as by the use of a number of termediates, the said operation being accom- `chine can be reduced.

panied by a large drop in pressure per stage, the tot-al number of sta es for a. given man or example, with a'. `certain differencein terminal pressures three stages'will be necessary to eiciently abstract theenergy of the steam or other motive iuid buckets, while withthe same bucket velocity 'andthree rows et', wheel-buckets per stage zation of the motive Huid without, however, being excessively heavyi. L

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 4shows in longitudinal section a turbine repa good det/ail construc-4 wheel-buckets .f

e present invention has for its object'to provide a turbine which is eflicient in its ut1l1" Vacuum end of the turbine.` This arrangementihas the advantage that the pressure of the steam is quickly'and materially reduced,

.thereby dispensing with stron -walled and heavycasings and reducing the osses due to steam friction, which losses are less with lowpressuresteam than with high.

Owing to the use of a single rowof wheelbuckets per stage inthe low-pressure stages, the utilization oil thesteam is' carried to the extreme. In the high-pressure stages, where v the volume of motive fluid is small, only a part of the` Wheel is active-that is to say, the nozzles or devices 4, discharging fluid to the ',wheel, only-cover a limited are, of the bucket circumference. In'this way wheels of large diameter may be employed. In Vthe low-pressure stages, however, all of the buckets in each stage'are utilized. To state the matter in a dic-erent way, the high-pressure stagso erateon the partial-ow-injection plan, w ilethe low-pressure stages op- -eratelon the total-iiow-injection plan. By

using the entire bucket circumference of'4 the low-pressure stages all of the bucketsy may be mounted on a single drum and arranged concentrically one row behind the other. Instead of a single drum', two or more may 'be used and placed one behind the other on the shaft to form, in effect, a single drum. This arrangement dispenses. with the dia- 'hragms orvfpartitions 5, used between thel igh-pressure stages, .and at the s'arne time A decreases the axial length. of themachine. The nozzles or other devices-5, which dischargefluid against the buckets of the lowpressure wheels, are supported by the casing.

Under certain conditions it may be desir.- able to followthe total-injection plan into the high-pressure" stages, as well as in the low; but this results in increasing the length of the machines. On the other hand, it may be desirable to' follow the partial-injection nozzles of the succeeding stages.

plan as to some of the low-pressure stages; but this also will increase the length of the machine.

If a symmetrical' arrangement is desired, it is possible to divide the low-pressure stages into two or more parts and to arrange them on opposite sides of the high-pressure stages and let the steam ow through them one after the other or in parallel. Moreover, the shafts `for the high and low pressure stages may be mechanically separate and rotate at thesame or different speed. It is thus possible to obtain a high and one or more low pressure turbines with the most favorable distribution possible between weight and length of structure, on the one hand, and degree of effectiveness on the other.

In the first stage the velocity of the iiuidis abstracted' by four operations. Hence four rows of wheel-buckets are provided, while in the second and third stages theenerg'y is abstracted by three operations, and hence three rows of wheel-buckets are provided.- From this construction it follows that the drop in pressure is greater in the irst stage than in the subsequent stages and also that the velocity of the motive fluid is greater.' A

In Fig. 2 I have shown a partof a sectionalized nozzle in cross-section, whose expansion lratio is vsuch that it converts a greater amount of pressure into velocity than do the No attempt has .been here made to show the exact expansion ratio. necessary on account of the extremely small scale of the drawing.

I have shown vand described Jone means for obtainin a higher velocity in the first sta e than 'in t e subse uent stages; but it is to e understood that t e invention in its broader aspects is not lspeciically limited' thereto,

- since the desired relation of steam velocities in. the'di'erent stagesgcan be obtained by other means, as is well understood in the art to which this'invention relates.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to re resent the best embodiment thereof; but

I esire tc have it understood that the apparatus shown is'only illustrative and that the in'vention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a multistage turbine, the combination of high-pressure stages, having wheels which' are partially supplied `with motive fluid, the motive fluid'in the irst stage having a greater velocity than that in the subsequent stag'es, low pressure stages -having wheels which are fully sup lied with motive fluid, and partitions which) are located between the highressure stages only.

2. A turbine having high and low ressure stages, in combinationwith rows o wheelbuckets in each ofthe high-pressure stages for abstracting theenergy ofthe motive fluid by successive fractions, a single row of wheelbuckets in each of the lowressure stages for abstracting the energy of t e liuid in each stage in a single operation, ex anding nozzles for discharging iiuid to t e high-pressure stages, nozzles or devices or Idischarging uid to the low-pressure stages, and artitions which are-located between the lhighpressure stages only.

'3. A turbine having high and low ressure stagls, in combination with rows wheellbuc ets in each of the high-pressure stages, for abstracting the energy of the motive fluid by successive fractions, nozzles or devices which extend over a limited arc and discharge motive uid against a portion only of the buckets in each of the high-pressure 8` stages for abstracting the energy of the iuid in each stage by vsuccessive operations, the nozzles of the rst stage converting a greater percentage of the pressure into velocity than those ofthe subsequent stages, nozzles or 9 devices for the low-pressure stages which surround the wheel-shaft and dischar e fluid against all of the wheel-buckets, an artitions which are located between the ighpressure stages only and support the highg pressure nozzles or devices.

In witnessvwhereor` I have hereunto set my hand this 18th day of A ril, 1905.

' GUSTA MEYERSBERG. Witnesses:

JULrUs RUMLAND, `CARL RICKELAN,

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