US83527A - Improvement in steam-generators - Google Patents

Description

E. P. MOSMAN, DECEASED, (ALBERT S. BOLLES AND` SARAH E. MOSMAN, ADMINIS- TRATORS,) 0F NORWICH, CONNECTICUT.

Lette/rs Pfl/tent No. 83,527, (letal ,October 27, 1868; meterla-red October 24 1868.

INIPROVEMENT IN' STEAM-GENERATORS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part ofthe same.

To all lwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, E.. P. MOSMAN, of Norwich, in the county of New London, and State ofGonnecticut, have invented a newand improved Steam-Boiler; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the-accompanying drawings, making a part of this Lspecification, in which- Figure 1, sheet '1, is a diametrical section through my improved boilen. enclosed by a jacketbr water- 4 v boilers.

Figure is a front elevation ofthe boiler without Vits water-jacket.

Similar letters of' reference indicate lcorresponding parts in the several figures.

The leading object of my invention is to secure a thorough diffusion, in thin streams or sheets, of the. water or vapor in its circulation, and at the same time eii'ect a rapid evaporation and consequent rapid generation or -superheating ofsteam; and to this end I have devised a 'new construction of evaporizer, as will be hereinafter described.

Another of the objects of my invention is to obtain l a much greater proportion of exposed heating-surface,

in a steam-boiler of a given size, than has hitherto been attained in an boiler of the same size with which I am acquainted; at the same time to provide for allowing access to every part ofthe iue and water-spaces, and to aii'ord freedom for the heated products of combustion to circulate through the nue-spaces on their' way to the main escape-fine.

Another object of my inventionI is to so arrange and combine a number or series of horizontal short sections of a flue-boiler and horizontal evaporizers, within a casing which is wholly or partially surrounded with water, that said boilers andl 'cvaponzers form between and around them flue-spaces for the circulation of heated products of combustion; at the same time to have the iced-water heated 'by waste heat from the flue-shell on its way to said sections of a boiler and said evaporizers,

as will be hereinafter explained.

Another object of' my invention is 'to employ, in conjunction with a water-jacket for containing feed-water to be supplied to the boiler, certain conduits, which will lead the water vertically through the centre of the fire-chamber, and through the iirst or lowermost shortfine boiler to the iirstor lowermost evaporizer, whereby the water is gradually brought to a boiliug-pointbefore it is exposed to the evaporizers, and a circulation of the water and rapid generation of steam eiiected.

Another object of' my invention is to employ, 1n conjunction with one or more horizontal short-flue sectlons of' a boiler, air evaporizer, which is so constructed thatthe water shall be caused to flow in thin sheets from its centre to its circumterencehor, 'vice '1:ersa, from circumference to centre, and thence back again on itspway to a higher short-iiue boiler or evapo1'izer,as will be Ahereinafter explained.

Another object of my invention is to so interrupt or deflect the ascending currents of the heated products risingii'om the nre-chamber, by means of short- -iiue sections of a boiler, and by evaporizers, that the iniiammable gases shall be arrested long enough to effect, by a mixture'of air with them, their total con- 4sumption before they reach the .point or points of exit from the boiler, as will be hereinafter explained.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I will describe its construction and operation. i

'lhe body of the boiler may be composed of' three or, more horizontal sections or parts,-properly united together, and so shaped that, when united, the boiler, when taken in vertical section, presents the form of an ellipse.

The lowermost section is mounted upon a suitable base, A5, and consists of a flaring fire-chamber, 1),1

which is enclosed by the outer wall C, lined with reber D.

At the base of the fire-chamber I)l is a grate, D2, which may be made in any suitable manner, so that it will tilt and also oscillate about a central axis or support; and lbelow this grate, D2, is the contracted ashpit, C1, which is surrounded by a jacket, G2, as shown in iig-s. l. and 2, for the purpose of preventing the escape of heat, and also for affording an additional basesupport for the superimposed weight.

- The tire-chamber Dl is fed with fuel through chutes or Vpassages P P, which open at-points above the rechamber, through the upper termination of the flaringv wall O, as shown in fig. 2 at It 7.1. These chutes, P P, arearranged diametrically opposite each other, and serve to allow the lire to be fed with 'fuel at a point above the bed of coals therein.

Directly over the hre-chamber Dl is the irst short- Viine section, F, which is arranged in a horizontal plane,

, the fines nearest the sides of 'this .lire-chamber, Where the combustion would be slowest, more rapidly fand freely than such productsare allowed to pass vthrough the lues nearest the centre of the boiler. By thus arranging the said iiues over the hre-chamber, the

surface of the bed of' coals will be uniformly incandescent, and consequently the'bottom of the boiler F will be uniformly subjected to heat throughout.

On top of -this short-flue section, F, studs or posts, b, are constructed, which are adapted for supporting an evaporizer, H, and which are made of sufficient height to allow access to a person between the boiler and evaporizer, for inspecting or repairing the same.

'lhe cvaporizer consists of two parallel disks, of cast or wrought-metal united together, by means of a band or hoop, so as t-o form a narrow chamber, within which is centrally arranged a disk, l, of cast or wroughtmetal.

The disk l is supported and held in place by means of studs, o c, as shown in fir'. 1, and it is of less diameter than the case or box H, so asto leave an annular passage around it for the ascent of the water or steam admitted below said plate I, as will be hereinafter described.

Surrounding the cvaporizer H is a ring, Gr, which is sustained upon the top plate of the short-ilue-boiler section F, and made of .suoli diameter as will eircom- .pass all of the vertical lines u, through the said boilersection, and leave an annular space around the evaporizer for the ascent of the products of combustion rising through the tubes (c a of the boiler-section F, as indicated by the black arrows in iig. 1.

0n the top of the ring G, and resting thereon, is another short-flue-boiler section, J, provided with ihres, a a., which are arranged in an exact converse order to the arrangement of the tlues a a of the lower-most boiler-section, F; that is to say, the fluetubes a, of the boiler-section J, are made quite small in diameter nearest the circumference of this shell J, and gradually increase in diameter as they approach the centre thereof, as shown in iig. l. By thus arranging the largestl fines a nearest the centre of the shell J, it will be seen that the draught will be greatest at said point, and consequently the products of combustionwill `be carried over the evaporizer ou its way to said tlues.

Such an, arrangement of lines will equalize the draught, and cause a uniform heatA over the eva-porizer and beneath the second flue-boiler section.

Above this ihre-boiler section J is another' evaporizer, H1, constructed exactly like 'the first one above mentioned; and above this evaporizer is another short-flue-boiler section, J, constructed exactly like the boiler-sections F and J and above this boiler'- section J is another evaporizer, H, which completes` the series or nest.

On top of the lowermost section of the boiler, and suitably united to the lower shell C, is an annular waterchamber,j,' which is formed by the two shells R C. This annular chamber j forms a water-jacket around the interior flue-chamber of the boiler, as shown in iig. 1. This water-jacket is supplied with water from a suitable pump through a" pipe, ,-applied near its upper end, and after circulating around space j, the water passes off through a pipe, j, into the lowermost short-ilue-boiler section F. From this boiler the water escapes through a pipe, jz, arranged diametrically opposite pipe jl, and passes down beneath the grate D2 to a centrally-arranged vertical pipe, ja, which latter rises through the fire-chamber D, through the centre of the short-flue-boiler section F, and through the bottom plate of the evaporizer H.

To prevent a rapid destruction of the vertical pipe j, it may be enclosed and protected with {ire-brick,

1)*,as shown in figs. l and 2.

Thus it will be seen that the feed-water forced into the chamber j will absorb a large quantity of heat, which is radiated from the shell R, and thus become vwarmed on its way to the steam-generator or shortflue-boiler section F; and it will also be seen that the water thus warmed will be conducted horizontally n over the tire-chamber D1, through boilersection F, and thence vertically through said tire-chamber, and through said boiler-section F, whence it enters the first evaporizer H, as above shown.

The evaporizer H communicates with the boilersection J, arranged directly above it, by means of several short pipes, e c, arranged around a central vertical pipe, j, which latter' forms a communication between said evaporizer H and the evaporizcr H, as

shown in' iig. l.

The boiler-section J communicates with the boilersection J, through pipes g, and boiler-section J1 communicates with the steam-chamber, or steam and water-chamber K, through pipes g', and -also through the small evaporizer or superheater H2 and central pipe f, as clearly shown in iig. 1.

The red arrows in iig. 1 indicate the course of the water and steam from the annular chamber j, through the several boilers and evaporizers, to the steam-chamber' E.

The. third and highest section or part of the boiler consists of the crown-sheet L, which covers the fluespaces, and forms the base of the steam-chamber K; also a dome, R', which, with'the crown-sheet L, cncloses this steam-chamber, and also an outer dome-` shaped jacket, C, which forms a Hue-space, h', into which the products of combustion escape through openings h, and from which such products escape through the chimney N, as indicated by the black arrows in fig. 1.

The 'openings h may be arranged close together, and extend entirely around the shell through which they are made, so as to have large an exit as may 'be required to afford a good draught.

By the arrangement shown in the drawings, some ofthe water will be subjected alternately to the shortline-boiler sections, while the rest of it will pass directly from one evaporizcr to another.

The heated products of combustion rising to the escape-openings h will'be alternately brought in contact with the short-Hue boilers and evaporizers.

lnstead of having short-flue boilers alternating with the evaporizers, as shown, all the short-flue boilers above that which is next the fire-chamber may be left out, and evaporizers substituted in their stead.v

. Under' this arrangement, there may bc a direct cornmunication through the centres of the several evaporizers leading from the short-flue boiler tothe steamdome, and each evaporizer may communicate with the succeeding one above it by means of pipes appliedat the circumference of the evaporizers, so that while part of the water will circulate readily over the distributing-plates or diaphragms I., to their perimeters, part of the water will rise directlythrough. the several evaporizers.

In carrying out my invention, I shall not confine myself to the precise arrangement shown in the drawings, as the parts may be arranged differently, to adapt them to the requirements of the case..

For boilers wherein saline water is to be used, I shall construct a salt-well beneath the ash-pit, with a suitable self-regulator and blow-off applied to it, and form communications between the short-iinc-boiler sections, and evaporizers, and this well, so as to carry off all sediment which may be deposited.

The lboiler may be provided with air-pipes leading from points at or near the ash-pit, into thc tine-spaces between the evaporizers or short-iiuc-boilcr sections, for the purpose of supplying oxygen in considera-blc quantities to the gaseous products of combustion, and thus effecting their total combustion.

The furnace may bc providedwith a water-jacket applied so as to completely envelop it, for the purpose of absorbing heat which would otherwise be carried ofi; and, if desirable, the entire body of the boiler may be encased in an air or water-jacket, A, as shown by fig. 1, Which'jacket or jackets may communicate, in a suitable manner, with the Water-Spacey', which is interposed between the fire-chamber and steani-dome.v

The feed-pump or feed-Water apparatus ina-y be provided with an automatic regulator so constructed that What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An evaporize'r for a steam-boiler, consisting of a ranged within it, substantially as described.

2. The combination of short-{iue-boiler sections and evapoiizers, constructed, arranged, and communicating with'each other, substantially as described.

3. Afeed-water-heating chamber, combined with a shortilueb0iler section or sections, substantially as described.

scribed, of conducting the water from a chamber, j,

horizontally over the iire-chamber, and thence Vertically through said re-chalnber.

Witnesses: E. P. MGSMAN.

SAM. Gr. HALL,

Gno. PERKLNs.

case or shell, H, with an enclosed diaphragm, I, ar`

4. The manner, substantially as shown and del

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