US834322A - Subway or tunnel construction. - Google Patents

Description

- tion showing RICHARD w. RAFTIs, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,

To EDWARD I. EASTMAN,

OF CHICAGO.' ILLINOIS.

`SlIJBWAY OR TUNNEL COINSTRUCTIQN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ou. so, 1906.

- Appunti@ ned Apruzv. e. saam. 314.015.

.To all whom t may con/cern.-

Be it known that I, RICHARD WRAE'IIS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and Improved' Subway or Tunnel Construction, of which the following is a specification.v A

My invention relates more v articularly to that 'class of subways or tunneIsin which eX- treme dryness is a desirable feature, but 'is applicable on account of its cheapness of construction to all typesV of subwaysI or tunnels, and has for its object to produce a tunnel or subway which will be impervious to moisture and which will prevent the condensation of moisture upon the inner wall of the said tunnel and to accomplishthe above results in an exceedingly inexpensive manner.

The means of accomplishing the above re'- sults may be more easily comprehended'by having reference to the accompanying drawings, which are hereunto annexed and are a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 1s a cross-section of a tunnel or subway, showing my improved construction in use. Fig. 2 is an enlargeddetail view in section on line X X in Fig. 1.. Fig. 3 is a seca portion of the arch in enlarged detail.'

Similar figures refer to similar throughout the entire description.

In F ig. 1 the wall of the tunnel isconparts structed of' a mass of concrete 1, which forms theA sides and arch f the tunnel or subway` Metal binding members sary, in its construction. The base consists of two layers 2 and 3 of concrete ha ving a row of hollow tiles. 4 put in between the two layers. It is necessary that the upper layer 2 should be of sufficient thickness to I'event the traffic from crushing the course o hollow tilc'4. I/Vithin the layer of concreto which forms the outer surface of the side walls and arch l erect an inner layer of tile, which is formed, better seen in the detailviews, with a main. body portion 5, which is formed with hollow openings 6 extending therethrough. The main body is rectangular and has on one side securing-arms 7, S, and 9. These arms extend outwardly and have on their adjacent faces inwarolyrojecting lugs or Shoulders 10. These shoul ers are formed by angles 117 which are forty-ivel and extend from a point 12 slightly above riay be used, if necesdegrees the side faces 13 of the main body portion 5. Practice has shown that the best results are obtained by using anangle of forty-five degrees on these shoulders. p

It is necessary as a rule in constructing tunnelsorv subways o concrete to erect a sta inv of timbers to support the concrete, an w en bn'ck'is emplo ed it is necessary not only to erectthe staging, masons, and a very vconslderable amount of .exceedingly skilled labor is emplo ed in doing the maso -work on tunns so constructed. By t e use of my improved construction no masonry-work is necessaryat all and only the very cheapest labor 1s 'mployed'to set the'tile instead of the skilled masons, as in other forms of construction,

and where my construction is used it makes a"perfectly dry subway or tunnel, which is not the case either of the brick or concrete construction except where hollow tile are built up on the interior of the walls, which again increases the expense, owing to the fact that it has to be put up by masons.

In constructing a tunnel utilizing my improvement after the staging is erected all that is necessary to do is to lay the tile loosely upon the stagin and then when the concrete is spilled in t e' hardening of the concrete does all of the work necessary to do to form a wall which will be impervious' to moisture and upon whose inner surface no 'condensation will take place, and the whole results-in a erfectly dry construction atja minimum oiPcost.

Having described my invention, what' I desire to secure by Letters'Patent is- I 1. A tunnel or subway having its walls formed of an outer layer of concrete and an internal lining of tile, said tile being formed of a main body portion having openings therein, securing-arms projected from onel of the side faces of being provided with inwardly extending shoulders, said shoulders being formed by an angle of fort -five de rees extend-ing from a point upon t e arm s ightly beyond the side ace of the body ortion, for the purpose set forth substantial y as described.

2. A tunnel or subway whe walls consist of the combination of concrete having a plurality of `binding members located therein with an internal lining of tiles, said tiles consisting of a main body portion having an ASSIGNOR OF- ONE-SIXTH but to employ the sald body portion, said arms opening therethrough, and a pluralit}v of securing-arms projected from one of the side faces ofthe said body portion, said arms he- 'ing provided with inwardly-extending shoul- 5 ders, for the purpose set forth substantiallyT j as described.`

3'. A tunnel or subwayhaving its side walls and arch formed bj. the eombinat ion of eoncrete with an inner lining of tiles, the said lo .tiles consisting of a bod)v portion having openings therethrough and securing-arms projected from one of the side faces of the said body portion, said arms being provided with inwanlhY extending shoulders, said i5 shoulders being formed by an angle of forty- -ive degrees extending from a point upon the arm slightly beyond the side face of the body portion, for the purpose set forth substantiallyasdescrihed. j

4. A tunnel or subwajV having its side walls and arch formed by the combination of concrete with an' inner linin of tiles, the said tiles consisting of 'a bot y portion having *openings therethrough and securing-arms 2 5 projected from one ofA the side faces of the said body portion, said arms being provided 1 `with inwardly extending Shoulders, said 'shoulders being formed by an langle of fortyfive degrees extending from a point upon the arm slightly beyond the side face of the body `portion, the bottom or loor wall boing formed of two lavers of concrete, having a` layer of hollow tile located between the two layers, `.111 combined and arranged substantia-llyY as `set forth.

5. A tunnel or subway -having its side walls and areh formed of. the combination of concrete having a pluralit)Y of binding members loe-ated therein with an inner lining of tiles` the said tiles consisting of a body portion having` openings therethrough and securingarms projected Jfrom one of the side faces of j thc` said body portion, said arms being provided with in\\ardl`\f-extending shoulders, said shoulders being formed by an angle of fortv-iive degrees extending from a point upon the arm IslighthY beyond the side face. of l the body portion, the. bottom or loor wall be ing formed of two layers of concrete, having l a layer of hollow tile located between the two S layers, all combined and arranged substain "Y tiall)Y as set forth.

RlCHAltD YV. RAF'llS.

Vitnesses: j H. L. DoDsoN, j J. ll. CARRoLL.

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