US834074A - Hose. - Google Patents

Description

No. 834,07 PATENTED OCT. 23, 1906.

- J. s. PATTERSON.

HOSE.

APPLICATION II'LED AUG. 30. 1905.

WITNESSES: v fl lNVENTORz f -mzw g To all whom/it may concern..-

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

a ,JOHN s. PATTERSON; oF CHELSEA. MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR To JAMES s. WILSON, or CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.

HOSE... I

Y No. 834,074.

' Be it known that I, JOHN S. PATTERSON, a

citizen ofjthe United States, residing at Chelsea, 1n the county of Sufi'olk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hose, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rubber or analogous hose of the kind having'core's or strengthening-webs of textile fabric.

Prior to this invention rubber hosehas been chiefly of three kinds'or typesnamely,

first, fabric hose, comprising-a fiat web of woven fabric saturated with rubber-or composition and wound on a mandrel for as manyturns as give the number of thicknesses desired to make, for example, two y, three-ply, or four-ply hose; second',.

- gle shuttle is used, and the pitch of which increases with a given size of weft in direct proportion to' the number of shuttles, so that with a four-shuttle loom the weft has quite a perceptible pitch. With each of these kinds of hose there io ordinarily an inner 1min tube of rubber and an outer covering of ru ber or rubber composition, often protected externall b Y a layer of friction fabric. With eachkin a sothe textile core is usually so impregnated with rubber or the like as to be impervious, and 1n case of two or more la ers or plies of textile fabric these are unite by the impre ating composition or by an intervening ayer of rubber or other cementing material.

The fabric hose has in the ast been the most extensively used, The fa lie is ordinaril y cut'on the bias, so.that it is applied with its warp and weft threads extending obliquely to the hose. It is sometimes also a plied with its threads extending lon 'tudinall transversely of the hose. he disa vantages of fabric hose are that it is unsymmetrical and with'a bias fabric is liable to swell Specification of Letters Patent.-

Application filed August30,1905. Serial No. 276.387-

' but this m and ' Patented Oct. 23, 1906 by reason of the steep spiral of itstextilethreads it swells under pressure and if loosely braided also stretches endwise. In some instances it is found to swell transversely and shorten endwise under pressure. YBraided hose is intrinsically weak and incapable of successfully sustaining a material internal pressure.

The most perfect hoseheretofore made and stretch under ressure, and for use with has beenthe woven hose.- It is very strong,

does not ex and or swell under pressure, and ordinaril incapab' ity of ex anding,'howe%er, renders it almost impossi le to force the shank of a coupling into it without injuring, it, which in oes not stretch or shorten. Its

practice is. a serious disadvantage. It also.

1s subject to a tendency totwist under pressure, owin to the fact that its weft-threads are applie spirally. This tendency would be practically eliminated or scarcely erceptible if the core were woven with on y a.

single shuttle lying on a single weft, because of the lowpitch of the spiral of, such weft;

es its production so slow as to be unduly expensive. It is desirable to operate the circular loom with at least four shuttles,

and. referably with eight shuttles, sincethere y with a given speed of rotation. the hOSB lS woven four times or eightptimes as fast as would be the case with a single shuttle; but the use of four wefts gives such a percepti ble pitch that the hose exhibits a ve annoymg twist under pressure. This efect is much more marked with eight wefts and becomes so annoying that theuse of ei ht shuttles is ractically interdicted. he steeper pitch 1s due to the combined'width of the wefts for one turn, being (according to i the number of shuttles) four or eight times the width of a single w'eft.

My present invention relates to Woven hose of two or more plies and aims to avoid "the tendency. of the hose to twist under pressure and to impart to it sufficient elastic ty :to enable it to receive the shank of a coupling without injury, while avoiding any weakening of the hose in its resistance to internal pressure.

To these ends my invention provides as the reinforcing means a combination of two (or more) layers or plies of woven fabric each of the character produced by weaving on a circular loomthat is to say, each has longitudinal warps and spiral wefts, the wefts of one fabric or web being right-hand and those of the other being left-hand spirals. The weft spirals should be of equal pitch in order that the tendency of an internal pressure to impart a right-hand twist to one web shall be neutralized by its tendency to impart an equal left-hand twist to the other web. To this end the two webs or textile layers are interengaging, being so united that neither can move or twist under pressure inde endently of the other. This is best done y cementin them together by an intervening layer 0 rubber composition.

While my invention is embodied in a twoply hose, it is not limited thereto ,since there may be two, three, or more layers of tubular woven fabric with their wefts extended spirally in alternately opposite directions, so as to mutually'resist and neutralize the twisting tendency of one another.

While my invention might be realized in a hose the woven layers of which have each but a single weft-thread, yet it is preferable that the wefts be spirals of steeper pitch, and preferably at least as steep as that corres ending to the use of four wefts or to the emp oyment of four shuttles in the loom. My lnvention goes further, however, and contemplates the employment of-eight or even more shuttles, depending, however, upon the size and diameter of the hose, in order that the weft-threads may be laid on in a spiral of a sufficiently steep pitch to impart a certain amount of elasticity or ex ansibility under internal pressure, but wit out permitting the hose to materially yield to this pressure.

. My invention avoids both extremes of pitch heretofore usednamely, the nearly zero pitch of a single weft in a woven hose, on the one hand, and the approximately fortyfive-degree pitch of the respective threads in the core of a braided hose. Such number of shuttles as will afford a itch for the weftthreads varying between ve degrees and ten degrees to a planeperpendicular to the axis of the hose will be found to best realize the conditions of m invention. Take, for example, a hose 0 two inches internal diameter with its fabric core woven with eight shuttles, using a thread of the size ordinarily used givingabout sixteen meshes to the inch, the pitch of the wefts will be about seven degrees, and this will be found in practice to give excellent results. This or approximately this pitch affords a slight capacity of expansion, sufficient, especially when accompanied by a longitudinal com ressive strain, to enable the shank or thimb e of a cou ling to be forced into the end of the hose wit iout bursting or injurin it, since the wefts are thereby forced bac upon themselves to a spiral of lower pitch, accompanied by a corresponding lateral expansion, which is most marked in the inner layer or core and is partly taken up by the intervening layer or tube of rubber commonly provided between the webs or cores.

Having thus indicated the nature of myinvention, 1 will now proceed to describe in detail one embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved hose, artly dissected away to show its successive ayers, the hose here shown having a two-ply core. Fig. 2 is a transverse section thereof on the line 2 2 in Fig. 1, showin a four-weft fabric woven upon the lining-tn e. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3 3, showing the inner and middle fabric layers woven on. Fi .4 is a transverse section on the line 4 4. Fi 5 is a dissected elevation showing a four-p y hose. Fig. 6 is a transverse section thereof on the line 6 6, showing an eight-weft fabric woven upon the liningtube.

In the drawings the illustration of the woven fabrics is partly conventional and is not to be taken as a mathematically exact portrayal thereof.

In the drawings,let A designate the usual inner or lining tube, which is commonly made of pure rubber. Around this is woven the inner fabric layer B. Around this is applied a layer of any cementitious material,-

preferably a layer C of rubber. Around this is woven a layer B of fabric, the wefts of which are pitched in the contrary direction to that of the fabric B. For a two-ply hose the outer covering D will be at once applied, as shown in Fig. 1, but for a three-ply or fourply hose another layer C of rubber is applied over the fabric B, and over this is wound a third fabric layer B. For a fourply hose another layer C of rubber is applied, and over this a fourth layer B of fabric is woven on, and, finally, the outer coverin layer D is applied in the usual manner. T e fabric layers B B B B are woven on successively by means of an ordinary circular loom, using as many shuttles as are necessary to impart to the wefts the desirable pitch or inclination. When the layers of hose are thus united, the hose is cured or vulcanized in the usual manner, whereby the layers are thoroughly and permanently cemented together.

In two-pl hose the outer and inner fabric layers shou d have their wefts of equal and opposite itch. This is done preferably by usin we ts of the same size and an equal num er of shuttles running in contrary directerially shorten under pressure.

tions. For a three-ply hose the two inner layers may thus equally oppose each other, and being ordinarily of sufficient stren th to resist any internal pressure for whic the hose is designed to, be used the outer fabric layer or coremay have some other or differbe applied according to.

ent pitch or ma some other or di erent system or of different material without affecting -my invention. Preferably, however, the outer layer is woven on like the others .and has itswefts pitched contrary to those of the next inner layer. Any'number of textile layers may be used,

according to the degree of strength required.

.My improved hose is non-twisting and practically non-expansible and does not ma- If made with the wefts of asuitable pitchsay from seven degreesup to any practicable liniit-it is given a suflicient expansibility to enable it to receive the hose-coupling shanks without injury. The "hose has the utmostpliability consistent with the requisite strength, and as its layers are wholly distinct leakage through either one of the rubber tubes or layersA C does not result in any spiral burrowing of the contained fluid nor in any leakage or disruption of the hose.

While I have described my invention as applied to hose, it will be understood that it may be used in the manufacture of other devicessuch, for instance, as electric cables or the like.

' I claim as my invention the following-defined novel features substantially as hereinbefore specified, namely: I

1. A hose comprising two tubular woven interenga ing Webs, the one within the other,

each having longitudinal warps and spiral wefts, and the wefts of said webs being respectively right and left spirals.

2; A hose coir prising two tubular woven interengaging webs, the one within the other, each having longitudinal warps and spiral wefts, and the wefts of said-webs being respectively right and left spirals of equal pitch.

3. interengaging webs, the one within the other, each having longitudinal'warps and spiral wefts, the latter four or more in number for A hose comprising two tubular woven each Web, and the wefts of said webs being sai webs being spirals of opposite pitch.

.In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presenceof two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN s. PATTERSON.

Witnessesz EUGENE V. MYERS, THEODORE T. SNELL.

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