US831047A - Type-writer. - Google Patents

Description

No. 831,047. 'PATENTBD SEPT. 1a, 1906.

-' s. H. FARNH-AM.

TYPE WRITER. AAPPLIOATIOIR FILED KAY17. 1902.

' 2 SHEETS-snm 1.

10.831,047. PATBNTBD sBPT.18,1906.

- s. H. PARNHAM.

TYPE WRITER.

APPLIUATION FILED 11m17.190s.

2 BHBETS-SHEFT 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT orrionl Specification of Letters Patent.

1atented Sept. 18, 1906.

Application iiled May 17, 1902. Serial No. 107,732.

I .To afllwhom, at may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN H. FARNHAM, a citizen ofthe UnitediStates, residing at Chicago, in the county of Oook and State of Illinois, have invented a `certain new and useful Improvement in Type-Writers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a construction of type-Writer more -especially adapted and intended for the use of merchants and dealers generally in makin a bill `and charge record and an abstract o a skeleton led er under various headings, but can Vbe use for any class of type-writing work where various items will make u a .total and such total is to be carried to a c assified list or abstract in condensed form under various headings. so that a total ofthe different headings may be produced consecutively with the bill, statement, report, or other record without the necessity of removing the blank for the abstract or the skeleton ledger from the machine with the removal of a bill, statement,

report, or other charge-record.

The objects of the invention are to construct a divided orsectional cylinder or rollerplaten, one division or section of which is utilized for the making thereon of the bill,

statement, report, or other record, and the other division or section of which-is utllized for making the skeleton ledger; to enable either division or section of the divided cylinder or roller-platen to be actuated independently or to lock both divisions or sections toether to be actuated Isimultaneously; to rnish inde endent actuating means for advancing eac division or section ofthe cylinder or platen, one of which means when the 4o sions or sections simultaneously;A to apply divisions orsections are locked together serving. as the means for advancing both divian escapement for the division or section of the cylinder or platen carrying the blank for the abstract of skeleton ledger for enabling a Ywhich carries the blank'for the abstract of skeleton ledger by a spring through which the advance of the division or section is made to provide an escapement for the controllingspring to regulate the advance of the division or section ofthe cylinder or platen actuated by the springa line or line-space with each release of the escapement, and to improve generally the construction and operation ofthe cylinder or platen and the actuating means connected therewith for enablingthe work to be accomplished.

The invention consists in the features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described, and

pointed -out in the claims.

plan view of the cylin er orplaten and its Vactuating devices in one form of construction and arrangement; Fig. 2, a similar view to Fig. 1, showing a construction and arrangement employing a controlling-spring'and an escapement for one division or section of the cylinder or platen; Fig. 3, an end elevation showing the doo or pawl and the stop for advancing the cy 'nder or platen in the construction and arrangement of Fig. 1'; Fig. 4, an end elevation, partly in section, showing the preferred form of escapement for the conplaten of Fig. 2, showing the controllingspring for one division or section of the cylinder or laten; and Fi 8, a detail in sectional plan, s owing a modi ed construction and arrangement for mounting one division 01 section ofthe cylinder. or platen on the other division or section.

The cylinder or roller-platen can be of any diameter and length desired to suit the construction of type-writing machine and the work to be done. The cylinder or rollerplaten, as shown, is constructed in two divisions or sections, `one of which is of greater length than the other. The lon er division or section A is made of an outer s ell or cov- IOO ering a, vof vulcanized rubber or other suitable the same, so that when sections abut the diameter of the cylinder or platen as a whole will be equal its entire length. The outer end of the division or section A has attached thereto a plate A with a hub or bearing A2, and, as shown, the plate is secured in position by screws a2 entered into the wood portion or center of the cylinder division or section, and

the hub or bearing is attached to the rodl or lss Shaft on which the cylinder or platen as a Whole is mounted by a set-screw a3, the end of which engages the shaft or rod. The inner or abutting end of the division 0r section A of the cylinder or platen has secured thereto aplate C, having a hub or enlarged centerY c, extending out from which and surrounding the shaft or rod on which the cylinder or platen is mounted is a sleeve C', having adjacent .to its outer end a hub or enlarged center c in the construction shown in Fig. l. The plate C is attachedto the end of the division or section A of the cylinder or platen by screws c2, entered into'the wood.or hollow center of the division or section. The inner or abutting end of the division or section B of the cylinder orl platen has secured thereto a plate D, having, as shown in Fig. 1, a central opening with a contact edge d to travel on the hub or enlarged center c of the plate C and furnish a support for the'end of the division or section B and bring the periphery of the two divisions or sections in the same plane. The outer face of the plate D has a circumferential rim d to contact the face of the plate.

C and reduce the friction between the two plates, the body of the plate D being cut away so as to leave a s ace between'the two plates. The plate D is o a diameter to fit within the outer shell or covering of the division or section B, and the plate is attached in position by screws d2 entered into the wood or hollow center b of the division or section.

A 'plate or disk E, having peripheral ratchetteeth e, is attached to the hub or enlarged center c of the vsleeve C. The plate orv disk E has a rim lor hollow hub e', through which passes a locking-screw e2, the end of which is sys entered into the hub or enlarged centerof the sleeve, so that with the turning o'f the shaft or rod on which the sleeve is mounted the plate will be revolved r turned. A plate orl disk F, havin a series of peripheral ratchetteeth, is attac ed to theouter end of the divis ion or section B of the cylinder or laten This late or disk F on its outer face as an ann ar rim or flange f through which passes a set-screw f2, by means of which the plate or disk F and the division or section B of the cylinder or platen can be `locked to the plate or disk E for the divisions or sections of theA cylinder orplaten to-be simultaneously advanced, 'it being understood that when the two plates or dlsks are not interlocked each division or section of the cylinder or laten can,-be advanced or turned independlently.

The plate or disk F is secured to the end of the division or section-B of the cylinder or laten by screwsf, entered into the wood or ollow center of the division or section. `The plate or disk E is locked to the sleeve C ofthe plate C, which is secured to the end of the division or section A of the roller or laten,...

and the division or section A is locke tothe -ro'd or shaft on which the kcylinder or platen as a whole is mounted,'so that with the turning of the shaft or rod the division or section A, the sleeveC, and the late or disk E will il); but such turning of the plate or disk-E will-not turn the plate ordisk F and the division or section B of the cylinder or platen unless the two plates or .g

disks are interlocked. f

A stop c locks both of the plates ordisks n and F a ainst turning except as required,

and also olds the cylinder or roller-platen in line position after each ad'ustment.; Thisl stop is fixedly attachedat lts outer end to the frame or carriage supporting the cylinder or rollerlaten, in the arrangement shown,

and the ody of thestop is longitudinally' slotted to have a side arm g and a side arm 1g', both of which. ha ve an elasticity -or lyie d.

These arms are arranged for the arm. to be g in line with the plate or diskE, and t e arm g to be in line with the plate or disk F, and leach arm at its forward or acting end has pivoted thereto aroller g2, `Whichcontacts and 'engages the teeth of the plate or disk, as

shownin Figui-'5. The plate or disk E is given l a line-by-line advance by a reciprocating dog or pawl'H, the acting end h of which enga es successively with the teeth e of the ratc et roo j plate or disk, and the plate or disk F is lvena line-by-line advance by a dog or pawl the vacting end i, of which engages successively with the teeth f of the ratchet (plate or disk, each dog or pawl being actuate in any usual and well-known manner for operating the dog or pawl of a type-writer to advance the cylinder or roller-platen. The shaft or rod J, which carries the cylinder or roller-platen in the arrangement shown in Fig.l 1, passes through the sleeve C and extends at each end 'beyond theend .ofthe cylinder or platen as a whole and beyond the end of the carriage' or frame carr ing the cylinderor laten and, as shown,`eac rojecting end has nger-knob by means of which the shaft or rod can be turned.' The shaft is mounted in suitable bearings on the ends of the carriage or frame, and, as s own, is locked against end- IIO ed thereto a wise thrust Aor-movement by collars Iy" and setscrews i2, interposed'between the knobs andI the ends of the carriage or frame. j The carriage or frame K, which supports the cylinder or platen and its shaft or rod in the form shown,consistsof a front bar lc and end bars 7c', the-end bars having thereonthe bearings y' f for the shaft or rod. Each end bar k termin f a nates 1n a cross-head or piece k2 having ears 7c3, between which is a collar l on a pivotingrod L, which allows the frame or .carriage to be raised and lowered, as usual.

The operation is as follows: The blank for the bill, statement, report, or charge record is inserted in the machine on the division or section A of the cylinder or platen, and the blank for the abstract, skeleton ledger, or other total memoranda or record Wanted is inserted in the machine on the division or section B of the cylinderor platen. The bill, statement, report, or other record to be made is Written on the blank therefor on the division or section' vof the retainer or stop. After the entries have been made on the blank on the division or section A the total of such entries is to be transferred to the blank on the section or division B under the proper heading, which total is printed on the blank, as usual in the use of type-Writers. The completed bill, statement, report, or other record is removed from and a new blank for another record is inserted on the division -or section A in' the usual manner, and the division or section A is turned and advanced in the usual Way to make the entries on the blank, and during such advance the division or section B remains stationary, or in a fixed position. After the second blank on the division or section A is completed the total thereof is transferred to the blank on the division or section B un der the proper heading, the cylinder or platen being mo ved endwise in the usual Way of moving a type-writer cylinder-or platen. A third, fourth, fifth, and any number of blanks for bills, statements, reports, or records are successively entered in the machine on the division or section A and properly filled and the total of each transferred to the blankon thedivision orsectionBaftereachfilling of a blank on the division or sectionA, and when the entire number of bills, statements, reports, or other records have been printed on the division or section A and the totals of the various records have been transferred to the blank on the division or section B that blank will be completed either in the form of an abstract or skeleton ledger or such other form of blank as may be used. As, for example, a merchant may desire to ascertain the total amount of groceries, sh, and meat sold daily, weekly, or monthly. If a monthly statement is Wanted, added to from day to day, the operator Will after making the entry from the grocery sale-ticket-for instance, on

tered from the fish sale-ticket on the invoice and charge entry and the total footed and this total carried to the abstract, statement, or skeleton ledger and placed inthe fish-column, it being understood that the carriage isv advanced or moved endwise in each case, as usual in operating a type-Writer, and that the division or section A is turned, as usual, for the line-spaces through the plate or disk E and its actuating dog or paWl and that the division or section B is turned, as usual, for line-spacing by the disk F and its actuating dog or pawl I in the construction and arrangement of Fig. 1. There may be three or four entries for groceries to make one total, two or three entries for meat to make the total, and two or three entries of fish to make the total, each entry of the various purchases occu ying separate line-spaces on the invoice an charge entry, and Where these purchases have necessitated the advancement of the invoice or bill and charge blank or form in the regular Way the division or section A of the cylinder or laten will have been turned and advanced rom eight to ten line-spaces, more or less, and the division or section B of the cylinder or platen carrying the abstract, statement, or skeleton ledger Will have remained stationary, or in a fixed position, during the entire operation, and the three totals of groceries, fish, and meat purchased appear inthe same line in their respective columns and Will be advanced one regular allotted line-space after the various purchases for each customer have been entered.

The bill-and-charge or monthly-statement blank When com leted can be removed from the machine and) monthl statement entered into the machine on the ivision or section A of the cylinder or platen Without disturbing the division or section B of the cylinder or platen occupied by the itemized-statement or skeleton-ledger blank, it only being advanced one re ular line-s ace after the entry has been ma e on each ill-and-charge or monthly-statement blank. A complete skeleton-ledger or itemized statement Will thus be had at the end of the days Work, with an entry in at least one of the three columns on their regular desired space of the blank, which entries when computed will give the total amounts of groceries,

another bill-and-charge or IOO IIO

'tube in the arrangement shown.

meats, and sh sold for the day in the store or department, and these total amounts can be hecked as a balance with the totals of the sales of the various salesmen in the store or department `to produce a safeguard statement, so that the pro rietor may know-by comparing the tota o the sales with the total of the skeleton ledger or monthly statement that every sale has been billed and recorded on the monthly statement and skeleton ledger.

The construction shown in Fig. 2 also employs a divided cylinder. The divisions or sections A and B, the ,end plate A', the ratchet plates or disks E and F, the stop or retainer G for the ratchet plates or disks, and the shaft J, its finger-knobs, and su porting frame or carriage are the same as escribed for the corresponding parts in Fig. l. The plate C in the construction of Fig. 2 dispenses with thehub or enlarged center c, thel sleeve C', and the hub c', leaving a plate or disk with a plane face. The circumferential or annular rim d of the plate Dis deeper, leaving a wider space between the faces or bodies of the two lates than in the construction of Fig. 1. T e shaft J of the construction of Fig. 2 is encircled by a tubular connection M, extending the entire length of the cylinder or laten and attached at one end to acenter or ub m2 on the plate A and rojected at its other end beyond the end o the cylinder or laten and having mounted thereon the ratc et plates or disks E and F, one of which, E, is locked to a plug 'or hub m3, secured in the end of the tube connection, so that with the turning of the ratchet plate or disk E the division or section A of the c linder or platen will be turned. The dis s E and F are of the same construction as the corresponding plates or disks in Fig. ,.1 and are therefore not specifically described.

The tube connection M has ixedthereto in the s ace between the lates C and D acollar m, W 'ch is locked to t e tubeby a fasteningscrew m', the end of which passes through the A constantly-wound coil-spring N is located in the space between the lates C and D, and this spring is connected y a hook n to a notch or catch n on the collar m, and its free end is attached to and bears against the inner face of a shoe N', the outer face of which runs in frictional contact with the inner `face of the circumferential or annular rim d of the plate D and has sufficient frictional bearing for the force ofthe spring to turn the division or section B of the cylinder or platen forward when the spring is released, so as to unwind or exert forward f` rce. The sliding friction-ring is split, so as to have a bearing on. the track formed by the inner face of the rim d', and the spring is attached to the friction ring or shoe N adjacent to one end thereof, and the arrangement is one by which the spring Will be under a tension at all times and operate to turn the division or section B forward, or in an advance direction, and the spring after once wound to the tension requiredwill maintain that tension forcontinued operation in turningforward or advancing the'division or section B of the cylinder or platen. The

split ringby its separation exerts an outward t pressure `and furnishes a contact or bearing for the circumference of the ring on itsl track by which as the limit of winding is reached the sprin will be anchored or held in its constant y-wound condition, as a further winding will cause-the slide-ring to slip on its track until the point is reached at which the ring or shoe by its outward pressure acts as an anchor or drag against the unwinding, or uncoiling of the spring holding the spring constantly'lwound until released. The spring is rewound after each uncoilingor unwinding with the forward rotation of the division or section A of the cylinder or platen until the limit of the winding of the spring is reached, leaving the. spring 1n a wound condition to advance or turn forward the division or section B with the release of the spring. lA reverse turning or recession of the division or section B disengages the hook 'n of the spring from the catch on the collar m, so that the spring is released with the reverse turning, and with the cessation of the reverse turning the recoil of the spring is sufficient to carry the hook end thereof into rengagement with the` notch of the collar. The ratchet plate or disk E is advanced by a reciprocatlng dog or pawl H, the same as in the IDO construction of Fig. 1; but the ratchet plate or disk F is advanced by the force of the coil-sprin N and the friction-shoe. The ratchet p ate or disk F is held against advance and is releasable to permit an advance by an' escapement of any suitable construction. The preferred form of escapement is shown in Fig. 4.. This escapement O consists of a shaft or pintle o, projecting out from ywhich at different inclinations in relation to each other are stops 0 and 02, so arranged as that when one stop is turned to release the ratchet yplate or disk the other stop will come in position to engage a tooth of the ratchet platey or disk, allowmg the plate or disk to advance only a single notch, corres onding to a singleline-space of the cylin er or.

laten. The escapement O stands vertical 1n relation to 'the plate or disk, and the shaft or pintle is located in a bearing o3 and has its upper end iixedly attached to the end or head p bf an arm P, having a iin er-piece p, by means of which the arm can e oscillated to rock the shaft or pintle and bring the stops or catches o and 03 into position for engaging the teeth of the ratchet plate or disk. The arm P moves over a bracket Q, having on one l sidea depending lug q and having on its o po'site side fthe bearing o3, which can' e ITO iso

formed with or suitably attached to the bracket, and the bracket is attached 'by a suitable set-screw or otherwise (not shown) to the front rail or bar k ofthe frame or carriage K, carrying thecylinder or platen. The arm P is moved in a direction to release the stop or catch o from engagement and move the stop or catch o2 into enga ement with the ratchet plate or disk F, an as shown, the upper face of the catch o is beveled on one side, so that with the advance of the,ratchet plate or disk a tooth thereof will engage the evel-face and automatically move the stop A or catch into position for engagement and at the same time releasing the sto or catch o2 from engagement, thus making t e operation of the escapement automatic in one dlrection. Other forms `and varrangements of escapement can be employed than that shown in Fig. 4. The escapement R (shown in Fi 5) consists oftwo stops or catches 1 and 1",

' spaced at the requisite distance apart for releasin and engaging the ratchet-teeth and carrie Vby an arm r2, through the finger-piece r3 of which the stops or catches can-be engaged with and disengaged from the teeth of the ratchet plate or dlsk.

The operation so far as entering the blanks or forms onto the divisions or sections ofthe cylinder or platen and making the entries on each blank or form is the same in all material respects as described for the operation orV the construction of Fig. 1 except that, instead of a dogfo'r pawl for advancing the divi sion or section B the constantly-wound spring N and the friction-,shoe N furnish the means for turning the division or section B to advance" the blank or form carried thereon, such' advance occurring-'with the release of the escapement, which allows the spring to operate.

The construction shown in Fig. 8 has the wood or hollow center ortion a extending the full vlength of the cyllinder or platen, with the end A2 reduced in diameter to the length ofthe division or section B. The outer coverin b of the division or section B has an interior g or backing l)Z with a turned rim or ange b3 at its end, into whichis threaded the attaching-screw f3 for the ratchet late or disk F. The end of the Wood or ho ow center a has entered thereinto a metal rim or band b4, and at the commencement of the reduced portion A2 of the cylinder or platen is a metal band b5, which bands b4 and b5 form a bearing or track on which the division or section B ofthe cylinder or platen can turn, the bands b4 and b5 furnishing a protection for the Wood or hollow center of the cylinder or platen. The other appliances shown in connection with .the construction of Fig..1 can be used with the form of cylinder of Fig. 8.

The divided cylinder or platen, with the means for advancing or turning each division or section thereof independently and means for turning and advancing both divisionsk or sections simultaneously, enables a bill, statement, report, or other record to be made on one d1vis1on or sectionand an abstract,

monthly statement, skeleton led er,"or other memoranda to be made on the ot er division or section .without changing the operating appliances and without removing the blank or form for the abstract, statement, skeleton ledger, or other memoranda from its division or section of the cylinder or platen until the record desired is completed, and the construction also allows the cylinder or 'platen to be used its full length, as in the ordinary use of a type-writer, by simply interlocking thedivisions or sections, so that both will be turned and advanced simultaneously.

While I have described the construction and operation of the type-writer attachment of my invention somewhat in detail and in different forms for application and use, I do not mean thereby to be coniined to theforms, constructions, and arrangements otherwise than the same may be called for in the claims, as I contemplate and intend to use the invention in connection with equivalent elements and devices and the making of such mechanical changes as circumstances may render advisable or ex edient without departing irom'the spirit o my invention,

which consists in a divided or sectional cylinder or platen and means for advancin each division or section thereof independent y and for interlocking the two divisions or sections for advancementsimultaneously.

What I regard as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a type-Writer, the combination of a toc divided cylinder or platen, and means for lad-v vancing either or both sections of the cylinder or platen independently in either direction.

. 2. In a type-writer, the combination of a divided cylinder or platen, and means for advancing either or both sections of the cylinder or platen independently in the same direction.

IIO

3. In a type-writer, the combination of a divided cylinder or platen, a separable inter- IIS lock between the divisions or sections of the vratchetplate or disk and giving each section divided cylinder or platen, a-ratchet plate or disk having a hub and attached to one diviplaten as one, and means for -independently `divided cy 'nder or platen, a Acontrolling- 3v s ring for one division or section of the cylin- /the constantly-Wound spring and engaging of the cylinder or platen a step-by-step advance, substantially as described.

6. In a'type-Writer, the combination of a divided cylinder or platen, ya separable interlock .between the divisions or sections of the cylinder or platen, ratchet plates or disks one foreachdivision or section of the cylinder or platen, and means for advancing each ratchet plate or disk, substantially as described.

7. -In a type-Writer, the combination of a sion or sectionl of the cylinder or platen, a ratchet plate or disk havin an annular rim and attached to the other division or section of the cylinder or'platen, a screw for interlocking the hub and rim and connecting the two divisions or sections ofthe cylinder or and for simultaneously advancing the divisions or sections of the cylinder or platen, substantially as described.

8. In a type-writer, the combination of a. divided cylinder or platen, and a controllings ring for one division or section of the cylin-I er or platen for advancing the division or section, substantially as described.

9; In a t pe-Writer, the combination of a spring for one division or section of the cylinder or platen for advancing'the division or section, and a release-escapement for fthespring-controlled division or section of the cylinder or platen, substantially as described. 10. In a type-Writer, the combination of a divided cylinder or platen,K a controllinger or platen, and a friction-shoe coacting with the controlling-spring and engaging the division or section of the cylinder or platen, substantially as described. v

11. In a type-Writer, the combination of a divided cylinder or platen, a controllingspring for one division or section of the cylinder or platen, a friction-shoe coacting with the controlling-spring and engaging the division or section of the cylinder or platen, and a release-escapement for the springcontrolled division or section of the cylinder or platen, substantially as described.

12. In a type-Writer, the combination'ofa divided cylinder or platen, a -constantly- Wound spring, and a friction-shoe engaged by With one division or section ofthe cylinder or platen, substantially as described.

13. In a type-Writer, the 'combination of a divided cylinder `or platen, a constantly- Wound s ring, a friction-shoe engaged bythe constant y-Wound spring and engaging with one division or section of the cylinder or platen, and a release-escapement for the constantly-Wound spring, substantially as ,described.

'stantl he division or section of the cylinder or .i

14. In a type-Writer, the combination of a divided -cylinder or platen, a constantly- Wound spring, a shoe engaged by the spring and engaging with one division or section of the cylinder or platen,' and an escapement for a ratchet plate or*l the cylinder or platen, a constantly-Wound spring, a friction-shoe engaged.l by theconstantly-wound' spring and 4in engagement with thedivision or section of the lcylinder or platen having the ratchetplate or disk, and

an escapement coacting With the ratchet" plate vor disk for releasing the spring, substantially as described.,` l

16.' In a t e-Writer, the combination of a disk on t e end of one divisionv or section of the cylinder or platen, a constantly-Wound spring, a friction-shoe engaged by the con- Wound spring and in engagement Want4 y platen having the ratchet late or disk, and an escapement consisting o a shaft or pintle, stops or catches on the shaft or pintle out'of line withj each other, and an arm for oscillatldivided c lin er or platen, a ratchet plate or l.

ing the shaft or pintle, substantially as def scribed.

17. In a type-Writer, the combination of a` ratchet plate or disk, and an escapement con-"` sisting of a shaft or intle havin catches or stops thereon out of ine with eac other one of the catches or stopshaving aninciined face for engagement with the teeth of the ratchet late or disk for automatically 'engaging t e escapement in "one direction .of

movement, substantially as described.

18. In a type-Writer, the combination of a ratchet plate or disk, an escapement consisting of a shaft or intle having catches or -stops thereon out o line With each other, one of the catches or stops having an inclined face for engagement with the teeth ofthe ratchet plate or disk for automatically engaging t e escapement in one-direction of movement, and an arm for rocking the shaft or pintle, substantially as described.

IOO

IIO

19. In a type-writer, the combination of a divided cylinder or platen, a shaft or rod having one division or section of the cylinder or platen iXedly attached thereto, a tube connection surrounding the shaft or rod, a collar fixed on the tube, aconstantly-Wound spring detachably connected at itsinner end with the collar, anda shoe engaged by the free end of the spring and in frictional engagement With the'other division or section of the cylinder or platenfsubstantially as described.

.2 0. -Ina type-Writer, the combination of a divided cylinder or platen, a shaft or rod having one division or section of the cylinder ment with the other division or section of the or platen xedly attached thereto, a t tube cylinder or platen, and a release-esca ement connection surrounding the shaft 0r rod, a for. the spring, substantially as descri ed.

collar fixed on the tube, a constantly-Wound STEPHEN H. FARNHAM. spring detachably connected at its inner end Witnesses: with the collar, a shoe engaged by the free THOMAS A. BANNING,

end of the spring and in frictional engage- Y OSCAR W. BOND.

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