US82642A - Improvement in methods of casting metals - Google Patents

Improvement in methods of casting metals Download PDF

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US82642A
US82642A US82642DA US82642A US 82642 A US82642 A US 82642A US 82642D A US82642D A US 82642DA US 82642 A US82642 A US 82642A
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vessel
improvement
cap
methods
mold
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/106Shielding the molten jet

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  • My invention consists, first, of apparatus for subjecting a body ot' metal or other material while in a state of fusion and during the process ot' cooling:
  • A is a strong metal vessel, on which are metal bands a a., and which is arranged within a larger vessel or tank, o, containing water, the Vessel A communicating through a pipe, 1', (having cocks R R and a 1 )ressure-gage, F,) with a reservoir, I, containing air or other suitable gas under pressure.
  • a cap, B To the vessel A is fitted a cap, B, between which and the vessel is a soft-metal washer,'m,
  • the cap being secured in its place by a screw, V, which passes through a yoke, u, and bears with its lower end upon the cap, the yoke havingarms with projections o at their lower ends,
  • a second yoke, n' the arms of which are bolted to the cap B, extends over the yoke n, and con-y nects the latter to-the cap without preventing the yoke from being turned slightly, independently of the cap, to more the projections c from beneath the lugs o.
  • a. handle, l To the upper end of the screw V are secured a. handle, l", and a pulley, t, and round the latter passes a chain, E, by which the cap can be raised and lowered.
  • a mold, L for thereception of molten metal, the mold being placed within a perforated casing, T, which is sli ghtl y greater in diameter than the mold, so that there is an annular space between the two.
  • a cap, D of earthenware or other refractory material, and the space between the casing T and the inner side of the vessel Ais filled with wood-charcoal in lumps of such a size as to permit the free passage of air between them.
  • the air or gas reser- fect I is filled to a pressure of ten atmospheres, that the vessel A is open, and that steel, glass, or otherfmaterial is to be cast.
  • the molten material is poured into the mold L, a small iron disk, D', is placed over the fused matter, and the mold L is covered by the cap ⁇ D.
  • the radiating heat traverses the thin stratum of air between the mold and the easing T, heats the latter, and renders incandescent thecharcoal surroundin g it.
  • the cap is then lowered and tightly secured, closing the apparatus air-tight, after which the cock lt is opened, and compressed air is admitted among the interstices of the charcoal.
  • au equilibriumgof pressure At first there is au equilibriumgof pressure; but soon the air in the vessel A becomes dilated, a portion returns to the reservoir, and the equilibrium is again established.
  • the cock is closed when Ythe air has entered the vessel A, thev pressure in the latter will be greater than in the reservoir. The pressure can thus by means ofthe cock be regulated at will.
  • the quantity of air which penetrates the apparatus is relatively small, since the vessel A is almost entirely illed by the mold, its contents, and the charcoal, the air used is thus economized, and the heat is concentrated in a small space.
  • the cooling should be effected slowly and as regularly as possible, this result being obtained by the water surrounding the vessel A, which concentrates the heat, so that sucient time is afforded for the molecules of matter to approach each other, and a dense ingot is obtained, because the pressure which operated upon the fused matter operates upon it during ull the degrees of cooling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

Uterine STATES ,PATENT Ferca.,
JACQUES RIVES, OF PARIS, FRANCE.
IMPROVEMENT IN METHODS OF CASTING METALS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 82,642, dated September 29, 1868.
To all whom it may concern:
Beitknown thatI, J. RIVEs,of Paris, France, have invented an Improvement in Casting Metals, Glass, Src.; and I4 do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ot' the same.
My invention consists, first, of apparatus for subjecting a body ot' metal or other material while in a state of fusion and during the process ot' cooling:| to the action of a gas under pressure, as fully described hereinafter, an iugot or casting of uniform density being thus produced.
In order to enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will now proceed to describe the manner of carrying it into effect, reference heilig had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specication, and in which- Figure 1 is a sectional elevation ot' my improved apparatus; Fig. 2, a detached view of part of the apparatus.
A is a strong metal vessel, on which are metal bands a a., and which is arranged within a larger vessel or tank, o, containing water, the Vessel A communicating through a pipe, 1', (having cocks R R and a 1 )ressure-gage, F,) with a reservoir, I, containing air or other suitable gas under pressure.
To the vessel A is fitted a cap, B, between which and the vessel is a soft-metal washer,'m,
the cap being secured in its place by a screw, V, which passes through a yoke, u, and bears with its lower end upon the cap, the yoke havingarms with projections o at their lower ends,
which projections catch beneath lugs o on blocks P, bolted to the upper banda. A second yoke, n', the arms of which are bolted to the cap B, extends over the yoke n, and con-y nects the latter to-the cap without preventing the yoke from being turned slightly, independently of the cap, to more the projections c from beneath the lugs o.
To the upper end of the screw V are secured a. handle, l", and a pulley, t, and round the latter passes a chain, E, by which the cap can be raised and lowered.
Within the vessel A is a mold, L, for thereception of molten metal, the mold being placed within a perforated casing, T, which is sli ghtl y greater in diameter than the mold, so that there is an annular space between the two. To the mold is fitted a cap, D, of earthenware or other refractory material, and the space between the casing T and the inner side of the vessel Ais filled with wood-charcoal in lumps of such a size as to permit the free passage of air between them.
It is well knownthat when any material is cast the upper portions are less dense than the lower, the same quality belonging to all fluids', whether liquid or gaseous, and consequently to solid bodies in a state ot' fusion; but the latter retain after fusion the density which was theirs in .a liquid state, and consequently the mass is not homogeneous. When, however, the fused material is subjected to a uniform pressure, it-will on 'cooling be of an equal density throughout. This fact is well known to found` ers, who apply it in using what they call the lump.7 Thus, when they wish to havea dense, homogeneous, and flawless casting, they surcharge the mold with matter to compress the molten contents; but the utility of this method isvery limited, the pressure, though varying with the importance of the casting, being seldom very great. By the improved process, which I will now proceed to describe, homogeneous castings of any desired degree of density may be obtained:
Let it be supposed that the air or gas reser- Voir I is filled to a pressure of ten atmospheres, that the vessel A is open, and that steel, glass, or otherfmaterial is to be cast. The molten material is poured into the mold L, a small iron disk, D', is placed over the fused matter, and the mold L is covered by the cap `D. j As soon as the vessel has acquired the temperature of the molten material the radiating heat traverses the thin stratum of air between the mold and the easing T, heats the latter, and renders incandescent thecharcoal surroundin g it. The cap is then lowered and tightly secured, closing the apparatus air-tight, after which the cock lt is opened, and compressed air is admitted among the interstices of the charcoal. At first there is au equilibriumgof pressure; but soon the air in the vessel A becomes dilated, a portion returns to the reservoir, and the equilibrium is again established. If the cock is closed when Ythe air has entered the vessel A, thev pressure in the latter will be greater than in the reservoir. The pressure can thus by means ofthe cock be regulated at will. The quantity of air which penetrates the apparatus is relatively small, since the vessel A is almost entirely illed by the mold, its contents, and the charcoal, the air used is thus economized, and the heat is concentrated in a small space. The cooling should be effected slowly and as regularly as possible, this result being obtained by the water surrounding the vessel A, which concentrates the heat, so that sucient time is afforded for the molecules of matter to approach each other, and a dense ingot is obtained, because the pressure which operated upon the fused matter operates upon it during ull the degrees of cooling.
The material cast i'n this apparatus is subjected to a considerable pressure, ten atmosphces-correspondin g to a column of cast-steel
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