US825200A

US825200A - Excavating apparatus.

Info

Publication number: US825200A
Application number: US18984204A
Authority: US
Inventors: George Henry Dunlop
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1904-01-20
Filing date: 1904-01-20
Publication date: 1906-07-03
Anticipated expiration: 1923-07-03

Description

w (an. DUNLOP EXGAVATING APPARATUS1 APPLIOAiTION PILBD JAN. 20, 1904.

W TNE66ES PATENTED JULY 3, 1906.-

a SHEETH-BHEET 1; v

PATENTED JULY 3, 1906.

G. H. DUNLOP.

s SHEETS-SHEET 2.

8M4 Uw T1 A0 R2 AN H M A m Gm M m Hm n XP B l A EA to H pram/as PATBNTHDJULY s, 1906.

G. H. DUNLOP. EXGAVATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 20, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

VV/ T/vE6 5 ES UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE HENRY. DUNLOP, or .sou'rn MELBOURNE, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA.

ExcAv Tme APPARATUS.

Application filed January 2 scoop or scraper (hereinafter called a scoop .operated from a main power-station and from an outhaul-station by ropes hauled so that the earth and other materials may be filled into it, transported in it, and deposited from it.

In this specification the term forward indicates that direction in which the scoop is drawn when it is being filled, and the term backward indicates the contrary direction.

B setting up is meant the operation w ich is the reverse of overturning. I

The scoop is drawn forward at suitable va rying angle of tilt until it is filled, is drawn away backward orforward to the place 1 where its'contents are to be deposited, is

' tom,

overturned forward or backward for depositing its contents, and is set up and drawn away to the place where it is to be filled a ain, all by means of the ropes. Preferably three ropes are employed; but, as hereinafter described, one of these ropes may not be required, and the scoop maybe operated by two of the ropes under certain conditions. The-scoop is a receptacle having a closed bottop, though sometimes the top also maybe partly or entirely closed. Of the ropes employed to operate the scoop one is connected at the frontiiear the cutting edge. This I name the main hauling-rope, and two are connected at the upper part of the scoop. These I name the forward-hauling rope and the backwardhauling rope. The inain hauling-rope and the forward-hauling rope pass forward from the scoop to the drums of winding machinery or to guide-pulleysleading to them placed beyond the extreme forward limit oftravel of the scoop-;' The backward-hauling rope passes backward from the scoop to the drum of winding m'a-- chinery'or to a guide-pulley leading to it placed Specification of Letters Patent.

0.1904 Serial No. 189,842.

back, and sides and open front andv Patented July 3,1906.

of the scoop. The ropes may be connected to the scoop by chains or bars or by bridles or bails such as are used with animal-drawn scoops or with the buckets of steam excavat-- ing-shovels or the like of usual construction The three ropes are operated from a main power-station and from an outhaul-station. These stations are combined in one structure or are in two separate structures, according 'to the nature of the work. Usually the winding machinery for operating the ropes is all p aced on the main power-station, and there is a guide-pulley and no winding machinery on the outhaul-station; but there may be winding machinery on each station-- as, for example, on the main power-station ward-haulin rope and on the outhaul-station for the ackward-hauling rope. In order that the machinery employed in this method may be most effective, the main hauling-rope is connected to the scoop low down, so that the power is applied as directly as practicable to the cutting edge of the scoop, and the forward-hauling rope and the scoop so high above the-bottom that their effect when the scoop is in its normal position for filling or when filled will be mainly or entirely to tilt the scoop and not to drawit along. An arm on the scoop, as hereinafter described, while not essential, is convenient in this respect.

illustrated as far as necessary in the accompanying drawings as used for ex'cavating a channel in earth. (If necessary, the earth sumed that the mainpower-station is-fitted with mechanism by which thewindingdrums can can be moved alongside of the channel as the work pro esses; I

In sai drawings similarletters are employed to indicate corresponding parts throughout.

Figure 1- is machinery with the stations combined and the scoop employed in excavating a channel, the earth being deposited on the-farther stage of ling; Fi 1", the scoop.. nearly fi led; Fig. 1, the lled scoop being drawn beyond the extreme backward limit of travel- The machinery will now be described, and

bank. Fi 1 shows the scoop in the initial for the main hauling-rope and for the for backward-hauling rope are connected to the may be loosened, as by plowing.) 7 It is as- A be rotated andthat thev stations a side elevation showing the I that the machinery is adapted for depositing the earth on the nearer bank. Fig. 2* shows the filled scoop being drawn forward, pushing loose earth in front of it. Fig. 2 shows the filled scoop being drawn forward with the cutting edge clear of the ground, and Fig. 2

shows the scoop partially overturned backward. Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views to ing below the bottom to act as guides.

shaped in outline in side elevation.

Figs. 1 and 2, respectively, except that the stations are separate; and Fig. 4 is a :plan of the main power-station shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5 shows the main power-stationand the outhaul-station each located outside of the emban-kments. Fig. 5 shows the scoop being filled having an arm somewhat D- Fig. 5 shows the same scoop being drawn forward toward the embankment. Fig. 5 shows it being overturned forward. Fig. 5 shows it partially overturned backward, and Fig. 5 shows it being rawn backward in the overturned position. Fig. 6' shows the main power-station and the outhaul-station combined in a double cantaliver structurelocated on the ground. between the channel and one of the side einba'nkments. Fig.6 shows a part cross-section of the structure'with the scoop passing under its deck between the fore and hind wheels, and Fig. 6 is a part plan. In these figures are shown rollers to act as guides at the opening through which the scoop passes under the structure. shows a path-plate to facilitate the passage of the scoop when the carryingavheels of the stations travel on rails. Fig. 7 shows in part section the scoop fitted with runners. Fig. 7 a shows runners of T-section intended to act moreespecially 'as guides, and Fig. 7 b shows a scoop with the side plates project- Fi s. 8, 8*, and 8 show the scoop with lugs or bradkets projecting forward from the sides at the front. Figs. 9 and 9 show the scoop fitted. with wheels to facilitate transportation. Fig. 10 shows the scoop having the chains connecting the scoop to the rope used for overturning attached to it down the back when it is to be overturned forward, so that wet or adhesive material may be more effectually ejected, and having guide-links, between the two sides of which the chains connecting the rope used for overturning will travel and be guided. Fig. 11 shows a scoop with closed top and with front only open for transporting soft or fluid material and with a long arm for dredging under water, and Fig. 11 shows said'scoop being used for dredging a channel under water. Fig. 12 shows the. main power-station with sloping front up which the scoop maybe drawn and upon which it may be overturned. Figs. 13 and 13 show scoops with central ribs or stiffeners within the bowls of the' scoops and also with bridles having three. draft-lines, one to each'side and one to the central rib; and on Fig. 13 is shown an attachment to receive a lever for guiding the scoop when necessary. Fig. 14 shows the scoop overturned backward depositing earth in a layer of desired thickness.

In Fig. 1 is shown in cross-section a chan= nel partly excavated, with an embankment on one side formed of the excavated earth. The,scoop S has an arm or raised portion A. The forward-hauling rope R is connected to the upper part of the arm on the scoop and passes thence to the winding-drum D on the main power-station M. The backward-haul ing rope R is connected at or near the same part of the arm on the scoop as the forwardhaulin rope, passes thence around'the guidepulley 2 and to the winding-drum D on the main power-station. The main hauling-rope R is connected to the sides of the scoop, near the mouth, and passes from it to the windingdrum D on the main powerstation. The outhaul-pulley P is on the authaul-station, which fst'ation consists in this case of a braced boom and back tie O, projecting from the main power-statior if, as shown. The scoop being in the char :91 where it is to be filled is tilted forward more or less by the rope R, so as to bear mainly or entirely on 9 the cutting edge or on the cutting-plate at the mouth or open front while the main hauling-rope R is hauled in, so that the scoop is drawn forward and sinks into theground, as shown in Fig. 1 As it does so the scoop is caused to assume a more backward tilted po sition under the control of the ropes R and R until it reaches the position shown in Fig. 1 and so is drawn forward and completely filled. The filled scoop is drawn out backward onto the embankment by the rope R as indicated in Fig.'1, to the place where its contents are to be deposited. It is overturned forward, as shown in Fig. 1, by hauling in the forwarddiauling rope R, and so the contents are deposited. The scoop is now either drawn into the channel by the rope R and set up ready to be refilled by the rope R or it may be set up by the rope R and be drawn into thev channel by the rope R If it is required to fill loose earth quite up to the side of the main power-station and at the same time avoid leaving a ridge of loose earth which might be pushed in front of the scoop in filling and be left there when the filled scoop is hauled backward, then there may be fitted alongside of the main power-station a plateor fiap down to the ground, which the front of the scoop will be drawn'up to, and by means of this plate or flap the earth can beforced back into the scoop."

In Fig. 2 the boom constituting the outhaul- 4 the scoop It is obvious that with a boom of sufficient suitable elevations,

. placed on the farther embankment. One cantaliverarm spans venient.

the channel nearer to the main power-station. The boom passes over the embankment-at sufficient height above the ground. When' the scoop has been filled, as before described, it is drawn out forward onto the embankment by the rope R is overturned forward by the rope. R, and is set up and drawn out again by the rope R When the filled scoop is being drawn forward to the embankment, it inaybe held, as shown in Fig. 1 with the cutting edge down to the ground, so that earth may be pushed in front of the scoop in addition to that contained in it, or may be drawn out, as shown in Fig. 2 with the cutting edge clear of the ground, transporting the earth contained in it only.

length for the outhaul-station, as shown in Fig. 2, the excavated earth may be deposited at will on the far sideof the channel, as described in connection with Fig.1, or on the near side, as described in connection with Fig. 2.

In Fig. 3 the outhaul guide-pulle borne at a suitable elevation on an end- I ent outhaul-station 0 beyond the em ankment, while the main i ower-station M is. alongside the channel; he operation of the scoop is as described in connection with Fig. 1.

In Fig. 4 the main power-station M is placed outside of the embankment, with the winding drums or guide -(pulleys, around which the ropes pass to the rurns,placed at and the independent outhaul-station O,'wit'h the guide-pulley P is bank of the channel, as shown. The operation of the scoop is as described in connection with Fig. 2.

In Fig. 5 the main 'power station and the outhaul-station are shown laced one on each side'of the channel outsidb of the embankments. It is obvious that the excavated material may be de osited at will on the far side of the channe or on the near side by operations as described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.

The independent outhaul-station, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, maybe adopted where the dimensions of the work are too great to permit' the convenient use of a boom for the out haul-station.

In the constructions shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 one or both of the stations must be located beyond the ositions where the excavated earth is to Tie deposited. In some works suchlocation is impracticable or incon- In Fig. 6 the main power-station and theouthaul-station are shown combined in a double cantaliver structure located on one bank between the channel and the side across the channel andconstitutes the outhaul-station, as O, with the outhaul guidepulley Phat its outer end. Theother arm spans across the embankment and is fitted with guide-pulleys P and P at its outer end around which the forward-hauling rope R and the main hauling-rope R respectively;

winding-drums D and D.

pass to the is so designed thatthe combined structure scoop can be drawn out under it'between the.

r deck on wheels underneath the floor o This I which the winding-dru ins are placed as shown 1S overturned by the and is set up and drawn, back by the rope It is obvious that if the cantaliver-arni-carryg 5 ing the guide-pulley P is sufiiciently longestcavated earth can be deposited on the far-1 ther bank, so that the earth could be deposited part on one bank bank at will. Also the central portion of the and part on the other framing from which the arms project can be arranged to bestride the channel instead of resting entirely upon one bank. In Figs. 6 and 6 the main power-station is shown mounted upon road-wheels. sirable to set it upon wheels to travel on rails, &e. In such case a path-plate or fioor,,as m, may be fitted to the main power-station, soas, to bear up on the rails and form a smooth way to facilitate the passage of the scoop over the rails, &c., as indicated in Fig. 6. The main power-station (shown in Fig. 6) may have guard-rollers, as m, to prevent the scoop from striking the wheels when the scoop is from any cause-being usual course fairly op osite to the opening between the wheels. (Siiown in Fig.6) T hese rollers usually will onlybe required on the side nearer to the outhaul-station; but they may be fitted on the other side also. Similar guide-rollers, as m, may also be fitted pro jecting below the under side of the deck upon which the winding drums are shown in Fig. 6. to prevent the' ropes from rubbing against the deck. One such roller, near-the side farther from the outhaul-station, will probably be suflicient, and this-roller maybe double-coneshaped, with the smallest diam eter at the middle, so that it may always tend. to lead the ro es toward mid widthjof th'e opening throng which the scoop passes. Ob viously with the main powerstation-shown in Fig. 6 an inde endent outhauhstation may be employed/f necessary or convenient, instead of the boom, as shown.

It is evident that the direction of travel of the scoop, as shown in any of the figures, forward and backward relative to the main power-station may be reversed 'byusing guide-pulleys at suitable positions. j \Vhile essentially the method and machinery is substantiall as hereinbefore 'described, yet to deal Wllffl of work and modifications therein are desirable so-that the best results may be obtained: Themachinery may be operated by. any

drawn along not in the It may be dedifferent conditions different classes of materials suitablepower. A main power-station with mechanism driven by steam will now be described. It is advisable that the operation ofthe scoop by means of the ropes should be in charge of one attendant, hereinafter called the driver, placed in such aposition, If possible, that he can oversee the scoop throughout its course. (When it'cannot be arranged that the driver should oversee the scoop, he may be directed by another attendant, placed in such a position that the latter can oversee it.) A second attendant, hereinafter called the fireman, will have charge of the steam-generator, the moving of the station, as required by the progress of the work, and other subordinate duties. Where there is an independent outhaul-station, there may be a trolleyman in charge of it, who will move it forward by means of suitable ordinary mechanism. As shown in Figs. 4 and 4 the main power-station conslsts of a strong carriage, mounted on four .broad road-wheels and having a platform or deck F near the level of the axles. Upon this platform there is a steam-generator G, a double-cylinder single-drum winding-engine E, suitable ordinary steering mechanism connected to one pair of the wheels, and propelling mechanism connected to the other pair of wheels, so that it can be put into and out of gearwith the winding-engine by means of a clutch, as may be necessary from time to time, for moving the station alongside of the channel as the work progresses. Mounted on standards'above the platform or deck already described there is an upper platform F at suitable elevation to enable the driver standing upon it to oversee the scoop throughout its course. Upon this upper platform there is a double cylinder double-drum winding-engine E. This upper platform will necessarily, be higher when the main powerstation-is placed outside of the side embankment, as shown in Figs. 2-, 4., and 5, than will be essential when the station is located on the bank of the channel, as in Figs. 1 and 3. In fact, when the main power-station is located on the bank of the channel, all mechanism and 'the driver may be upon the one main or lower platform and the upper platform may be dispensed, with. In Fig. 4 the main hauling-rope R passes from the scoop over a guidepulley P adapted for attachment at varying heights on the standards on the main power-station, and thence to the winding-drum D of the main hauling-engine E. The windingengine E is fitted with the usual brake, clutch, and steamvalve with handle, which may be under the control of the fireman, but which preferably are under the direct control of the driver on the upper platform by means of suitable long handles extending up to convenient positions within his reach. The winding-engine E has drums D and D for winding the .plies the brake to the drum D 0 ropes R and R These drums are shownin Fig. 4 placed side by side; but they may be placed tandem, if preferred. There is the usual foot-brake and clutch to each windingdrum and a steam-valve with handle and reversing-gear. v

The cycle of operations is as'follows for e'xcavating and transporting a scoopful of earth from theehannel to the embankment with the machinery described and shown in Figs. 4 and 4?.- When the S000 is drawn out into the channel to the place w ere it is to be filled, the driver unclutches the drum D clutches the drum D, tilts the scoop forward onto its cutting-plate by the rope R, a

utches t e drum D and admits steam to the windingengine E. The rope R is hauled by the winding-drum D to which power is applied, and the rope R is restrained by the windingdrum D so far as may be required, by means of the brake applied to it. The power and the brake are under the control of the driver, who allows the power-of the winding-engine or the restraint of-the brake to prevail sufiie ciently, according as he desires the scoop'to be held tilted, either more forward or more backward, while it is being drawn forward for filling by the main hauling-rope R operated by the independent winding-engine E. When the scoop is filled, it is drawn out and overturned, as already described. When the scoop has been overturned forward and the contents deposited on the embankmena the driver unclutches the drums D and D,

clutches the drum D and hauls the scoop outward into the channel. It is evident that if the ropes R" and R pass'ofi from the drums D and D from the same side, either upper or lower, that the direction of the motion by the engine E need not be reversed, since the direction in which the scoop is drawn by the rope R is reversed from that in which it is drawn by the rope R, by passing around the guide-pulley P Otherwise the motion of the engine must be reversed for hauling backward into the channel. When the scoop is being hauled into the channel, it may be necessary to check too fast unwinding of the ropes R and R off the drums D and D by applying the brakes lightly, or

friction-clutches, if such are used, to restrain such unwinding. The mechanism and operations' for removing a scoopful of earth described in detail in connection with Figs. 4

and 4 is applicable to all the types of ma-- chlnery shown, subject to such modifications as circumstances may require.

At times it may be desired or necessary to haul the scoop in a directionnot at right. angle's or "square to the winding-drums. To provide for such case, the winding-engineas, for example, that shown in Fig. 4 may be pivoted, as by a king-bolt K, and have the forward part adapted to slide or roll laterally on 9. suitable bearing surface B, so that the drums may turn to suit the direction of lead of the ropes.

When the outhaul-station consists of a boom, the scoop may be lifted off the round when the main power-station is being moved "with-such connections, as is usual with cranes andthe like, that the outer end of the boom can be raised or lowered, if necessary.

When the filled scoop is drawn forward onto the embankment, it may be overturned A backward to deposit its contents and may be ed over the frontof the scoop, as shown.

drawn back in the overturned position to the place Where it is to be again filled by-the backward-hauling rope and may be there set up by the forward-hauling rope. The scoop so operated is shown in position being drawn forward onto the embankment, pushing loose earth in front of it in Fig. 2 with the cutting edge clear of the ground in Fig. 2 and in position partially overturned backward in Fig. 2. The arm shown on the scoop is of somewhat triangular outline in side elevation, as already shown in Fig. 1, but with the higher part where the forward hauling rope and the backward-hauling rope are connecfi it is desired ,to deposit the earth part on the bank farther from the main power-station by overturning the scoop forward and part on the nearer side by overturning the scoop backward, using the same scoop throughout,

then the-:arm may be formed, as shown in Figs. 5 5", 5, 5 5 somewhat D-shaped in outline in side elevation. The point or points of connection of the forward-hauling r0 e and of the backward-hauling rope are mere y altered for alteration of direction of overturning. The scoop is shown in position being filled in Fig. 5 in position being drawn out onto the embankment forward in Fig. 5 inposition being overturned forward in Fig. 5, in

osition partially overturned backward in Fig. 5 and in position being-hauled into the channel backward in the overturned position in Fig. 5 A cross-bar A is shown in Fig. 13 with rings to which the ropes are connected by chains, &c., which bar may be fixed at either the forward or backward part of't'he arm, as required, according to the way in whichthe scoop is to be overturned.

-'The scoop is shown in Fig.7 .in part section fitted with runners U, upon which it slides along, These runners serve to strengthen the scoop, to reduce wear on the body of the scoop, and to act as guides by grippingor cut- .of runners will be advantageous.

ting into the ground, so as to prevent -:or restrain the scoop from deflecting laterally from the proper course along which itis being These runners may also be formed of T-section, as shown in Fig. 7, so that they may tend more effectually to grip or cut into the ground, and so prevent the scoop from deflecting laterally from its proper course;

but special ribs may be provided, if necessary, to act as guides. Thus the scoop shown in Fig. 7* has the sides "projecting, as U, below and behind the bottom plate, rounded at the lower back part to form guides to prevent lateral deflection. Similar or equiva ent guides may be fitted detachable at will. The runners and guides are not essential to the scoop; but usually the use 7 The guides will be used only where the nature of the work requires them,

Figs. 8, 8, 8 show a scoop fitted with projecting lugs or brackets 'J. In Fig. 8 the filled scoop is shown in position with the cutting edge clear of the ground, being hauled forward by the rope R connected by means of chains to the sides of the scoop, in Fig. 8 the scoop is shown overturned forward, depositing the contents, and in Fig. 8 the scoop is shown tilted forward in position ready to be filled. In Fig. 8 the ropes R and R are shown connected to the scoop, as hereinafter described,with links, &c., in such manner that'it can ,be overturned forward suitably for ejecting wet or adhesive mate rials. In Figs. 8 and 8 the rope R is connected, by'means of a bail or bridle formed of a bar, to the brackets and not directly to the scoo Y When the scoop is fitted with brac *ets, the contents can be deposited without overturning it as far forward as is necessary wh:en, thebrackets are not used. In Fig. 8 the bracket J is shown detachable. In Figs. 8 and 8 the brackets are in one piece with the arm. Plates may be fitted to the brackets where they bear on the ground to form suitable sliding surfaces. These plates may be detachable for renewal.

A scoop fitted with wheels W is shown in Fig. 9. The forward part of the bottom ofthe scoop is strai ht and the backward part is curved to a re ius somewhat less than the radius of the wheel. This scoop. is specially adapted for use when it is desired to deposit the contents by overturning backward; but it may be overturned forward, in which case the arm if used might be of the form shown in Fig. 5; When the filled scoop 1s to.be hauled backward to the place where its contents are to be deposited as described 1n connection with Fig. 1, it may be fitted with wheels IN of smaller diameter, as shown in Fig. 9 upon which it travels backward. 'In scoopshaving wheels the front or mouth may be splayed out or have s lay-pleces fitted to the sides, so as to fill an clear awav a suffi- ITO means of thelink or links L, extending for a sufficient short distance from the point of attachment to the scoop. The connecting chains of the rope being used for overturning the scoop will travel and be guided within the links. The scoop shown in Figs. 2 and 5 may be similarly fitted at the front when the scoop is to be overturned backward.

The scoop shown in Fig. 11 has the front only open and when full can be drawn along tilted backward, so that soft or fluid mate' rial can be transported without spilling. Thus, for example, dredging of soft mud from under water may be done with a scoop so formed that the contents may not be spilled when the filled scoop is being drawn away and having a handle of sufficient length to act as a guide to the operator when the scoop is under water, as shown in Fig. 11.

The independent outhaul-station may be moved along as required by transmitting power from the guide-pulley P by suitable gearing to the wheels or axles. Thus as the guide-pulley P revolves while the scoop is being drawn backward power may be transmitted as, for example, by chain or spur wheel and she 3t-gearingfor moving the outhaul-station as required for making successive cuts across the channel, the independent outhaul-station may be fitted with mechanism by which it may be moved by independent motive power.

In Fig. 12- is shown. an arrangement of main power-station M according to this invention, which-may be adopted for loading wagons. tipping into a hopper or sluice, or onto a trav ersing band or conveyer or the like, M. As shown, the main power-station con sists of a framework having a suitable sloping front, up which the scoop can be hauled to the place where it is to be overturned and the contents deposited. Any form of outhaul-station hereinbefore described may be used with this type of main power-station, and it may be-mounted on wheels and fitted with platform at suitable elevation for the driver, &c., asalready described. I

The armor projection on the scoop may be of any suitable construction. Thus it may 'be formed by carrying the corner angle-irons of the scoop up, bending them around, and attaching them to the sides of the scoop substantially as shown in Fig. 13*.

The method and machinery herein described for excavating a channel may be employed for various purposes with only such variations as may be necessitated by the nature of the work, the physical characteristics of the materials, and the like. p

Although heretofore the main power and outhaul stations are shown located on the ground, they or either of them may be located on floating pontoons, as for dredging, the method of operating the scoop remaining as before,

'W'here the scoop has a very long cutting edge measured from side .to side, it may be found convenient to have a central rib or stiffener C within the bowl of the scoop, as shown in Figs. 13 and 13 to support the bottom of the scoop and to'prevent bending of the cuttingplate. Further, a third draftline C may be attached to this central rib with equalizingdraft bars of suitable ordinary construction where 'the three ropes meet atthe end of the single main haulingrope proper, as shown in Fig. 13.

In some cases it is required that the earth shall be spread upon the embankment in layers of stated thickness. Where the earth is deposited from the scoop by overturning it forward, then this purpose will be effected by drawing the scoop along controlled by the ropes so that the mouth or cutting edge of the scoop is held at the proper height above the surface upon which the layer is to be spread. When the scoop is overturned backward, the back of the scoop may be closed to 8 so that the unclosed depth measured to the top of the arm is sufficient to leave the earth in a layer of the stated thickness, as shown in Fig. 14.

Sometimes it may be necessary in order to bring the scoop laterally to a desired position that it should be guided by hand. For this purpose a staple s or other suitable attachment may be fitted to the side of the scoop, in which a lever 8 may be inserted to assist in such guidance, as shown in Fig. 13*.

The operation of. the scoop by means of the main hauling-rope and the backwardhauling rope, dispensing with the forwardhauling rope, will now be described. This operation by the two ropes can be practiced only when the scoop is to be drawn'forward from the place where it is filled to the place -where the contents are to be deposited and will be expedient only when the direction of draft by the main hauling-rope is parallel or is not far from parallel to the surface upon which the scoop travels or direction of motion of the cutting edge of the scoop when filling. Thus the scoop, as shownin Figs. 2 5 9, or 13, maybe operated by the'two ropesthe backward-hauling rope R and the main hauling-rope R for filling the scoop, hauling it forwardonto the embankment, overturning it backward to deposit the contents,

' lVhen operating with the two ropes only, the

main hauling-rope may be connected somewhat higher u and farther back from the front on the sides of the scoop than when the forward-hauling rope R is used also, so that when the scoop is being drawn along by the rope R its eflect may be somewhat to tilt the scoop forward onto the cutting edge and so cause it to cut into the groundin fact, to give it some of the purpose of the forwardhauling rope R, previously described. When the scoop has been filled'and is being drawn forward onto the embankment, the scoop may be tilted slightly backward, so as to prevent the cutting edge from cutting into the ground or catching against obstructions by applying a slight ull on the top of the scoop by the backwar hauling -rope. In order that the line of draft of the main haulingrope may be as nearly parallel to the surface of the ground upon which the scoop is to be filled, the filling may be done in successive cuts, sloping upward or approximately radiating toward the winding-drum D The cutting-plate of the scoop may project outward and downward from the bottom of the scoop, being so formed that it will cut readily into the ground.

hen wvorking with two ropes, a steam winding-engine with double cylinders and double loose drums fitted with brakes and clutches to each drum may be used. The scoop will be filled by the rope R be hauled out by the rope R while tilted backward as may be necessary by the rope R restrained by applying the brake sufficiently to the drum D be overturned backward by the rope R be drawn back again bythe rope RR and be set up for refilling by the rope R Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is.

1. In combination in apparatus for excavating, dredging andtransporting earth and v other materials, a main power-station and an outhaul-station in onestructure, a scraper and power mechanism and three ropes for operating said scraper whereby earth may be filled into the scraper by hauling it forward,

transported in it by hauling it backward and deposited from it by overturning it forward,

l vating, dredging and transporting earth and substantially as described,

2 for depositing the contents, and is.

2 In combination in apparatus for excavating, dredging and transporting'earth and other materials, a main power-station and .an outhaul-station 1n one structure, a scraper and power mechanism and three ropes for operating said scraper whereby-earth maybefilled into the scraper by hauling it for 'vard,

transported in it by hauling it forward and deposited from it by overturning it backward, substantially as described.

3. In combination 1n apparatus" for eXca-f vating, dredging and transporting earth and 7, other materials, a main power-station and am outhaul-station in one structure, scraper; and power mechamsm and three ropes for o "8o crating said scraper whereby earth may e filled into the scraper by hauling forward, transported in it by hauling it either, ba'ckward or forward and deposited from it by overturning it forward or backward as the scribed.

4. In combination in apparatus vating, dredging and transporting earth'and other materials, a main power-station and an outhaul station in separate structures, a

scraper and power mechanism and three ropes for operating said scraper whereby earth may be filled into the scraper by haul ing it forward transported in it by hauling it for exca backward and deposited from it by overturning it forward, substantially as described. I 7 5. In combination in apparatus for exca vating, dredging and transporting earth'and; other materials, a main power-station and an outhaul-station in separate structures, a scraper and three ropes for operating said scraper whereby earth may be filled intothe ioo scraper by hauling it forward, transported in 1 it by hauling it forward and deposited from it by overturning it forward, substantially as described.

6. In combination in apparatus foieXo-a vating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials, a main power-station and an outhaul station in separate structures, a scraper and power mechanism and three ropes for operating said scraper whereby earth may befilled into the scraper by hauling it forward, transported in it"by hauling it forward and deposited from it by overturn- 1 mg 1t backward, substantially as described! 7. In combination n apparatus for exca-- vating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials, a mam power-station and an outhaul-station in separatestructures, a

scraper and power mechanism and three ropes for operating said scraper whereby earth may be fil ed into the scraper by hauling it forward, transported in it by hauling it either back;-

ward or forward and deposited from it by overturning forward or backward as th e work may require, substantially as described.

8. In combination in apparatus for exca- .5 work may require, substantially as del other materials, a main power-station and an outhaul-stationin one double cantaliver structure, a scraper and power mechanism and three ropes for operating said scraperwhereby earth may be filled into said scraper by hauling it forward, transported in it by haul- 1 limit of the main power-station and deposited fromit by overturning it forward, substantially as described.

9; In combination in apparatus for excavating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials, a main power-station and an outhaul-station in one double cantaliver inglit forward towardthe extreme outward structure, a scraper and power mechanism and three ropes for operating said scraper -Whereby earth may be filled into said scraper by hauling it forward, transported in it by 1 hauling it forward toward the extreme outer main ited from it by overturning it backward, substantially-as described.

power-station and depos 10. In combination in apparatus for exca- Vating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials, a main power-station and an outhaul-station in one double cantaliver structure, ascraper and power mechanism and three ropes for operating, said scraper whereby earth may be filled into said scraper by hauling-it forward, transported in it by hauling it backward toward the outhaul-staoverturning it tion and deposited from it byforward, substantially as described.

11. In combination in apparatus for excavating, dredging and transporting earth and 1 other materials, a anain power-station and an 'outhaul-sta'tion in one double cantalit 9r structure, a scraper and power mechanism and three ropes for operating said scraper whereby earth may be filled into the scraper by hauling it forward, transported in it by hauling it backward or forward and deposited from it by overturning it forward or backward as the work may require,- substantially as de scribed.

12. In combination with a main powerstation and an outhaul-statio'n having suitable power.mechanism, a scraper and three ropes for operating said scraper substantially in the manner herein described whereby earth and other materials may be filled into the scraper,

transported in it and deposited from it.

13. In combination with a main power-station and an outhaul-station having suitable power mechanism, a scraper having an arm or projection thereon and three ropes for operating said scraper substantially in the 1nan- VIier herein described whereby earth and other material may be filled into the scraper, transported 11. it and deposited from it.

14. For excavating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials in combination, a main power-station and an outhaulstation with power mechanism, a scraper and ropes for operating said scraper whereby earth and other materials may be filled into the scraper by haulingit forward, transported in it by hauling it forward and deposited from it bv overturning it backward, substantiallg as described. v

15. For excavating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials in combination, a main power-station and an outhaulstation with suitable power mechanism, a scraper and three ropes for operating said scraper whereby earth and other materials may be filled into the scraper by hauling it forward with one part of the scraper bearing upon the ground, transported in it by haulingit away with another part of the, scraper bearing upon the ground anddeposited from it by overturning it, substantially as described' y 16. For excavating, dredging and trans porting earth and other materials in combination, a main power-station and an outhaulstation with suitable power mechanism, a

- scraper and ropes for operating said scraper whereby earth and other materials may be filled into it by hauling it forward bearing upon one part of the scraper, transported in it by hauling it away bearing upon another part, deposited from it by overturning it onto the third part of its surface upon which it is borne when being hauled back to be refilled, substantially as described.

17. In combination, machinery comprising a scraper, a main power-station and'an out-' -haul-station power mechanism, three winding-drums, brakes and clutches to said winding drums, power controlling mechanism, manipulating-levers therefor, i an elevated platform for the operating attendant and three ropes )assing from said winding-drums to points of attachment at-the scraper, of which ropes the main hauling-r0 eis attached near the front of the scra er and the forwardhauling' rope and the bac Ward-hauling rope are attached at the upper part of the scraper whereby earth and othermaterials may be filled into the scraper, transported in it and deposited from it.

18. In combination, a main power-station and an outhaul-station, a main hauling-engine having a winding-drum, a controllingengine with two winding-drums, a scraper, a

main hauling-rope passing from the drum of the' main hauling-engine to the front of the scraper, a forward-hauling rope passing from a drum of the controlling-engine to the upper part of the scraper, a backward-hauling rope passing from a drum fitted with-a frlctionbrake on the controlling and from the outhaul-station to the upper part of the scraper whereby said scraper may be drawn along by the main hauling-rope, tilted forward by the forward-hauling rope, tilted backward by the backward-hauling rope and held tiltedas porting earth and desired by the forward-hauling rope hauled by the controlling-engine acting a ainst the backward-hauling rope restraine by the friction-brake so that earth and other materials may be filled into the scrap er, transported in it and deposited from it, substantially as described.

19. For excavating, dredging and transother materials by means of a scraper operated by ropes as herein described, an arm or projection on the said scraper with which the ropes engage whereby the control of the scraper by the forwardhauling rope and the backward-hauling rope is facihtated,substantially as described.

20. A scraper having an arm or rojection of sufiicient length to rise above t 1e surface of the water when being used for excavating and the like under Water, hauling means engaging with said arm substantially as described.

21. For excavating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials, a powerstation and an outhaul-station with suitable power mechanism combined in one structure,

consisting of a framing forming the mai. power-station, and boom from forming the outhau station, and a scraper supported and operated by ropes controlled therefrom substantially as and for the purpose described and shown.

22. For excavating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials in combination, a main power-station and an outhauistation with suitable power mechanism, a scraper having a strengthening-rib within the bowl and ropes for operating said scraper, substantially as described and shown.

23. For excavating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials in combination with a scraper and ropes attached to said scraper, 'a machme comprising a main powerstation and an outhaul-station combmed in one double cantaliver structure with suitable plplwer mechanism whereby earth may be ed into the said scraper, conveyed in. it and dumped from it beyond the limits of area 11 on which said machine stands, substantlally as herein described.

24. In combination, a main power-station and an outhaul-station with. power mechanism, a scra er and r0 es attached to the scraper of w 'ch ropes t e main hauling-rope is attached by three draft-lines to connect such mechanism and r0 ro ect1ng therewith a single hauling-rope, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

25. In maclunery for excavating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials in combination, a main power-station and an outhaul-station with suitable power mechan ism, a scraper and three ropes for operatin said scraper, the operation of filling the sai scra or when controlled as to its angle of tilt by t 1e backward-hauling rope restrained by a friction-brake applied to its winding-drum against the forward-hauling rope drawn by its winding-drum to which power is applied while the scraper is being drawn forward by the main hauling-rope, substantially as described.

26. In machinery for excavating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials in combinatioma main power-station and an outhaul-station with suitable power mechanism, a scraper and ropes for operating said scraper, the use of a deck or decks uponwhich the mechanism is arranged so that an attendant may overseethe scraper'thl'oughout its course and control the scraper by means of es so that earthand other materials may be lled into the scraper, 'tfLtIlS orted in it and deposited from it, subsi ntially as herein described.

7. In machinery for excavating, dredging and transporting earth and other materials in c nbination, amainpower-station, an outhaui station, power mechanism, a scraper, operatl rig-ropes with each rope directly attached to the scra war for operating it and brackets or lugs at the front of the scraper,'as and for the purpose herein described.

28. In combination for excavating, dredg- 0 rials, a scraper, ropes attached to said sc'raper and a machine with suitable power mechanism ior operating said scra er by means of said rop s, such machine layin a double cantaliVer-arm bearing guide-pulIeys whereby said scraper may be operated each way beyond the limits of the area upon which said machine stands.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE HENRY DUNLOI.

Vitnesses BEDLINGTON BODYCQMB, W. J. S. THOMPSON.

(r and transporting earth and other mate- -IOO