US821307A - Decorative shade-reflector for artificial lights. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAY 22, 1906.

0. A. MYGATT,

DECORATIVE SHADE REFLECTOR FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 12. 1904.

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No. 821,307. PATENTED MAY 22, 1906. I

0. A. MYGATT. DECORATIVE SHADE REFLECTOR FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS.

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5T0. 821,307. PATENTED MAY 22, 1906. 0. A. MYGATT.

DECORATIVE SHADE REFLECTOR FOR ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS,

APPLICATION FILED MAY 12. 1904.

3 smmw-smm 1 PI. G113 PV/ZVESSES: J/VVENTOR Application lllerl .Zo (LZZ whom it may; -110mm Es it known that l, @Tis A M zen of the United York, in the county of New of New York, heveinvented. cert useful EIK'IPXO'V'QIHQI'LIZS in Decorative 1"" R eflectors for Artificial Ll llts of which the gle Elli (l two plane 1.130111 the reflector ls ne surisces 1s following is s s pe0ilicstion. l finite object This invention relates tn com os ls iii 6 5 [o tors and dGCOlll-lVG shadetotilici :1, r 0 upwind. prism =.n. one angle tee part so ting (Else Fig. 1C.)

-. s3. in pet- 7o composed entirely of trenspm' nt glass.

The object of the ii'wention is to p 0 in a single structure. of glass reflects; shall be l. y eiicfent by reason i nietie construction. 01" that n of r 111e,) N0, which is best adapted for doubleto utilize part of the sui isms l rebe of reet utilit its a .1' vie anal two nlane i b V ose of illuminating areas 01" smiles a ray sf light from 75 'ssing @3011. 1 tbs side the reflector, and to? producing a k the itinor see of tive and ornmnen tail effects the illun'linstion. Figure it is 2:. side elevstion reflector involving the prin v'ention. l

3 .4 psi-ti srtial section of a. reflector incandescent electric lamp. direction of certain of ii broken horizontal sectien tin the prisms 3 in 1 i section through some Fig. 5315 a, partial section and 'tion oi a modified eonstruction. side elevation of still another ninrl he: 5 Figs. 7 8 are ediiicstions of spa of the invention. Figs 1 13. A study of diagramsillustrating the cliyectmn i E' W where double-ref light-rays through certain. forms P "ayes. no matter how and fiutings which are applicable "ans reflector, it light- 05' 4 parts of the decorative i eflector according to wnnon in Figs. 9 and 10 light my .nters'tlie glass t teci U1? refreetedjof 9o but en'zeiges in Air no 1.. e from the interior will the principles of my inventinn. e (in materiel quantity) from the 7 In order that my meaning as of: the glass, but will be remay be clear, 1 Wlll here de tliereol, p11 vided the terms which I shall lie 3 r ins so placed with this speeifiestioi'i. By s 1st tne i'sys strike an angular piece of tren ne "faces of tlis prisms at about an an ally having one angle forty-live degree-3. In. other words, which merge into the body is Witn simple er with compound prisms er- (see Figs. 3, 4, 9, and 13,) b1 on e the light will pass the sheds. ii /it' l]. double or total a have a g 1 number of faces. (Se Fig. 10.) Sue?" I nns n ZOlifiGiilllg prisms the light Wlll emerge from short. as facet er remicl 01: new new the lass at the side Which-it entess. B T a tinnen' st iengtn in s eireun'ierentisl vertiin. n 01' 2t rlnting' I refer to refersnob. an wiltillh' 0i: prism o tinting as does no feel, (me 51,) or spiral. direction, v 5 genes to the body 0": fire i'efiectsr. not deflect, reflect, or retract an" considen lit-T223751 in any one pertieular direction, but such'as is calculated to break up, diffuse, or spray out light-rays in many directions. By a distributmg-prisn'i I mean either a simple or a compound prism having one or more surfaces definitely calculated with a definite light distribution in view. That is to say, a distributing-prism is calculated to direct a considerable proportion of the light-rays emerging from the prism in certain predetermined directions,

whether by reflection only or by refraction only, or by both reflecting and refracting these light-rays.

In my Design Patents Nos. 32,685 and 32,686, of May 22, 1900, I describe and illustrate very effective forms of prismatic glass reflectors. By large experience in the manufacture of such reflectors and of other species forms the upper half has of course much less than half the area of the entire reflector. As will be seen in Fig. 2, the lamp itself is an obstacle in the way of reflection from the upper part of the shade-reflector. This is generally true with nearly all varieties of artificial lights, electric or otherwise. In incandescent lights the upper part of the filament. is least effective for illuminating purposes, but has some value.

In using the terms upper and lower I use them in a relative sense only. In Fig; 2 the shade-reflector and lamp are shown in a common relation; but this may be varied, and the position both of the lamp or light and of the reflector will depend on circumstances, as is usual with lamps and reflectors.

In my present invention I largely dispense with the reflective action of the central or upper portion of the prismatic shade-reflector and adapt that portion of the body which heretofore acted with small cfliciency as a rc flector to the purposes of decoration, ornamentation, and the distribution and diffusion of light passing through the body of the device, which thus becomes not merely a reflector of light.

I find by experiment that the most efl'ect- I ive arrangement of prisms for the purpose of reflecting light from the open mouth of a reflector of commonform is what I term a vertical arrangement of prisms on the upper form shown in Figs. 3 and 13. The prisms 3 are arranged with their axes extending in what I generally term a vertical direction.

(Such term is not strictly accurate, norwould the term radial be strictly accurate; but in connection with the drawings these terms will probably be understood, being the best terms with which :I am familiar.) As will be seen, such prisms in order to preserve the desired reflective angle must increase in width and height as they approach the periphery of the reflector. As the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection must be equal, the line a b b c, Fig. 3, indicates the direction of a lightray when reflected twice, the light-ray returning in a line parallel with its line of radiation. This direction, due to the form of the prism, is, however, somewhat modified by the for-n. of the body of the reflector, as indicated by lines a b c, Fig. 2. Where the light-ray does not encounter the plane face of the prism at an an le of forty-five degrees, it may still be partia ly reflected in a somewhat different direction, as at a b b c, Fig. 3.

When risms are arranged spirally on the outer sur'ace of a reflector of common form, the reflective angle varies by reason of this arrangement, and one side of the prism pre: sents a comparatively flattened surface to the light-rays radiating from within the reflector, as indicated -in exaggerated form in Fig. 4. In such case a light-ray may be broken up and diffused, as at (1 eff in Figs. 2 and 4, or it may be refracted, as at h 'i, Fig. 4.

Where a shade-reflector is divided into zones, the upper zone being covered with spiral prisms and the lower with radial prisms, it is apparent that the light distribution, both inside and outside the reflector, is, different from what it would be were the same charac ter of prisms retained throughout the device. The same is true where other light-directing bodies are employed in lieu of prisms,{ 3.hus

by changing the character otthe'extefnal light-directing bodies on the reflector i'ndifg ferent'belts or zones the'efl'ective distribution of light may be varied Without changing the form of the body. 1 I

I have hereinbefore explained that the upper portion of the'pri'sniatic reflector is not very ellicient for reflective purposes. In the present invention I devote this portion of the body to other purposes, using the lower por tion of the reflector (for somethin like onehalf the height oy three-fourths 0% the area) for purposes of reflection. In Fig. 1 the upper portion ofthe reflector has prisms arranged spirally aljput its body, which arran emeut is considered decorative and is aso .quite effective in' diffusing light-rays from this portion of the body, the rays largely passing through the glass. The outward appearance of the reflector (when over a light) viewed from oneside or from ,above is that of an illuminated body having bright and less 4 ing prisms E E, arranged in s bright spiral lines arranged about the upper ortion, Whi e the lower portion shows but little illumination. The upper portion, there fore, of a shade or reflector constructed in .general as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 5 is a lightdiffusing surface, the spirally-arranged prisms 4 orthe pyramids 5 acting to diffuse light in substantially all radial directions outward from the reflector. The body 1 is preferably smooth on the interior,and the reflecting surface is substantially covered by double-re fleeting prisms 3. Vi here the body is bent inward toward its periphery, as at 2, Fig. ,2, the concentration of reflected light in fronflof the open mouth of the reflector is greater than where a reverse curve is employed,'as in Fl 5. 1

in Fig. 6 the outer surface front A to B of the shade-reflector has decorative or ornamental figures, forms, or bodies 0 C, generally in relief, on a ground D of clear glassv Theclear glass will transmit tne light-rays with little obstruction. The orna. ental bodies or forms may be made ligl1t-diiiusing by the adaptation of any style of fluting or otherwise; but these bodiss'will necessarily reflect some of the li ht-iaySback into the reflector or there wou d be no contrast of appearance, which contrast'is what produces the decorative eflect'. Thelower or reflector part of the composite shade-reflector, Fig. 5, is substantially covered with double-reflectleries and of the character described and claimed in =my application, Serial No. 199,721, filed March 24-, .1904. Such construction of prisms is not specifically claimed herein.

In the modification shown in Fig. 7 the uper part of the shade-reflector at ll is of frosted, etched, or varnished glass. This. gives a light-diffusing, but only to a small extent a light-reflecting-surface. The lower portion G, which is the reflector proper, is externally covered with reflecting-prisms, arranged spirally, and therefore less efficient reflecting-prisms than would be the p isms 3 3 or E E, but still having considerable reflective power, as the prisms are not flattened in the extent indicated in Fig. 4:. Such an ar r'angeinent of prisms, which by their crosssection would be double-reflecting if arranged vertically, gives to part G a fairly eflicient reflecting-surface, together with a considerable external diffusion of light and has a docorative appearance.

In Fig. 8 the upper portion of the'shadereflector is shown as covered with light-dif- "iu'sin risrns ribs or flutiiws arran ed in series. I J K of'reverse spirals. While such prisms if made on the forty flve-degree or best reflecting angle would have consider able reflecting power it arranged near the periphery of the reflectoras, for instance,

at G, Fig. 7-they have but little reflecting capacityso near the center of the reflector and may be practically considered as light dill'using prisms.

in my ap iilication, Serial hid. iiled November 19, 3.903, I describe and claim a reflector havin its upper portion substantialiy covered with ciicumierential light di rooting or distributing prisms, and its lower body a roilecti'lr, substantially covered with reliccting'prisms, as in the present application. Such .l do not claim herein, as the light-(iistributing feature is herein substituted. by the decorative and light-diffusing features, hereinbeiore described.

in my application, Serial No. 184,382, filed December 8, 1902, l describe and claim. a shade-reflector having its lower body portion constructed reflector, as in the pres ent application, and its upper or neck por tion covered with circumferential light-dif using prisms. in. such application the dis play or decorative features of the present de vice are not embodied and the claims are limited to circurnierential prisms. in such application light-diflusion is in part efl'ected by the internal construction of the shadereflector. in the pr have assumed the inner tiace oi the shade-reflector to be smoo h, although such is not a necessary construction under all. circurn stances. My claims in the present applica tion relate to the comitruction of the upper or outer surface of the shade-reflector.

From the foregoing it- Will be apparent that a shade reflector constructed according to my invention of a single piece of glass can be made quite eflicient to reflect a large proportion o'ilight-rays received frornwithin in a definite direction out of the open mouth of the reflector. in addition 1 utilizethe light-rays which by reason'oi the form of the reflector, asusually made, or by reason of the location of the light within the reflector cannot be very efficiently reflected for the purposes of external illuniiination and decoration, and this purpose may be carried out in many ways within the scope of my claims.

The light diil'using bodies on the upper part of the shade-reflector, whether ribs, prisms, flutings, facets, or other forms, perform the function of transmitting a large percenta e oi'the light and do not reflect a very considerable quantity thereol back into the shade-reflector, but difl'use the light and present decorative appearances to the observer.

What l claim. is-

l. A shade-reflector of glass, in form of a irustum having an open mouth, and having on its outer surface integral light-reflecting bodies adapted to reflect light-rays from within back into the reflector and out at the open mouth thereof, said bodies being of dit- -ferent reflective power in diilerent belts or zones surrounding the reflector. f 2. in a shade-reflector composed of glass in form of a irustuin and having an open out application. i

ISO

mouth, a Zone having external prisms arranged spirally and adapted to reflect lightrays back'into the reflector and out at the open mouth, and another zone having prisms arranged radially and adapted to reflect light rays back and out at the open mouth. l

3. In a shade-reflector composed of a single piece of glass, in form of a frustum, and hav' mg an open mouth, a zone having external io spirally-arranged prisms, and a second zone having reverse spiral prisms, all said prisms arranged to reflect some of the light-rays:

back into and out at the open mouth of the reflector In Lestnnony whereof I afliX my signature 15

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