US820911A - Regulating mechanism for elastic-fluid turbines. - Google Patents

Description

No. 820,911. PATENTED MAY l5, 1906. i

J. G. CALLAN.

REGULATING MBGHANISM POR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES. 'APPLIOATIQN FILED PEB.z3,19o5.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Inventor, John G. Cal la'n,

No. 820,911.` PATENTED MAY l5, 1906.

J. G. GALLAN.r Y

REGULA'I'ING MEGHANISM FOR ELASTIG FLUID TURBINES. .APPLICATION FILED FEB.23.1905.

2 SHEETS-SHBET 2.

` Inventor; John G. Ca lan,

UITFD Y OFFTCE.

ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK. I

IREGULTING MEGHANISI FOR ELASTlC-'FLUID TURBINES..

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented May 15, 1906.

Application led February 23, 1905i Serial No. 246,858.

To ,ff/ZZ teli/0740, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN G. CALLAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Regulating Mechanism for Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to improvements in regulating mechanism for elasticlluid turbines, and has for its object to rovide a governing mechanism which wil effectively regulate the admission of steam or.

other elastic fluid to the bucket-wheels and which will shut oii the admission of motive lluid to the turbine when the speed of the shaft exceeds a predetermined amount.

' In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of my invention, Figure 1 is a partial longitudinal section of a turbine; Fig. 2, a detail view taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction'of the arrow;

Fig. 3, a partial section taken on line 3 3 of Fig, 1 looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 4. is a detail view showing the means for attaching the emergency-trigger to the valveactuating mechanism. Fig. 5 is a perspective detail view of the means employed to connect the valve-stein with the overnoractuated lever. Fig. 6 is a partialr view. in side elevation, of the bell-crank lever for actuating the valve-stem. Fig. 7 is a bottom Fig.` 8 is a partial the position which tliey occupy a ter the emergency-governor has been operated; and

i Fig. 9 is a detail view of an improved Jform of emergency-governor.

1. represents the main shaft, whlch carries the bucket-wheel 2, the latter being provided with one or more rows of eripheral or other buckets 3. The wheel is mclosed in a casing 4, that is suitably constructed. Where two or more rows of wheel-buckets are em lo ed, intermediate buckets 5 are providedpw ch are located between the adjacent row of the wheel-buckets. These buckets are carried by the support 6, that is bolted to the wheel# casing. Steam or other elastic fluid is aclmitted through the bucket-Wheel by the nozzle 7, which is provided with one or more valve-seat.

Mountedfon the endof the shaft is a gov- -ernor or speedresponsive device 8, which is inclosed by the casing 9, the latter being detachable and bolted to the wheel-casing. In order to prevent fluid from leaking from the wheel-casing into the governor-casing, a suitable acking 10 is employed having means for ad'usting it.

Bolted or otherwise secured to the face of the wheel-casing is a valve-casing 11. EX- tending vertically through the valve-casing is a cylindrical bore which is closed at its lower `end by a plug 12. The upper end of the bore is closed by 'a head 18, which contains an oil or grease containing chamber 14, the latter' being closed by a removable cover 15. Extending vertically through the center .of the plug is a tubular valve-stem 16, and mounted on the stem is a combined regulat-n v ing and shut-ofi' valve 17 of suitable construction. In the present form of the invention Ythe valve is shown to be of the balanced-piston type, which is suitably guided by the walls ofthe c linder. Steam or other elastic Huid is admitted by the conduit 18. The

head of the piston-valve is provided with oneA or more openings to balance the pressure on opposite sides thereof. The opening or openings are so arranged that when the valve is seated-JL. e., in its raised osition-they are closed by the solid annu ar portion of the .The up or end ofthe valve-stem 16 is provided wit grooves to restrict the leakage of the motive fiuid as much as ossible. Any steam which escapes around t e stern is condensed in tue lubricantcontaining ychamber 14, tue latter being-filled with asbestos or similar material, and the lubricant is thus caused to rise and flow down. through the center of the valvestom into tno chamber' 19, located near the lower end thereof, and thus lubricate the valve-stem at the point where it passes through the Jlug 12. The excess water and lubricant is ed by the passage 20 back into the wheel-casing.

IOO.

lIO

from the oil-cup 27.

Thegovernor or speed-responsive device comprises a suitable frame 21, upon which are mounted weights 22, tne movements of the latter being opposed by a suitable spring. Motion is transmitted from the speed-responsive device to the valve-stem by a bell-crank are provided with a common fulcrurn 30, the

said iulcruni being carried by a bracket 3]., as best shown in Figs. 1 and 2,. This bracket is formed integrally with or attached to the valve-casing. Connecting the parts 28 and 29 of the bell-crankl lever is a flat spring 32, which normally tends to move the parts lto the osition shown in Fig. 8. This tendency of t le two parts to move independently of each other is normally opposed, however, by a trigger 33, which is provided with a li 34, that engages with a projection 35 on the orizontally-extending portion of the lever 28, as best shown in Fig. 3. The trigger is carried by the portion 28 of tne bell-crank lever and is so supported that it has a certain freedom of -movement to permit oi its being moved by the emergency-governor to disengage the lip 34 from'the rojection 35. This construction is 'best s own in Fig. 4. Referring to this figure, 36 represents a knife-edge which engages a seat 37, having a V-shapefl groove in its upper surface. The trigger is secured to the lever 29 by rivets or other means 38, which arerigidly secured to the lever and make a'loose fit-with the trigger. To state the matter in a different Way, the knife-edge 36 and the block 37 form a pivot lor the trigger 33, which permits of a certain amount of movement of the trigger either to engage or l' disengage the lip 34 and the projection 35.

separation takes place the valve-stem 16 isl Mounted upon the frame 21 of the speedresponsive device are one or more flat springs 39 under a definite tension which constitutes an emergency-governor responsive to speed changes, These springs are so set that they normally occupy the position shown in Fig. 3;

but when the speed of the shaft increases above a ,predetermined maximum the free ends thereof move outwardly and strike the trigger When the trigger is struck, its lower end is moved to the right, Fig. 3, which permits the u arts of the bell-crank lever to separate an assume the position shown in Fig. 8. This separation of the levers is due to the actionof the flat spring 32.' As this moved upward, which causes the piston- Tvalve 17 to enter the portion of the cylinder locateddirectly above it, lto establisn con` tact with the flat seat at thc upper end of this portion and to thereby cut off all communica-- tion between the inlet pipe or conduit 18 and the nozzle or other Huid-discharge device or devices. From the foregoing it will be seen that the valve 17 has two seats, one rormed by the cylindrical bore, the other by tbe per forated disk-like portion atv tne lower end oi the head 13. lVn'en the valve is closed, the unbalanced pressures thereon hold it against the disk-like seat. In opening the valve the' usual practice is to first cut ofi" the supply through the conduit 18. the bell-crank lever to move the valve 17 witnout cramping either in theinormal controlling of the turbine orunder emergency conditions, the left-hand end of the portion 28 of the bell-crank lever is provided with jaws 40, Fig. 5, which are adapted to receive thel pin 41, the latter being .provided with flat ends which are free to slide in the jaws. Tne lower end of the valve-stem 16 is provided with an eye which. is located between the jaws, and the pin 41 retains the parts in place. I may employ equivalent arrangements for this purpose.

Under normal operating conditions the speed-responsive device 8 moves the con- In order to permit j necting-rod 24 in the direction ofthe-arrow f Vunder an increase of speed and in the opposite direction under a decrease in speed; When for any reason the speed of the shaft exceeds a predetermined number of revolutions per unit of time, the free end of the springl or springs 39 moves outwardly and engaging t latch 34 `and permits the parts of the bellcrank lever to separate and the valve 17 to close. (In order to reset the mechanism after lthe emergency-governor has operated the supply of steam to the pipe 18 is cut oit, the cover or cap '15 is removed and the stem 16 depressed by a suitable means until the parts of the bell-crank lever are locked by l the lip 34 and the projection 35, as shown particularly in Figs` 1, 3 6, and 7, after which the cap 15 is replaced and the machine started in the usual way.)

In Fig. 9 is shown an improved form of emergency-governor. Each of the springs is mounted in a stud 42 and normally rests on the pin 43 under a stress which ma be more or less great. The spring is provi ed with a relatively long loop or turn 44, and the parts are so arranged that afterv the spring or springs have achievedV their normal travel further outward movementl at the .given speed is prevented by contact of a point on t e spring with its sup orting-stud. The full-line osition shows the normal position and the otted line the abnormal.

My invention can be used with the socalled jet turbines, also with the so-called e trigger releases the lock or f snaai-i reaction turbines, or with any other type l a divided connection for moving the valve of motor wherein it is desired to` control the admission of elastic Huid to the moving element.

In the drawings stationary and rotary buckets aieshovvn; but I may employ buckets Which are all movable. y

In accordance With the revisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I nowconsider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I de-` sire to have it understood that the a paratusV shown is'only illustrative and that t e invention can be carried out by equivalent means. What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent oi the United States, ism' 1. In a governing mechanism for fluid-acn tuated motors, the combination of 'a comn bined'controlling and shut-o valve, a speedresonsive device Which moves the valve to an fro to 'regulate the admission of fluid,

`and a second speed-responsive 'device Whirh acts independently of the first, to shut the a means @for separatin the artsof the con` `valve When the speed of the motor exceeds a predetermined amount. p

l 2. In a governing mechanism, the combination ot a combined controlling and shut-ofi valve'ior controlling the admission of motive fluid tothe turbine, a speed-responsive device connected to the valve for normally'regulating the 'admission of :fluid to the buckets, and a means for breakingthe connection between the valve and device and shutting the valve to cut oil the suppl of Amotive fluid when the s eed of the turbine exceeds a predetermine amount.

3. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a combined controlling and shut-oH valve for regulating the admission of fluid to vthe turbine, a stem for actuating the valve, la

speed-responsive device, a divided connection between the valve and said device, and

nection and shutting t e va ve under predetermined conditions.

4t. In a governing mechanism, the combinationoi a valve regulating the admission of motive Huid to the turbine, a speed-responsive device, a divided connection for transmitting motion from the device to the valve,

a lock for uniting the parte of the connection, and a means ior releasing the lock under cer- 'tainpredetermined conditions. i

5. Iny a governing mechanism, the combi nation oi' a valve, a speed-responsive device, a' divided 'connection for moving the valve 'which is actuated by the speed-responsive de vice, a lock for uniting' the parts of the con-- nection,.a meanslior releasing the lock,and a meansior separating v.the parts of the con nection and shutting the valve. y

'6. In a gever mechanism, the combi- ,nation` oit a valve.afsneed-responsive device.

'mally inactive Which is actuated by the speed-responsive d evice, a combined trigger and loclr which nor mally unites the parts of the connection, and a means arranged to engage the trigger under certain conditions and release the lock and permit the valve to move.

7. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a speed-responsive device, a divided connection 'for moving the valve, which is actuated by the speed-responsivede vice, a bracket for supporting the connection, a lock normally holding the parts of the con nection in a lpredetermined relation, and a spring for separating the parts of the connec tion and moving the valve when released by the lock.

8. In ,a governing mechanism, the combin nation of a valve, a speed-responsive device, a divided connection ior actuating the valve which is moved by the speedsresponsive device, a lock carri ed by one part of the connection and normali engaging another, a means for separating t ei parts of the connection When released by the lock, and an eniergencygovernor iorreleasing' the lock.

9. In a governing mechanism, the combi nation of a valve, a speed-responsive device, a bell-crank lever comprising two principal parts for transmitting motion from the said device to the valve, a fulcrum which is common to said parts oi the lever, a spring tend ing at all times to separate the parts of the lever, a lock for resisting the sprin Y, and an emergency-governor for releasing t e lock.

10. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a combined regulating and shut-oil valve, a speed-responsive device, a divided lever for transmitting motion -from the speedresponsive device to the valve, a universal,

connection between the lever and valve, a spring normally tending to separate the parts of the lever, a lock normally uniting the parts of the lever, and a spring, the free end of which releases the loch under conditions of excess speed.

11. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a movable element, a valve which controls the action oi the motive fluid on the movable element, a device res onding. toy

changes in speed of the movab e element, which tends to open and close the valve as the speed chan es, and a second device nor but. which responds to abnor- .mal speed changes and shuts said valve to out oil the supply oi motive fluid tothe movable element.

12. ,Ina governing mechanism, the combi nation oi a movable element, a single valve' which. acts asl a controlling and a shutfoil valve, a speed-responsive device Which tends to open and close the valve as the speed of the moving element changes, and a means which, under abnormal conditions, closes the IIO valve irrespectivevof tlle position occupied stop to limit its outward movement due to 1o by the speed-responsive device. centrifugal force.

13. In a governing mechanism for motors, In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my the combination of a vvalve which is adapted hand this 17th day of February, 1905.

. to shut off the supply of fluid to the motor JOHN G CALLAN when the speed exceeds a certain predeterl mined limit, a fiat spring for actuating the Witnesses: valve which is rotated' by the motor, and a JOHN A. Mo MANUs, Jr.,

4support for the spring Whicn also acts as a DUGALD MoK. McKILLoP.

Images