US820747A

US820747A - Method of and apparatus for lining tunnels with concrete.

Info

Publication number: US820747A
Application number: US21573104A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ross F Tucker
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1904-07-08
Filing date: 1904-07-08
Publication date: 1906-05-15
Anticipated expiration: 1923-05-15

Description

No. 820,747. PATBNTBD MAY 15, 1906.

R. F. TUCKER.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LINING TUNNBLS WITH CONCRETE.

' APPLICATION FILED JULYB. 1904.

I I i u 232 4. MCI/v fiwenfw No, 820,747. PATENTED MAY 15, 1906. R. PJTUGKER.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LINING TUNNELS WITH CONCRETE.

AIPLIOATION FILED JULY 8. 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHBET 2.

[rwenfar 5/ zmmwp w 5 5 which run upon.

llll lllhll ROSS F. TUCKER, OF NEVV YORK, N. Y. lllllE'lHUll'l 0F AND APPARATUS Fflll l..llllll\l3r TtlltlilllEtE Wl'l'l-l QQNGHETE- No. 820, 7&7.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented. May 15, 1906.

Application filed July 3, 1904; Serial No. 215,731.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Ross F. Tocnnn, a citizen of the United States, residing at 156 Fifth avenue, New York city, State of New York, have invented a new and useful Method oi and Apparatus for Lining Tunnels with (loncrete, of which the following is a speciiication- My invention relates to improvements in methods and apparatus for the lining of tunnels, particularly with concrete, its object being to carry on simultaneously the two sets of operations of driving the tunnel-heading and finishing the interior of the tunnel-tube in .the rear of the heading; and it consists in the methods and featuresof construction hereinafter particularly described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a cross section oils metallic tunnel-tube in whichrny improvements are shown. Fig. 2 is a l0l1g1-- tudinul section of the same. Fig. 3 is a pen spective sectional detail of the tunnehtube and the shield-segii'ients in place thereon, with one of the closure-sections secured in place and Fig. 4 is a detail showing the couping for a hose connection between a grout pump and one of the closu e-sections.

'ln the drawings, A represents a metallic tube adapted. to be erected within the, bore of the tunnel, made up of flanged segments 2 and 3.

B is "a temporary frame or platfornrarranged longitudinally in the completed portion of the tunnel-tube, extending, preferably, from the tunnel-entrance to close prox imity to the heading and being arranged, preferably, near, but a-little below, the horizontal diameter of the tube, leaving space underneath for the running of cars to and from the heading. This platform is made up of the cross-tin1bers 4, the standards 5, having proper braces 6, and preferably covered with e floor of planks 7. The platform isslightly narrower than the diameter of the tube, as shown, for reasons hereinafter pointed out.

0 is the shield or center, by means of which the concrete is applied to the tunneharch end held in place until it has set. This is made up of series of channel-girders 8, extending transversely of the tunneharch and supported uponv the timbers 9, carried by the stringers l0; These stringers are mounted upon acks 11, which in, turn are set upon the platform 12 of the truck D, the carrying-wheels 13 of tracks lilon the platform B.

lower end of the cylindrical drlcal segments are provided with longitudinal slots 18 and are uniformly interspaced from each other, as shown best in Figs. 2 and 3, so as to leave an intermediate opening or slot 19 between each pair of segments.

ln operations, such as are illustrated in the drawings, where the lining is to be flush with the flanges of the tube the cylindrical segments of the shield are arranged to be seated upon the circiunferential flanges 20 of the tube, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in which case rubber or other compressible gaskets 21 are arranged. on the outer face of the cylindrical segments to secure an air-tight joint between the segments and the flanges.

Fitted to the space or slot between the cylindricul segments are closure-sections 22 and 23. These are rovid ed with side flanges 24, having slotted openings 25, through which, and through the slots 18 of the flanges 17 of the cylindrical segments, bolts 26 are passed to secure the sections in place, as shown in 3. The sections 22 are provided with pipe couplings or nibs 27, one near the bottom and the other near the top edge or margin. The sections 23 are not necessarily provided with such-couplings or nibs. These nibs are designed one to receive a valved coupling 28, to which may be secured a similar coupling 29, connectedtc u hose 30, leading to a grout1nixer and pump 31, mounted upon a truck 32, which runs upon the tracks 14 in the rear oi the truck... carrying the shield or center, as shown in Fig. 2, and the other to serve asavent. cylindrical segments of the shield are a little less than an arc of one hundred and eighty degrees, and therefore terminate a little above the horizontal diameter of the tube when the shield is seated upon the flanges of the tube. In'order to extend the center or shield below the diameter of the tuba, and

thus to permit the concreting of the arch bei low the center, I provide depending exten sion pieces or sections 38, secured to the segments by hinges 33. The lower ends of the extension sectionsare preferably provided with blocks 34, to which are hingedbraces 35, the outer endsof which are connected, as by means of bolts 36, to the platform B, thus holding the segment extensions firmly against-thejfianges The '- th t nn th j k el flm y agai s sections of nibs forthehose-cou' ing.

r g space w hin the .t.

headi gi a k pocket or open space of the tube.

ably arranged s ace intermediate of ,the circumferential anges of the tube and belowthe'shield, as shown in Fig. 1. y

In use the apparatus is handled and operated as follows; The tunnel-heading having been driven a sufficient distance to give Workbe betwe n-the 1 68 ing and entrance, theplatform B is erected f m the entrance to a epr ximi oi t9 he are laid ;thereon .to carry the sh eld-tracks and materiahcars. The 'shield being brought into proper are turned .to force the th arch with sufiicient pressure ,to cause .the gaskets 11 on the periphery oithe shieldto hermeticlly ea th sain -s be we th sh ld-segments andthetube-flanges. The extensiono th sh el a e hen rced ou a ainstthe flanges of the tube and secured in pace. The paces between the shield-segnients are then gradually cloeed frornthe-bottom ,1; ward by'rneansof the sections-22 and 23. thelining 's to be made with ordinary concrete, then the -blank-sections23 are used to close the s,- ace between segments until near a longitudinal flange o'f the tube, which space will be closed ;b .a s ction .22, having If, onthe other hand, the lining is to: e made of broken stone and grout, a section 22- is placed at {the bot- ,tom, as well as at the top of the spacebetween the flanges of a tube-segment. sections-are put in place the closed space back of them is filled in with QQ crete or broken stone, as the case may be, as far as it is possible to do so, leaving only a-srnall at the top of the chamer. This, then, isclosed by a section 22. The hose of the grout-pump is then connected to the lower nib of .the section at the bottom of the chamber if the whole chamber is .to be filled with grout or .to the bottom nib of the section which is placed at the .to of the chamber for the purpose of Inerel fi ing the unoccu ied remaining space. rout is then force in'until the chamber is thoroughly filled, when the valve is closed and the hose uncoupled. In this manner the spaces between the cylindrical shield-segments are gradually closed from the bottom up by means of the sections 22 and 23, and the chambers formed by the shield and the flanges and wall of the tube are filled with the concreting material. After all of these chainbers thus formed back of the shield are filled with concrete the shield is allowed to remain in place until the material has thoroughly hardened or set, after which the braces of theextension-pieces of the shield and the jackscrews supporting the shield itself are loos ened, the extension-pieces being swung in- Between the flanges oi the tube and below the ed e ofthe shieldare prefen. fillenboards 37 to close the PQSition o h t nne As thesewer wardly on their hinges and the shield bodily lowered from v.the arch of the tunnel, after which the truck can be moved forward inthe t n an th hi l ssi iacked up a ns the flanges of the tube in advance and the op eration repeated, the platform being forward as the heading advances. During the progress of .these operations concreting material and supplies can be brought in upon cars running on thetracks alongside of the shield, and the m te al p a ed in a m x gw ar w h tands .on the t ack in advance of th l as shmr -inEig- 'During allofthes'e operations it is obvious 5that {the space henea the a d m is lei fiQQiQL- S to be operated t crethroughbetwfien and heading in the ordinarylmanner. the lining of the-arch of the tunnel hasthus been entirely completed orcarried ,to. anyder sired .dis'tancemhe I MZQILMeON 0 the headg mayb -t an erredtet m k .up n the pl form ,5 d't e inve of the tunnel coincreted and all ofthe permanent fittings there? of ,put in place twithor t interfering ,with ;the,

a i np na d crertheplatforrn- J i It is apparent from the .i'ore .omg desdrnp tion that. ythus lining ,the'tu .e ,in;

dinal sections-such as, first, the and he ent ance longituthen the invert-it is .pos fble. ts carry on th s the driving of th a t and h9g of th section Work simultaneously 'th heading and the operating of the heading adjacent the Wall of the tube opposite that nponwhichthe gl nin is being applied.

' la Th m hod of lining h in ri r 6% a tunnel while the heading is being ,driyten and Without interfering therewith, consisting in app y th i i g al g a ngimdins se tron of t ,e wall in one set of operations nvhqie maintaining a way for transporting maherlal to and from the heading ad acent the opposite section, and then lining said opposite vsection and manitaining the ,way ator transporting material to and from the heading. adja: cent the first section. I

2. The method of appvlyin in to a tunnel without intererhnce with the driving of the heading, consisting in the arch and invert in separate operations, trans ort-ing materials .to and from the heading a ong the bottom of the tunnel while the arch is being lined and concreting materials transported along elevated ways from enrtrance to the point of work, and transporting materials to and from the head-5 alo el vated paths while theinvert is eing ,ined and material therefor transported along the bottom of the tunnel. i 3. The method of lining and eqnipping the interior of a tunnel-Without interference with the driving of the heading, consisting in Ell? ranging an elevated platform in the tunnel, carrying on the lining operations of the arch upon. and Over said p atform and simultane- [loo a c n ret linscorer ously utilizing the space beneath for a Way for material-carriers to and from the heading, then operating said nutteriail-carriers upon said platform and lining and equipping the tunnelnvert.

l llhemethod of applying a concrete lin-- ing to a tunnel tube, consisting in progress ively erecting a substantially diametric platform behind the heading, transporting mateporting 1 irorn lining to the tunnel-invert and transporting materials underneath the platform from en trance to point t Work, whereby both sets of operations are carried on simultaneously.

1n tunnel constructmn, means for lll'llnfi the arch of the tunnel.simultaneously wit 7 ,l'rams or platform sufficient nut iree passage oi iiiaterial-cars underneath the driving of the headin consisting of a yelevatcd to perto and from heading, a center or shield for hohlin'" the concrete in place until set, a truck lint carrying the same and tracks upon the platform for sup orting said truck and l for carrying materia-cars along the tunnel above the cars running to the heading.

6, The method of applyin a concrete lining to the arch of a tunnel-tu e, consisting in thereon to form inclosing successive or contiguous spaces temporary chambers having circumferentially-rlisposed openings there-- into, then iogressively filling said chambers from the ottom upward and closing said openings as the filling advances, and then re moving the inclosing walls. I

7. in tunnel construction, the vi'nethod. of simultaneously carrying on operations at the heading and upon. the arch in the rear of the hearlin and trans ortiug materials to and from t 1e heading a ong a path in the lower section of the tunnel, and transporting, along a path in the upper section of the tunnel, material from the entrance to the scene of wdrk upon the arch.

8. In tunnel construction, the method which consists in arranging a substantially diametric, horizontal partition in the tunnel between entrance and heading, utilizing the lower section of the tunnel as a Wav for trans.- porting materials to and from the heading and the upper section for carrying on building operations upon the tunnel-arch and as a Way for the transportation of material from the entrance to the scene of arch operations,

9. In tunnel construction, the method which. consists in trainsporting materials to and from the heading along paths in thelcottom section of the tunnel, and at the same time carrying on Work upon the arch of the tunnel and transporting materials from the entrance to the point of such work along paths in the upper section of the tunnel,

i 10. in tunnel construction, the method which consists in transporting material to and from the heading in the lower segment of the tunnel and at the same timctransporting materials toward and from the entrance and carrying on work upon the walls in the upper segment of the tunnel.

1.1. In tunnel construction, the method which consists in trans orting material toward and from the lies ing along a ath at or near the bottom of the tunnel an at the same time applying a concrete lining to the walls of the tunnel above said path.

12. A shield or center of the class described he ving a circumferential slot and removable sections for closing said slot.

'13. Apparatus for applying a concrete lining to tunnel-tubes having interior ribs or flanges, consisting of a shield or center conforming to the arch of the tube, having means for adjusting its position alon the tube and toward and from its arch, an provided With circumferential slots and remov-- able sections for closing such slots.

14 A shield or center of the class described, comprising two or more similar cylindrical segments, uniformly interspaced .toformmtermediate slots, and having common support adjustable axially and radially, and re movable closures for said slots for the purpose specified. r l

- 15. Ashield or center of the class described, comprising in combination a series of similar cylindrical segments in normal or working position concentric with the tunnel-tube, uniformly interspaced to forin intermediate openings or slots, and series of cylindrical segments for each slot serving asremovable closures therefor.

.16. Ashleld orcenterfor the purpose specie fiecl, comprising in combination a series of similar cylindrical segments having a ,common support provided with means for ad usting the position of the shield lengthwise of the tunnel and radially toward and from the arch of the tunnel, said segments being uniformly lnterspaced, and series oi -sections for closing said spaces, certain of said sections having wipe or hose couplings.

17'. 1 1e method of applying a concrete lining to a metallic tunnel-tube having inner circumferential ribs or flanges, consisting in first partially inclosing the s aces between said ribs to form chambers Wit 1 circumferen tially-slottcd openings, then progressively closing said slots from the bottom upwardly and. progressively filling the closed portions of lthe said chambers with concreting materm, 18. The method of applying a concretelinin to a metallic tube, consisting in first par. tia lly incloslng a space thereon to form a temporary chamber with circumferentlallyelotted opei'iing, the tube constituting the outer wall of the chamber, then progressively closing said opening from the bottom upwardly and filling the closed portion of the chamber with concreting materiel, and then removing the inclosing Walls of the chamber.

19, The method of applying a concrete lining to the arch of a tunnel-tum, consisting in partially inclosing spaces upon the'wslls oi the tube to form series of circumferentiallyexte'nded, temporary chambers having circumferentiellyelotted openings, then gradually closing said openings from the bottom upward, and filling the'closed spsce with concreting materiel.

21'). The method of applying s concrete lining to the arch of a tunnel-tube, consisting in first inclosing a spaceupon said arch to constitute a chamber having it circumferential slot or opening, then progressively closing said slot from the bottom upward and progrcssively charging the closed portions with concrete material, end then forcing grout into said cheniber to complete the thereof.

I The method of applying a concrete liz1- the arch of e tunnel-tube, consisting in 1 Fog successive or contiguous spaces forest-is and spec c iron; the arch e distance equal to the resound thickness of such lining, then lling sewer progressively closing the openings, betweex; segments and filling the space between seg ments and arch with concrete, and then removing said segments.

23. Apparatus for ep )lying concrete lining to a circumferentiallynbbed tube, consisting of a series of interspaced cylindrical segments eds ted to be seated severally upon the ribs of tile tube, gaskets interposed between said segments and ribs, and sections for closing the spaces between segments.

24. A shield of the class described, having series of cylindrical segments with intermediate slots, and closures therefor, and extension-segments for the lower ends of said cylindrical segments, and means for seating them egainst the tube.

25. A shield of the class described, having interspsced cylindrical segments, longitudimany-slotted flanges upon the edges thereof, closure-sections having flanged edges and securing-bolts arranged through said slots and section-flanges.

26. A shield or sem rfor the purpose specified, comprising in co blnetion a supporting and carrying truck, a) series of interspsced cylindrieel segments mounted thereon, end depending extension-pieces hinged to said segmerits.

27 Acenter 01'' the clsss described, having depending extension-pieces hinged to the lower edges thereof, end meens for raisins and lowering said center and for forcing said extensioopieces outwsrdly.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, st the city of Newlork, this 7th day of July, 1905:,

ROSS TUCKER.

Witnesses J. T. CRANE,

T. D. Meswm.