US820498A - Elevator-control system. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAY l5, 1906.

J. D. IHLDBR.

ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED PEB. 1.6, 1905.

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IVENTOR WITNESSES:

ATTRNEY@ UNITED STATES JOHN D. inn-DER, or NEW PATENT OEEIOE.

YORK, N.` Y., AssieNORV TO Orisl ELEVATOR COMPANY, lOF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, .AA CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

l ELEVATORI- CONTROL SYSTEM.

Patented May 15, 1906.

Application illed February 16, 1905. Serial No. $45,964:.v

1'0 all whom t may concern: l =Be it knownthat I, JOHN D IHLDER, a

citizen of the United States', residin at New York city, in the count of New ork and 5` State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Elevator-Control' Systems, of which the `following is a specification.

' My invention relates to elevator-control Io' systems, and more particularly that type of ectric elevator which is set in motion by pushing a button andwhose subsequent operationthat of accelerating, slowing down, and finally sto ing it-is entirely automatic.

One of the ollijccts of this invention is to provide means for automatically stopping an elevator-car at any predetermined point in .its travel regardless of its load, direction ol` travel., orspecd, or whether said car is ascendzo ing or descendin z5 the load to sto with any desire Hoor.

4o at or near the various landings. v

A further obJect of my invention is the revision 'of means for automatically'reduclng the speed of an elevator-car and varyin such reduction ol" speed in accordance wit the car substantially level Other objects ofthe present invention will appear hereinafter, the novelcombinations v o elements being pointed out in the claims.

, In the accompanying drawing I have shown diagrammatically an electric elevatorcontrol system for four floors or'landings. The hoisting mechanismitself is not shown,

-as that may be of an desired construction 35 and forms no part of t e present invention.

. Referring to lthe drawing, 10 designates an `elevator-car, upon which are mounted the push-buttons 11 12, 113,14, and 15 20, 21, 22, and 23 are push-buttons located 3Q, 31, 32 and 33 designate contacts at the various landings, which are arranged to break .the'circuit through conductor 34whenever -s one oi the elevator liatchWay-doors is opened. .The floor relays or magnets are shown at ,'40, 41 42, and 43. V44 is a doub e-wound magnet, the purpose of which is tov prevent interferencejbetween the. 5o various buttons.

46 is a magnet which controls the circuit an .accelerating-magnet 50.

8U`is`the accelerating or starting resistance for the motor.

- speed Whic represents an electromagnetic brake, and is what I call the f load-magnet.

65 designates a magnet which controls a circuit through the resistance 90 and extra iield 91, and 16 is a magnet which controls the circuit to the load-magnet70.

92' designates the shunt-eld, 93 the series field ofthe motor, while 94 is its armature.

95 and 96 are armature-brushes.

.97 is a magnet which controls the circuit `feeding the various car and landing push-buttons.

98 is a resistance which may be used, conpredetermined points of the stop the elevator-car level with the various floors or landings regardless of the load which the car may be carryingat the time and the travel.

I will noWgo vinto a more detailed description of m device,.showin the various circuits and ow they act on t e difl'erent'parts to reduce the desired results.y he source of electrical supply is designated by the characters -I- and The current-supply for the 'opcratmg-clrcuits 1s taken from the main by w1re 38. This wire is connected` to the contact 37, against which the contact 36 is* held by the spring 35,

' rovidcd ,the magnet 97 is not energ1zed.

romhere the circuit is led'by wire -34 throu l1 the door-eontacts33,i32 31', and 30 to t e' 'safety push-button 11, located in the-car. desi nates a safety car-magnet, and 45 This safetg-button is-what is known as a closed' c1rcuit button-that is the circuit throu h the button is normally closed 'and isbro en only when the button is operated. From the button ll'the Wire 39 leads to one terminal of the coil 46 of the magnet 45. The other terminal of coil .46 is it mayhavel attained during its VIco connected to one terminalof coil 47 and wire V48. These two coils .46'l and 47 are wound in opposition to eachother, so that when current is traversing both coils at the same time one of them tends to neutralize the effect of the other. The other terminal of 47 is connected to the contact 49., This contact is held normally in contact with 51 by the spring 52, but is arranged to be separated from 1t when the magnet .45 is energized, thus breaking the connecten between contacts 49 and 51. Contact 51 is connected by wire 53 to the movable contact 54. which in the position shown inthe drawing is .in contact with a stationary contact 55. This lattercontact is connected by wire 56 to the' four landing push- buttons 23, 22, 21, and 20. These four buttons are what is known as open-circui buttons. Having traced the circuits so far, it is ap arent that the operating-circuit is open at 51e landing- buttons 23, 22, 21, and 20. In order, therefore, to follow the circuit further, suppose the button 23 be pushed. This puts 24 and 25 into electrical contact and by wire 26 furnishes a path for the current to one terminal of the floor-magnet 40. The other terminal of the magnet leads to the floor-controller 120 by wire 121. This floor-controller 120 comprises a number of contact-strips-such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8*rigidly mountedon a base of insulatin material, such as slate, which may be mec anically connected to some moving part of the elevator machine such .as the .winding-drum shaft. Thus t e insulatingbase, together with the contact-strips mounted thereon, will be revolved as the elevator machinery is in motion. Adjacent to the path of these contact-strips and so arranged as to make contactwith them are fixed con- 128, when the parts are in the position shown by means of the contact-.plate 127. The `contact 128 is connected to one terminal of the magnet-coil 130 by wire 129. The other terminal of this coil is connected t0 the switch 112 and wire 132 by wire 131.Y Following this wire 132 to the right hand of the drawing, it is seen that it is connected to another wire 133 and that this latter wire is connected to the main at the point 134. It

` will thus be seen that b pushing the landingbutton 23 'a' circuit as been established from the positive or main through the double-wound magnet 45, floor-magnet 40, Hoor-controller 120, lreversing-switch. magnet` 130, and to the n tive or main. Current will now fiow t ough the double-wound magnet 45; but as its coils 46 and 47 are wound in opposition, as pointed out before, the magnetic effect vof coll 46 is neutralized to such an extent that the magnet 45 is not suiiiciently energized to attract its armature ca the contact 49 against the action of the spring 52. The magnet-relay 40, however, will now be energized and will attract its contact 57 until it makes contact with the 'core of the ma et-relay 40. As soon as this takes place a circuit is established by wire 48 and resistance 58 and contact 57 to the wire 26, establishin a arallcl circuit to coil 47, weakening sai coil so that the coil 46 will now have sufficient strength to draw the contact 49 awa from the contact 51 and by so doing cut o all current-'supply to the pushbuttons 23, 22, 21, and 20, and thus render them inoperative.

At the same time that the foregoing operations have been taking place the magnet-coil 130 of the reversing-switch, as it is included in the circuit, as before pointed out, has been sufficiently energized to raise its plunger 136, together with the contact-plate 137 and the insulating- plates 138 and 139, which are rigidly mounted thereon. T he insulating- plates 138 and 139 carry contacts 143 and 145 and 147 and 146, respectively, soarranged as to be brought into contact with fixed contacts adjacent their path of travel. When the plunger 136 is raised by the magnet 130, the contacts 143 and 145 are raised out of engagement with the fixed contacts 142 and 144, respectively, while the contacts 147 and 146, which are carried on the insulating-piece 139, will make contact with the iixed contacts directly above them-that is, contact 147 will be brought into electrical contact with the contacts 148 and 149, and the contact- 146 will be raised until it makes contact with the fixed contact 150. At the same time the contact-plate 137, which is also mounted u on but insulated from the plunger 136, wi l be raised, breaking the connectionbetween the two fixed contacts 14() and 141. Thus the coil 160 will be o en-circuited at the contact 140. In a sinn ar manner if the coil 160 raises its plunger it will open the circuit to coil 13() at contact 128. Therefore it will be readily seen that as soon as one of vthe reversing-switch magnets raises its plunger it opens the circuit of the other reversing-switch magnet, thus providing an interlocking device-and making it impossible to have-both magnet-coils 160 and 130 operate at the same time. As soon as either of the plungers 151 or 136 has been raised to its upper position a circuit will be established to the hoisting-motor, which will operate v to raise or lower the car, as the case may be.

Ilo

The magnet-coil having been ener zed ing operated to raise its pluri er 136 vand the contacts carried thereon, as efore ointed out, there will be estabhshed the fo lowing circuit to the motor: .From the main by wire 153 and limit-.switch 113 thecurrent will pass through the blow-out coil 152 to contact 148. The contact 147 having been raised into contact with contacts 148 and 149, a connection is made between the posi-- tive line and the two wires 157 and 155. The

' circuit by wire 155 will be pointed out later.

As the contacts 145 and 144 have been disconnected by the raising of the plunger 136 current will ow by way of contacts 162 an 163 to the Wire 158, wire 159, contact 146 to contact' 150 and by wire 164 to the motor- 'brush 96. At the same time a parallel circuit has been made from wire 158 to brush .waiy of resistance 98 and magnetcoil 97. ractically no current will iow this way, however, as it contains considerable resistance, the current preferring the other other side is connected to the-main by potentia wire '170i willreceive current at the full line The circuit established in wire 1.55 from the main above /referred to leads to the brake-magnet 61, vthrou h this magnet b Wire 156 to the-main. he magnet 61 will thereforebeconnected across the mains and will be energized to lift the plunger 62, which carries the Weighted brakeoe 63, thusleaving the friction-wheel 64, which is mounted on the armature-shaft, free to revolve. The

l hoistin -motorsnow receives current which is and 4shunt ields are'both excited and the limited ythe resistance 80, and as theseries brake-is released the -motor will now start to revolve, and its motion will be transmitted tothe elevator-car.

through the hoisting mechanism'and cables The accelerating-magnet 50 has'one terminal of its exciting-coil connected at 171 to the starting resistance 80 vits other terminal being connectedthrough the contacts 172 and 173 to the -wire 155. It willbe found by tracv ing the circuits that the coil of magnet 50 is in shunt with a circuitcomprising'the motor-ar mature and that portion ofthe resistance between the wire 167 and the point 171,. It might \be well to mentionhere that the small contacts 172,A and 173 are, by virtue of the small spring shown directly above them, nor'.

mally held- `contact with one another -except at such times as they are separated by the ull of the magnet 46, the operation of whic will be explamed later on. -The excitationof the magnet 50, owing to the manner in which its terminals are connected, will be gradual and depending on `the counter electromotive force generated by the motor-armature, and consequently lts speed. The

' various contacts 176, 177, 178, 179, and 180` v are controlled by the magnet' 50 and are so placed with respect to the core ofthe magnet '50 as to operate consecutively.- When the contact 176 is drawn int'o contact with the contact 181, that portion of the speed-controlling resistance 8O between the wire 167 and the contact 176 will be short-circuited. In a similar manner the contacts 177 and 178 o erate to shortcircuit .further portions of t e resistance 80., Contact 179 short-circuits aurther portion of this resistance, together with a art of the lseries field, while 180 connects yt e wire 167 by wire 135 to the or negative-main and by so doin r short-circuits the remainder of the series zfield. By this time the resistance in series with the motorarmature, togctherwith the serios field, has

been short-circuited yand the motor will attain full speed. As soon as the contact 17 6 operated it o enedy a circuit between the contacts 17,4 an 175. The contact 175is a fixed one, while the contact 17 4 is mounted on but insulated from the contact 176 'and will be carried out of enga ement with the contact 175,. The object o this will be shown ur ther on. Ina similar manner when the contact 180 was raised to its upper osition by the magnet 50 it carried the mova le contact 54 out of engagement with the fixed contact ICO 55. As long as these contacts are se arated l it will prevent a circuit being establis ed betweenthe wires 53 and 56, and as 56 is the feed-Wire to the landing- buttons 23, 22, 21, and-20 it will be apparent that any manipulation of the landing-buttons after the motor has attained full s eed will have no effect on the system. WhilJe the action of the magnet IIO 45, as before pointed out, operatedto accomp'lish this same end, the contacts 55 and 54 are added to the system to further insure that l after one landing-button vhas been pushed and the system has gone through its c cle of operation the elevator-car will rocce to its destination without being in t ie meanwhile Y e afected by the possible operation of the land- -buttons 20, l21, 22, and A23. rom the position of the car 1() and oorcontroller 120, as shown on the drawing, the

car is represented as being somewhere between the second and third landings, and

`since we have considered that the button 23 was operated the operation of the., s stem would cause the car to descend. As t e ca r approaches the landing at which the button has been pressed,'the floor-controller 120,

carrying its various`contactstrips, as before pointed out, being geared or otherwisenconnected to the elevator machinery will cause the strip 8 to be moved into engagement with the fixed contact or brush 123. Now the contact-strip 8 is connected by wire to the strip 3, which in turn is in electrical connec and 133 to the main 135 at the point 134..

Thus it will be seen that the magnet 46 is now placed in series with the floor-relay 40, resistance 58, and coil 46 of the magnet 45. The magnet 46 will now operate to separate the contacts 172 and 173. This will at once denergize the coil of magnet 50, allowing its contacts to drop back to their initial position. This o eration will reinsert the resistance 80 an the series field 93 in the armature-circuit. By virture of this the motor, if taking current from the line, Will continue to revolve, but at a reduced speed.

The next operation of the floor-controller' 120 as it slowly revolves is to connect the contact-strip 7 with the fixed contact or brush 183. The Vcontact-strip 7 being connected by wire to contact-strip 4 and by brush 183 to Wire 185, a connection will'thus be established between wire 121 and wire 185. Now 185 is connected to one terminal of the ma et 65, whose other terminal is connected y wires 132 and 133 to the negative main 135. It will thus be seen that the magnets 46 and 65, each having one of their terminals connected to the wire 121 and their other terminals beingboth connected to the negative or main at the oint 134, are in arallel with each other. T emagnet wi be energized and will cause the movable contact 187 to engage the iixed contact 186, which contacts may be normally held out of engagement by a spring 188. As soon as 186 an 187 are in contact a circuit is closedA through the resistance 90 and the extra iield 91 by placln them, as will be seen by an examination o? the drawing, across thev armature-brushes. Owing to an increase in field strength and to the fact that a portion of the current to the motor-armature will be shunted away, the speed of the motor will be further reduced. The next operation of the Hoor-controller will be to connect the brush' motor-armature and will operate to close one 4become separated, and thus` breaki The magnet will,

or more of its contacts, the eifect of which would be to cut out more or less of the resistance and by so doing still further reduce the speed of the motor. The next and nal operation of the floor-controller is reached when the contact-strip 1 runs 0H the contact 122, thus breaking the circuit to the supply-main at the contact 147 and a circuit of comparatively low resistance comprising the resistance 98 and the coil of magnet 97 Willbe completed in series with the armatureterminals. The motor now acti asa generator will send current throu h t 's circuit, which will act as an electro ynamic brake and tend to brin the motor to rest. At same time it wil effect the operation of the relay comprising the magnet 97 and contacts 36 37 by causing said contacts 36 and 37 Ito t e supply to the operating-circuits throug the wires 38 and 34 and preventing any current vflowing to the operating-circuits until the motor has slowed down suciently to cause lthe current in magnet97 to decrease until it allows the contacts 37 and 36 to come together again. The circuit to the floor-relay 40 having been broken, it will be denergizled and release the contact 57. The magnetcoil 46 will be denergized and return the contact 49 to its original position, and the circuits to the magnets'46, 65, 16, and ,70 will also be broken, allowing them to return to their initial position ready for the next operation.

In reviewing the operation of slowing down Ibefore the final stop it will be seen that the rst operation was to replace the speed-.controlling resistance and series veld in the armature-circuit. This may cause one of two .things to take place: First, if thefmotoris taking current yfrom the line it will cause a vslight reduction of speed, owing to a strengthening of the motor-field anda reduction of current in the armature; secondif the motor 1is being driven by the load asa generator by placing therseries field and resistance ,80 in circuit it will tend to-increase the speed of the motor as the magnetic iield of the motor will be weakened'andthe armature-current reduced by the opposingleffect of ,the series Winding. Almost immediatel after this operation and before the motor as an oppertunity to change ,its speed to any extent a tresistance, together `Wtlil extra field, 1s

. thrcmersssthe @atorieriilure- Thiwll 35 cle of operations when accelerating and slowfurther retard the rotation-of the armature.

' The next step is to further increase the ield `strength b cutting out more or less of thel re sistance w lich is in series with the extra field. :Since the magnet controlling the cutting out of this resistance is placed dlrectly across thearmature-terminals, its action will depend l 4upon the potential across the armature, and since this potential is governed by the speed yof the motor the magnet will cut out more or less of this resistance and -by so doing revulate the amount by which the motor Spee( is reduced in accordance with the load. Thus it' Will be seen that there is a means for regulatingthe speed of the motor according to the load. The finalstep in stopping is to throw 1a circuit of comparatively -low resistance across the armaturebrushes,so.as to utilize the dynamic action of theniotor in still further slowing it do'wn and at the same time to 1pply the brake and cut off all current from e operating and motor circuits and bring,

- the'elevator-car to rest. .v

If instead. of'pushing the button 23 one of the other landing-buttons, suchas 22,v had been pushed, the operation would 'be similar to that which hasjust been pointedo ut, but would '.take lace gat" another landing. If,

however, the. uttonh'a'd :been pushed, .the 3Q reversing-switch 100 wouldhave been energized andl 'the motor would runin a reverse irection','causing the" car' to travel upward.

In this case the dro'oricontroller would revolve in an opposite direction to that which it did 1n the operation before described; but the cytablished b -wires 34'3 9,coil 46 ofthe magnet ,and ywire 48, through the coil of magnet 44, and b wire 27, contacts 174 and 175, wire28, to t e left-hand side of car-button 15. Since the 'button 15 has been pressed,

current will flow by wire 26 to the relay 40.. f The remainder of this circuit has already been pointed out. The vcore of magnet 44 willjbe excited to operate the contact 29. This `Willplace the ma net 44 and coil 46 of the magnet 45, toget er with a comparacan be normally opened is either at the closed tively h1 h resistance 71 across the supplymains.- he only points at which the circuit circuit-button 11 or at one of the door- contacts 30, 31,32, or 33. Thus after the car has been brought to a full stop by the automatic operation of the floorfcontroller' 120 the circuit throu h'ithis safety-magnet 46 will be maintains and vthis will prevent the operation of theJandin -buttons before described until the lan ing-door has been opened and closed again, thusrestoring the ing it, bring the car to a stop at once, regardless of its position in'the hatchway. In a similar manner' the limit-switches 11() and 112 may bring the car to rest should they be caused to operate by the car runnin to the ends of its travel. The limit-switc es 111 and 113 by opening the main line would also bring the carto rest. Theymay be set to be operated by the car if it runs beyond the desired limits of its` travel;

While automatic push-button electric elevators have been inuse for some time for light duty service,'it has. .been found difiicult to adapt them to both light and heavy duties,

owing to the fact that if the floor-controller 'but by using a system such as I have just described the braking effect is' proportional to the load, the system operating to bring the elevator-car to restautomatically, regardless of its load and speed, exactly at the desired landing without jar or shock.

The disclosure of my l' invention herein made is that of the referred embodiment thereof. I do not desire to be limited to the precise construction of .details set forth in said disclosure, as the same' may be varied in many particulars without departing from the spirit'of my invention.

. What I claim, and desire to secure by'Letters Patent., isp Y 1. The combination with a motor, car and stations, of motor-controllin means coni nected to reduce the speed of t e same before stopping at the limits of travel of said car and at any intermediate point and to vary such re.- duction of speed in accordance with the load, whether descending or ascending.

2. The combination'with a motor, car and stations, of automatic -rnotorcontrolling means connectedV to reduce the speed ofthe sa'me before stopping at the limits of travel` of'said car and at any intermediate point and to vary such reduction of speed in accordcendin IOO IIC

3. The combination a motor, car and A' stations, of motor-'controlling device connected to the kcar and stations, and means for automatically stopping the car at any predetermined point intermediate the u per and lower limits of\travel regardless o the load, direction of travel or speed of said car.

4. The combination with a motor, of a car 1 o ance with the load whether descending or asand a plin'ality of controlling-stations, of motor-con means connected to reduce the of said motor before stopping at any i v -level and to vary such reduction of speedb anamountproportionatetothe load.'`

5. combination with a motor, of a car and a of controlling-stations, of automatie motor-contro means connected to reduce the speed of motor before stopat anyoor-level and to vary such reuetion of speed by an amount proportionat@ .t the load.

6. The combination with a motor, of a car and a' plurality of controlling-stations, of motor-con ing at any i l -level and toA automati y vary auch reduction of. speed by an amount proportionate to the load.

7. The combination with a motor, car and a station, of means for excluding control of said car after started from said station,

and means for automatically stopping said ear ually regardless of its load or the skill of t e operator, at any desired floor-level.

8. The combination with a motor, car and.

a station of means for excluding control of said car after being started from said station,

and means for automatically stopping said car ually regardless of its load or the skill of e o rator or direction of travel at` any Voft eo dered oor-level.

9. The combination with a motor, car and a station of means for excluding control of said car after being started from said station, and VVmeans for automatically stopping said car ually regardless of its load or the skill rator, direction of travel or speed.

10. T e combination of a car and motor, with push-buttons, one at each Hoor or station, means for controlling said motor from one of said push-buttons to the exclusion of the others, and .means for automatically re-l ducing the speed of said motor before stopping and to vary such reduction of speed in accordance with the load. l

11. The combination of arcar and motor, with switches at a plurality of floors or stations, means for controlling said motorrom any one of said stations to the exclusion of i the other stations, and automatic means for 'gvariousftloors or landings, switoliesv on the i means connected to reducey the nu osaid motor beforesto ltor, with motor-con car, electrical motor-controlling means for reventing subsequent control of the motor m a floor or station after it has been operated from the car, and means for ually stopping the car at a 'predete point by automatically changing the speed and va iing such change of speed in proportion to t l. The combination of a car and its motor, with circuits and connections for an automatic ush-button-controlled elevator tem, an means for automatically sto ping the car at the same point with v 15. The combination of a car and its motor, with motor-,controlling means for autospeedinac- 'cordance with the load w ther ascending or deseen and stopping said'car at an redeteriiii point in its travel. i y P 17. In an elevator system, the combination with a car and its moto', of motor-controlling means -for automa ically stopping said car at any predetermined point in the travel of said car regardless of the load, direction of travel or speed or the skill of the operator. i

18. The combination with a car and its motor, of automatic motor-centrolli means for gradually stopping the car at the 'ts of its travel or at anyintermediate point iegardless of its load whether ascending or deseen or 19. combination with a car and its motor, of motor-controlling means for automatically reduc' the speed of said motor in pro 4rtiontothe oadandstop ingthesame at t limits of the travel of said car or at an intermediate" intwhetherthecarisasce ing or deseen 20. The combination of a car and its motor, with automatic motor-contro means connected to reduce'the speed of sai motor at any predetermined point in the traverse of said car, and automatic means operating with said motor-controlling means for pro rtioning such reduction of speed to t load whether the car is ascending or d.

21. The combination of a car and its motor, with motor-contro means connected toreducethe ofsai Jmotoratanjypl'edetermined point in the traverse of saidcar, and automatic means with said motor-controlliii for such reductionl speedto the load whether the is 0l' i 22. The comb n its momeans-co to automatically reduce the speed ofsaidinomeans for automaticallyl-reducing the l suc IIO

.tan

tor and thus graduallystoppiiig the same at I with said motor-controlling means for varying such reduction of speed by an amount. proportional to tlieload Whether the car is ascendin or descending.

variable resistance in series and in shunt with thearmatureat the limits ofthe traverseof said car or yat any intermediate point, and means for var lcor ance with the speed of the motor.

g said resistance automatically iii ac- 24. In an elevator system, the combination with a car and its motor, of motor-com trolling means connected to change the speed ofthe motor at the limits of traverse of said car or at any predetermined intermediate point, and means operating in con'unction with said motor-controlling means or regufor reducin the speed' of said car at the limits lating said reduction of speed in accordance with the potentialdeveloped by the armature after the initial change of speed at a pre` determined point.

25.- The combination with the car and its motor, of motor-controlling means connected to change the speed ofthe motor at the limits of traverse of said car or atl any intermediate point, and means operating in con'unction with said motor-controlling means or regulating' said change of speed in accordance )with the load whether ascending or descending.

-v 26. In an elevator system, thecombination with the car and its motor, of motorcontrolling means connected to be governed by the load whether. ascending or descending of its trave and at any predetermined intermediate point.

. 27 The combination with the motor and car, of means connected tothe motor and a station fory starting the motor in either direction, and controlling means connected to operate automatically to reduce the speed of Y the motor in proportion to the load whether ascendin -or descending at the limits of the travel o said car or at any predetermined. point between said limits.

28. In av hoist, the 'combination with the cage and its motor, of motn-controlling means connected to autom aticallyreduee the speed Iof the cage at the ends of'its vtravel or at any predetermined intermediate point and to vary 'such reduction of speed in roportion to the loadwhether ascending or ascending.

29. In an 'electr ic elevator system, the combihnation with an electiic motor, ofacar niechanically connected to the same, means lconnected to start and stop said motor from landing, and motor-conti ollngl connected to automatically reduce t means e speed of said motor before stopping at the limits of travel of said car or'at any predetermined connected to control the starting, stopping he combination with the car and itsv motor, of means for introduc' Y' of the motor 4before stoppin constructed and arranged thatv at a intermediate point and to vary such reduc'- tion of speed by an amount determined by the load.` o

30.In a push-button elevator system, the combination of a car and its motor, means and reversing of said motor from any lan ing -or from thecar and motor-controlling. means connected to automatically reduce the speed and to proportion such reduction of spee determined by the load.

'31 In an ,elevator system, the combination with a car-'and its motor, of motor-controlling means connected to reduce the speed vof the motor at the limits of travel of the car or at any predetermined intermediate point by an amount in the traverse of the car and to vary such reduction of speed inversely to the load Whether ascending or descending. 32. The combination with a car, of an elecltric motor for operating same, electric cirjcuits and connections of an automatic push-button-controlled elevator system, meansoperating in conjunction therewith for automat.

ically stopping said car substantially levell with any predetermined floor without shock orjar regardless of the load Whether ascendin or descending, direction of travel or speed o the said car.

- 33. 'In a push-button-.controlled elevator system, the combination ofra car andits moI tor, With electrical circuits and connections for operating same, a Hoor-controller, a resistance for the armature, anelectromagnet roo for gradually cutting said resistance out of circuit with said armature, normally closed f contacts in series with said electroma net, a magnet adjacent said contacts and 'e ectrically connected to said iioor-controller, alldso r6 6- termined point said floor-controller Wi close the circuit to the magnet last mentioned thus breaking the circuit through theAirst-mentioned magnet.

34. In apparatus for controlling elevators, the combination of 4a car,A motor and stations, With circuits and connections of an automatic push-button-controlled system, elec-` tromagnetic means for gradually short-cir- 'log cuiting resistance and a series field from in .circuit with .the armature of the motor, contacts ad'acent said means adapted to be opened t ereby just before the said field is entirely short-circuited thus breaking the circuit to the floor push-buttons.l

35. In an electric elevator system., the combination of a car and motor, with circuits and connections of an automatic-pushbuttoncontrolled system, resistance in seriesjwith the amature, electromagnetm means for short-circuiting said resistance, contacts adjacent said means and electrically connected to push-buttons iii the said car, all so constructed and arrangedthat at a time just bethe said contacts are separated, thus breakcuit, electromagnetic means for short-circuit- Y resistance, means o circuit therewith for gradually sto ping in a normally open circuit for varying said ret e armature, a floor-controller, means elecvand variable resistance in series with each fore any ofsaid resistance is short-circuited I mg the circuit to said push-buttons on the car.

36. Ina motor-controlling apparatus, the combination with a motor, o a normally o n valiable-resistance circuit in shunt to trically connected with said floor-controller for closing said normally'open circuit, and means for closing a circuit to said Hoor-controller. p

- 37. In a motor-controlling a paratus, the combination with a. motor, o a normally o ln vaziable-resistance cil cuit in shunt to t e armature, a magnet for closing said cirmg said resistance, said means being in a. normally open shunt-circuit to the armature, and means for closing said last-mentioned circuit. Y

38. In a motor-controlling apparatus, the combinationl with a motor, of an extrafield other but in shunt tothe armature, the circuit of said field and resistance being normally open, electromagnetic means for shortcircuiting said resistance, said means being in a normally o n circuit, magnets for closing said norm y open circuits, a floor-controller electricall connected to said magnets at predeterm' points in its o ration, and means for closing the -main clrcuit to said Boor-controller.

39. In a pushfbutton elevator system, the combination with a car and its motor, of means comprising a Hoor-controller for gainexclusive control of said car, an extra and variable resistance, means connected with said controller for throwing said ield and resistance in shunt to the armature, electromagnetic means for short-circuiting said ated from the controller after the ed and resistance have been thrown in shunt to the amature for throwingsaid electrom etic meansinshunt to the armature-termin 40. In a push-button elevator system, the combination with a car and its motor, of means including a door-controller for gaining exclusive control of said car, means comprising an extra iield and variable resistance sai motor, electroni 'c means ectrlc'aliy connected with said controller for throwing said field in shunt with the armature, means sistance in accordance with the s of the armature, and means connected wlth the controller for cl the last-mentioned circuit. 41. In a pus utton elevator system, the combination with a car and its motor, of means comprising aoor-controller for gaining exclusive control of said car, means for maas 'operating-circuit'therefor, a relay, and automatic means for operating said relay u n intcrruption of the main-libe circuit to t v-motor to e'ect an opening o f said operating-circuit.

43. In a push-button elevator system, the combination of a car, with an electric motor to operate same, circuits and connections for gaining exclusive control of said car an electromagnet and resistance, means for automatically placingv said electromagnet in series with said armature and energizing said electromagnet, a main line for mpplying current to said motor, a circuit in unt to said motor, normally closed contactsin said shuntcircuit and adjacent said electrom w all so constructed and arrangedthat said contacts are separated to break said shuntcircuit all the push-button-eontrolling circuits and connections are restored to normal.

44.- In a push-button elevator, the combination with .an electric motor, a car opaated tha-eby, circuits and connections for gaining exclusive control of said car, a magnet, a re.- sistance, means for pl said magnet and resistance in series with the armature, a line for supplying current to the motor, a cir-- cuit in shunt to the motor, means in said :o5 shunt-circuit ada ted to be operated u by said magnet w en suflciently energi to restore the circuits and connections of the push-button system to normal.

45. In a push-button elevator the combination with an electric motor, a car erated thereby, circuits and connections gaining exclusive control of `said car, a magnet `means for placing said t in series wi the armature, a main line or supplying current to the motor, a circuit in shunt thereto, means in said shunt-circuit ad ted to be operated upon by said et w n suiclently to restore the circuits and connections of the push-button system to normal. t

In witness whereof I have hereunto u my name in the presence of two subscr1` CnaaRlnnes, Faux T. Bnows.

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