US819959A - Weighing-scale. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAY 8, 1906.

N. E. TYRRELL. WBIGHING-SOALB.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.19. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

4%, attou wg PATENTED MAY 8,- 1906 N. E. TYRRELL. WEIGHING SCALE- APPLICATION TILED DEG.19, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

UNITED PATENT OFFICE.

NATHAN E. TYRE-ELL, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANDARD SCALE AND FOUNDRY COMPANY, OF KANSAS CITY, MIS- SOURI, A OQRPORATION OF MISSOURI.

WElGHlNG-SCALE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 8, 1906.

Application filed December 19, 1905. Serial No. 292,404.

To (LZZ whmn it mic/y concern:

Be it known that I, NATHAN E. TYRRELL, a citizen=of the United States, residing at Kansas City, in the county of Jackson and State of Missouri, have invented new and useful Improvements in Weighing-Scales, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in weighing-scales One of the objects of my invention is to provide a pitless wagon-scale with means for protecting the bearings from the action of the elements.

Another object of my invention is to provide guards or shields covering the more exposed bearings, the guards being carried by the platform, whereby the oscillation of the platform will break away ice or frozen dirt from the bearings protected by the guards.

A further feature of my invention is to provide a weighing-scale with rock-shafts supporting the platform, the rock-shafts having arms pivotally supported upon the scaleframe and guards covering said arms and provided with means for deflecting water, snow, dirt, or ice transversely relative to said arms, whereby the said material will fall clear of the bearings supportin the arms.

Myinvention provides, furt er, a weighing-scale having end beams, rock-shafts having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, bearings on the end beams supporting'the outwardly-extending arms, and supporting means mounted on the inwardly-extending arms of the rock-shafts and adjustable lengthwise upon and supporting the platform, whereby the platform may be properly positioned relative to the end beams and rockshafts.

My invention provides, further, bearingplates adjustable lengthwise of the end beams,

so as to permit their ready and correct positioning so as to receive thereon the outwardlyextending arms of the rock-shafts.

My invention further provides a novel construction of frame comprising end beams and side bars, the side bars being mounted wholly between the end beams in sockets provided on the beams therefor, the side bars having a bearing against the end beams, thus effecting a compact strong frame which will readily support the inward pressure of the earth piled against the outer sides of the end beams.

My invention provides, further, a novel means, for supporting the cross-lever upon the platform in a manner such that the crosslever will not be swung laterally by the oscillation lengthwise of the platform.

My invention provides, further, a support for the cross-lever adjustable lengthwise upon the platform, by means of which the support may be properly positioned for supporting the cross-lever without the necessity of close measurement in assembling the parts in operative position.

My invention provides, further, knife-edge bearings for supporting the platform and the outwardly-extending arms of the rock-shafts, said knife-edges being embedded their full length in the arms of the rock-shafts, thus avoiding the breaking of the knife-edges in cold weather in the event that strain is applied unequally along the length of the knifeedges.

Other novel features of my invention are hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, Figure 1 is a plan view of the scale-frame, the rock-shafts and parts connected therewith, a portion of the crosslever, and the I-beams which support the platform. Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken on the dotted line a b of Fig. 1. section taken on the dotted line 0 d of Fig. 1, some of the parts being shown in side elevation and the hanger shown being partly broken away to disclose the knife-edge hearing. Fig. 4 is a cross-section takenon the dotted line cf of Fig. 5, the cross-lever and some of the parts being shown in elevation, the loop being partly in elevation and partly in vertical section. Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken on the dotted line 9 h of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a cross-section taken on the dotted line 4 j of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view on the dotted line is Z of.Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is an end elevation view of a portion of the platform, showing one of the bearingguards mounted on the platform. Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view taken on the dotted line m n of Fig. 3. Fi 10 is a vertical sectional view taken on t e dotted line 0 p of Fig. 1. Fig. 11'is an elevation view of one of the rock-shaft knife-edges, a portion of the arm carrying it, and a portion of the bearingplate supporting it. Fig. 12 is a vertical sec- Fig. 3 is a crossarms 11 relative to the knife-edges 10.

tional view taken on the dotted line q r of Fig. 3. Fig. 13 is a vertical sectional View taken on the'dotted line 3 t of Fig. 3.

Similar characters of reference similar parts.

The scaleplatform comprises the horizontal end beams 1 and the longitudinal side bars 2. The end beams are preferably of channel form, of rolled steel or iron, commonly called commercially rolled. The flanges of the end beams project inwardly, the lower flanges supporting the beams. The side bars 2 are preferably horizontal longitudinal tubes having their ends mounted' in socket-pieces 3, secured to the inner sides and adjacent the ends, respectively, of the beams 1. The socket-pieces 3 are preferably malleable castings or forgings, having socketholes to receive the pipes 2, which holes are closed at the ends adjacent the beams 1 by said beams. Said socket-pieces are provided each with laterally-extending ears 1, having transverse holes in which are mounted bolts 5, which extend through the beams 1 and have mounted upon their outer ends the nuts 6, which clamp the socketpieces to the beams. Each socket-piece is provided with a set-screw 7, by means of which the tubes 2 are retained within the socket-pieces.

8 denotes two horizontal rock-shafts disposed parallel with and between the beams 1, one rockshaft adjacent each beam. The rock-shafts 8 are provided with outwardlyextending arms 9, which are pivotally supported, preferably in the manner ,to be described, upon the end beams 1. In the under side of each arm 9 is mounted a transverse knife-edge 10, which is embedded its full length in the arm 9 and the sharpened edge of which is supported upon the upper side of an inwardly-extending arm or hook 11, provided on the inner side of a vertical bearingplate 12, secured upon the inner side of the beam 1. Each rock-shaft 8 is provided with two arms 9, and each beam 1 has secured to it two bearing-plates 12. Each bearing-plate 12 is provided with one or more horizontal slots 13, in which are mounted the bolts 14, which extend through holes provided for them in beams 1 and which have mounted upon their outer ends the nuts 15, (shown in Figs. 2 and 3,) which serve to clamp the plates 12 to the beams 1. The slots 13 permit the longitudinal adjustment of the plates 12 upon the beams 1, thus affording means for properly positioning the bearing hooks or The denote knife-edges 10 are preferably provided each on its under side with a notch, in which is disposed a projection 16, (shown in Fig. 9 and also in Fig. 2,) which serves to retain the knife-edge in its proper position upon the arm 11.

. horizontal transverse planks 20.

17 denotes a steel facing, preferably provided in the upper surface of the arm 11. If the bearing-arm 11 is properly chilled, the steel facing may be omitted. By embedding the knife-edge 10 its full length in the arm 9 the knife-edge cannot be broken in extremely cold weather by pressure applied unequally along its length. Each rock-arm 8 is provided with two inwardly-extending arms 18, which support in the manner to be described the scale-platform comprising the longitudi nal I-beams 19, on which are mounted the Secured to the under side and at each end of each I- beam 19 is a plate 21, which is provided with four vertical longitudinal slots 22, in which are respectively mounted four bolts 23, which extend through holes provided therefor in the lower flange of the I-beam 19 and which have mounted upon their lower screw-threaded ends the nuts 24, respectively, which bear against the under side of the plate 21. Upon the upper side of each arm 18 is mounted a knife-edge 25, which is embedded its full length in the said arm and the upper side of which is sharpened, the sharpened edge being disposed transversely relative to the arm 18. The sharpened edge of each knife-edge 25 bears upon the under side of a hanger 26, which swings upon said knife-edge and is provided, as shown in Fig.

12, with a projection 27, disposed in a notch provided in the upper side of each knife-edge 25. The projection 27 prevents movement transversely of the hanger 26 upon the arm 18, supporting it.

28 denotes a steel facing embedded in the hanger 26 and against which the knife-edge 25 bears. The outer ends of the plates 21 rest, respectively, within and upon the hang ers 26, each of which is provided with a horizontal flange 29, fitted in a corresponding recess in the lower side of the adjacent plate 21. The longitudinal slots 22 permit lengthwise adjustment of the plates 21 upon the platform, beams 19 thus permitting the proper positioning of the platform relative to the end beamsl and the rock-shafts 8. Mounted upon the platform, two at each end thereof, are the guards or shields 80. These guards 30 are secured, respectively, to the end planks 20 and project beneath the upper flanges of the end beams 1. A guard 30 is placed over each arm 9 of the rock-shafts and is provided with gable sides 80, which diverge toward and extend beyond the ends of the bearing hooks or arms 11. Thus any dirt, snow, water, ice, or other material falling between theplatform and the end beams 1 and above the arms 9 will be deflected by the gable sides 30 laterally relative to the said arms and will pass downward without falling upon the bearings. By mounting the guards 30 upon the platform if'any icicles or frozen dirt should accumulate between the beams 1 and theguards 30 the oscillation of the platform would break up and pulverize such frozen material and permit it to" fall past the bearings to the ground below.

The weight of theplatform of the scale and the rock-shafts 8 being upon the bearingplates 12, which are secured to the inner sides of the'end beams 1, such weight and the pressure of earth piled against the outer sides of the end beams 1 will tend to force or tilt the end beams inwardly. By having the tubular side bars 2 bearing .at their ends against the beams, 1, respectively, and being located wholly between said beams great strength of structure is attainedfor resisting any inward movement upon the part of the end beams 1. Inmost cases the end beams 1 are provided with holes through which the tubular side bars 2eXtend', the" ends of the tubes being threaded and nuts mounted thereon upon opposite sides of the end beams. Such a construction is not a desirable one, first, owing to the cost of threading the tubes, and, secon'dly, for the reason that the threading of the tubes weakens the side bars. By mounting the side bars 2 in the socket-pieces3, se-

cured to the inner sides of the beams, a more eflicient, cheaper, and more durable frame 1s obtained.

31 denotes the cross-lever having mounted therein a transverse pivot-pin32, the ends of which project from opposite sides of the cross-lever, said projecting ends supporting,

respectively,two hangers 33,whichin turn support, respectively, the inner ends of two inwardly-extending levers '34; secured, respectively, at their outer ends upon corresponding ends of the'rock-shafts 8. To the rear of the pivot-pin 32 in the cross-lever 31 and intermediate the hangers 33'and the adjacent beam 19 is secured a transverse pivotpin 35, the ends of which project upon opposite sides of the cross-lever and are mounted,

respectively, in the'two transverse holes 36,

the loop 37 which is mounted upon a stirrup 38, the horizontal ends of which are supported in recesses 39, provided in the upper side of a bracket 40, secured to the outer side of the adjacent beam 19. The bracket 40 is provided in its vertical ortion with a horizontal slot 41, through which extends a transverse horizontal bolt 42, mounted in a hole provided therefor in the beam 19 and having upon its rear end anut 43, which bears against that side of the beam 19 opposite the bracket 40. By reason of the bolt 42 being mounted in a slot 41 in the bracket the bracket 40 may be adjusted lengthwise of the platform, so that the said bracket may be positioned properly relative to the crosslever 31. The stirrup 38 is disposed transversely relative to the beam 19, thus permitting the said beam and the platform to oscillate endwise without laterally tipping the cross-lever 31. By hanging the loop 37 upon the stirrup 38, so that the loop may swing transversely relative to the beam 19, any lateral oscillation of the platform will not have a disturbing effect upon the cross-lever 31;

The platform, rock-lever 8, hangers 26, and all other parts of the scale are disposed above a horizontal plane corresponding to the under sides of the lower flanges of the end beams 1. Such a disposition of; the parts permits the setting up of the scale in opera.- tive position without the digging of a .pit to receive any of the working parts. up the scale in the position where it is to be used it is necessary only that the ground selected shall be level or at least shall have no elevations which will comeincontact with the working parts. After the beams 1 have been leveled earth may be packed against their outer sides to form inclines upon which the wagdns may pass in going upon and passing from the scale-platform. I I

Various modifications ofmy invention may be made without departing from its spirit.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a weighing scale, the combination with end beams of' channel form having, in wardly-extending flanges, of socket-pieces bolted between the-flanges to the inner sides. of the channel end beams, ands-tubular side. bars having their ends inserted respectively in the socket-pieces of opposite end beams.

2. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beams-of channel for-m having inwardly-extending:flanges, of socket-pieces having laterally extending ears bolted between the flanges to theinner sides of said end beams, tubularv side bars having their ends inserted respectively" in the socket:

pieces .of opposite end beams, and means for holding said tubular side bars in said socket- ;pieces. provided, respectively, in the lower ends of i 3. In a weighing-scale, the combination :with end beams of channel form having inwardly-extending flanges, of socketepieces bolted between the flanges tothe inner sides of the end beams, tubular side bars inserted at their ends in the-socket-pieces on opposite end beams, bearings mounted upon the inner sides of the channel end beams, the, platform located between the end beams, swinging hangers supporting the platform, and means for supporting the hangers upon the said bearings.

4. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beams, of the platform mounted between the end beams, supporting means on which the platform may oscillate toward and from the end beams, bearings mounted on said end beams and supporting said supporting means, and guards carried by the platform and covering respectively said bearings.

5. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beams, of the rock-shafts having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, means for supporting the platform upon said inwardly-extending arms, bearings carried by the end beams and supporting said outwardly-extending arms respectively, and guards carried by the platform'and covering respectively said bearings.

6. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beams, of the rock-shafts having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, hangers supported upon said inwardly-extending arms, the platform, means for sup porting the platform upon said hangers so that the platform may oscillate between said end beams, bearings carried by the end beams and supporting respectively said outwardly-extending arms, and guards carried by the platform and covering respectively said bearings.

'7. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beams of channel form having the flanges extending inwardly and the beams being supported upon the lower flanges, of the rock-shafts having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, the platform, means for supporting the platform upon said inwardly-extending arms, bearing-plates mounted upon the inner sides of said end beams and having bearings supporting respectively said outwardly-extending arms, and guards carried by the platform and extending under said upper flanges of the end beams and covering said outer arms and bearings respectively.

8. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the platform, supporting means on which the platform may oscillate toward and from the end beam, bearing means mounted upon said end beam and supporting said platform-su porting means, and a guard carried by the p atform and covering said bearing means.

9. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam of channel form having the flanges projecting inwardly and the beam being supported by the lower flange, of the platform, supporting means on which the platform may oscillate toward and from the end beam, bearing means carried on the inner side of the end beam below the upper flange and supporting said supporting means, and a guard carried by the platform, extending under the upper flange of the end beam and covering said bearin means.

10. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, the platform supported by said inward ly-extending arms, bearing means carried by said end beam and supporting said outwardly-extending arms, and guards carried by the platform and covering respectively said bearing means.

11. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the "end beam, of the rock-shaft having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, the platform, hangers carried by said inwardlyextending arms, means for supporting the platform upon said hangers, bearing means carried by the end beam and upon which the outwardly-extending arms are supported, and guards carried by the platform and covering respectively said bearing means.

12. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, the platform, means for supporting the platform upon the inwardly-extending arms, bearing means carried by the end beam and supporting the outwardly extending arms, and guards carried by the platform and respectively covering said outwardly-extending arms and said bearing means and having sloping sides diverging toward and extending beyond the ends of the bearing means respectively.

13. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, the platform, means for supporting the platform upon said inwardly-extending arms, bearing means carried by the end beam and supporting the outwardly-extending arms respectively, and guards carried by the platform and disposed above and having sloping sides diverging toward and extending beyond the ends of the bearing means and transversely across said outwardly-extending arms respectively.

14. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beams, of the rock-shafts having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, the platform, means for supporting the plat form upon the inwardly-extendin arms, bearing means carried upon the end beams respectively and supporting respectively the outwardly-extending arms, and gable-shaped pieces carried by the platform and disposed respectively above the outwardly-extending arms and having their sloping sides extending respectively transversely across the outwardly-extending arms and beyond the ends respectively of the bearing means.

15. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the platform, the rockshaft having an inwardly and an outwardly extending arm, means adjustable toward and from the end beam for supporting the platform upon the inwardly-extending arm,

bearing means carried by the end beam and supporting the outwardly-extending arm and guards carried by the platform and covering said bearing means.

16. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having the inwardly and the outwardly extending arms, a hanger supported by the inwardlyextending arm, means adjustable toward and from the end beam for supporting the platform upon the hanger, bearing means carried by the end beam supporting the outwardly extending arm and guards carried by the plat form and covering said bearing means.

17. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having an inwardly and an outwardly extending arm, the platform having the longitudinal supporting-beam, a hanger supported by the inwardly-extending arm, a plate secured to and adjustable lengthwise of the supporting platform-beam and supported by the hanger,

, bearing means carried by the end beam and supporting the outwardly-extending arm and guards carried by the platform and covering said bearing means. I

18. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having the inwardly and the outwardly extending arms, the platform having the longitudinal Ibeam, a hanger supported on the inwardlyextending arm, a plate secured to the under side of the I-beam and having lateral flanges extendin upwardly at opposite edges of the flanges o 'the I-beam and supported upon said hanger, and bearing means carried by the end beam and supporting the outwardly extending arm.

19. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having an inwardly and an outwardly extending arm, the platform having the supporting I- beam, a hanger supported on the inwardlyextending arm, a plate secured to and longitudinally adjustable upon the lower side of the I-beam and supported by the hanger, the plate having upwardly-extending flanges embracing. opposite edges of the I-beam, and bearing means supporting the outwardly-extending arm.

20. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having an inwardly and an outwardly extending arm, the outwardly-extending arm having a knife edge embedded its full length in the under side of the outwardly-extending arm, a bearing-plate secured to the end beam and supporting said knife-edge, the platform, a guard carried by the platform and covering said knife-edge, a hanger supported upon the inwardly-extending arm, and means for supporting the platform from the hanger.

21. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having an inwardly and an outwardly extending arm, the inwardly-extending arm having a knife-edge embedded its full length in the up per side of said arm, a hanger mounted on said knife-edge, the platform, means for supporting the platform upon said hanger, bearing means carried by the end beam and supporting the outwardly-extending arm and a guard carried by the platform and covering said bearing means.

22. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having the inwardly and outwardly extending arm, the outwardly-extending arm having a knifeedge embedded its full length in the under side of said arm, a bearing-plate carried by said end beam and supporting said knifeedge, the platform, a guard carried by the platform and covering said knife-edge and means for supporting the platform upon the inwardly-extending arm.

23. In a weighingscale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having the inwardly-extending and the outwardlyextending arms, the outwardlyextending arm having a knife-edge embedded its full length in the under side of said arm, said knifeedge having a transverse notch in its under side, the bearing-plate secured to the end beam and supporting said knife-edge and having a projection disposed in said notch, the platform, a guard carried by the platform and covering said knife-edge and means for supporting the platform upon the inwardly-extending arm.

24. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam, of the rock-shaft having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, two knife-edges, one embedded its full length in the under side of the outwardly-extending arm, the other embedded its full length in the upper side of the inwardly-extending arm,-a hanger supported upon the knife-edge carried by the inwardly-extending arm, the platform, a guard carried by the platform and covering the knife-edge on the outwardlyextending arm, means for supporting the platform upon the hanger, and a bearingplate carried by the end beam and supporting the knife-edge on the outwardly-extending arm.

25. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beam having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, the outwardly-extending arms having knife-edges embedded respectively their full lengths in the under sides of the outwardly-extending arms, said knife-edges each having a notch on its under side, bearing-plates supporting respectively said knife-edges and having respectively projections disposed in said notches, said bearing-plates being secured to and adjustable lengthwise of the end beam hangers swinging from the inwardly-extending'arms, the platform and means for supporting the platform upon said hangers.

26. In a pitless, protected-bearing, weighing-scale, the combination with the end beams of channel form, having inwardly-extending flanges and the beams being supported upon the lower flanges and having sockets on their inner sides adjacent their ends, said sockets being closed adjacent the end beams, of side bars inserted in said sockets, the platform having longitudinal I- beams, the rock-shafts having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, means for supporting said platform I-beams upon said inwardly extending arms, bearing plates mounted upon the inner sides of said end beams and supporting respectively said outward-extending arms, and guards carried by the platform and covering respectively said outwardly-extending arms and the bearing portions of said bearing-plates, all of the parts being located above the plane of the lower sides of the end beams.

27. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the platform, of the cross-lever, a stirrup, a stirrup-support carried by the platform and upon which the stirrup is mounted so as to swing transversely relative to the cross-lever, and a loop pivotally supporting the rear end of the cross-lever and supported by the stirrup so as to swing thereon transversely relative to the platform.

28. In a weighingscale, the combination with the platform, of the cross-lever, a stir rup, a stirrup-support adjustable longitudinally on the platform and. upon which the stirrup is mounted so as to swing transversely relative to the cross-lever, and a loop pivotally supporting the rear end of the cross-lever and supported by the stirrup so as to swing thereon transverselyrelative to the platform.

29. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the platform having the longitudinal supporting-beam, of the cross-lever, a stirrup, a bracket mounted on the said beam and upon which the stirrup is mounted so as to swing transversely relative to the cross-lever, and a loop pivotally supporting the rear end of the cross-lever and supported by the stirrup so as to swing transversely relative to the said beam.

30. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the platform having the longitudinal supporting-beam, of the cross1ever,a stirrup, a bracket mounted and adjustable lengthwise upon said beam and upon which the stirrup, is mounted so as to swing transversely relative to the cross-lever, and a loop pivotally supporting the cross-lever and supported by the stirrup so as to swing transversely relative to the beam.

31. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beams, of the rock-shafts having inwardly and outwardly extending arms, means for supporting the outwardly-extending arms upon said beams respectively, the

platform, means for pivotally supporting the platform upon said inwardly-extending arms, the inwardly-extending levers mounted re spectively upon said rock-shafts, the crosslever, hangers supporting said inwardly-extending levers respectively upon said crosslever, a stirrup, a stirrup-support mounted on the platform and upon which the stirrup is mounted so as to swing transversely relative to the cross-lever, and a loop supporting the cross-lever intermediate said hangers and the platform and mounted on the stirrup so as to swing transversely relative to the platform.

32. In a weighing-scale, the combination with the end beams, of the rock-shafts hav ing inwardly and outwardly extending arms, means for pivotally supporting the outwardly-extending arms upon said beams respectively, the platform, hangers supported upon said inwardly-extending arms, means for supporting the platform upon said hangers, the cross-lever, inwardly-extending levers mounted respectively upon said rockshafts, hangers supporting said inwardlyextending levers respectively upon said cross lever, a stirrup, a stirrup support mounted upon the platform and upon which the stirrup is mounted so as to swing trans versely relative to the cross-lever, and a loop supporting the cross-lever and mounted on the stirrup so as to swing thereon transversely relative to the platform.

In testimony whereof I a'lIix my signature in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

NATHAN E. TYRRELL.

Witnesses:

l/VARREN D. HoUsE, HENRY F. Rosn.

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